为从土壤动物角度研究土壤改良和耕地质量提升,探究等氮条件下不同有机肥和化肥配施对玉米田大型土壤动物的影响,试验设定猪粪（处理3）、羊粪（处理4）、菌渣（处理5）、易腐垃圾（处理6）有机肥、化肥（处理2）和空白（处理1）共6个处理,对不同施肥处理不同土层的土壤环境及大型土壤动物的分布情况开展调查,并对其大型土壤动物多样性进行了分析。结果表明,在玉米田土壤中共捕获到膜翅目、蜘蛛目、半翅目和弹尾目等10个类群的大型动物,以膜翅目和蜘蛛目为优势类群。各处理组的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数从高到低依次为处理6、处理3、处理4、处理5、处理2和处理1。其中,易腐垃圾有机肥处理的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和均匀度指数最高,猪粪有机肥处理次之。4种有机肥处理的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均比纯化肥和空白处理高,可见有机肥料的施用增加了土壤含水量,提高了有机质及全氮含量,有利于土壤动物群落数量和多样性增加,有利于农业可持续发展。
To explore soil improvement and farmland quality improvement from the perspective of soil macrofauna, and to investigate the effects of different combinations of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers on maize soil macrofauna under equal nitrogen conditions, a survey was conducted on the soil environment and distribution of macrofauna in different soil layers under different fertilization treatments, and the diversity of soil macrofauna was analyzed. The experiment set up 6 treatments, including pig manure (treatment 3), sheep manure (treatment 4), bacterial residue (treatment 5), organic fertilizer (treatment 6) for perishable garbage, chemical fertilizer (treatment 2), and blank (treatment 1). The results showed that a total of 10 groups of macrofauna, including Hymenoptera, Arachnida, Hemiptera, and Bombtail, were captured in the soil, with Hymenoptera and Arachnida as the dominant groups. The experimental results showed that the Shannon-Wiener diversity index of each treatment was ranked from high to low as treatment 6, treatment 3, treatment 4, treatment 5, treatment 2, and treatment 1. Among them, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and evenness index were the highest for the treatment of perishable waste organic fertilizer, followed by the treatment of pig manure organic fertilizer. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index of the four types of organic fertilizers was higher than that of pure chemical fertilizers and blank treatments, indicating that the application of organic fertilizers increases soil moisture content, organic matter and total nitrogen content, which was conducive to the increase of soil tauna community quantity and diversity, and was conducive to the sustainable development of agriculture ecology.
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