To screen soybean varieties suitable for planting in Jiaxiang County, Shandong Province, a regional comparative trial was conducted using 14 varieties, including Hedou 12, Jiadou 119, and Daoqiu 60, with Hedou 12 as the control (CK). The indicators such as growth period, agronomic traits, economic traits, disease resistance, yield, and quality were measured. The results showed that in the 2022 regional trial, the growth period of the varieties ranged from 92.6 to 107.9 days, plant height from 56.4 to 84.3 cm, effective pods per plant from 40.4 to 68.9, grains per plant from 86.8 to 139.8, grain weight per plant from 20.2 to 28.9 g, and 100-seed weight from 17.4 to 29.1 g. Traits such as grain shape, seed coat color, seed luster, hilum color, purple-brown spot rate, and insect damage rate all performed well. Except for Xiangxing 4 and Xiangxing 919, all other varieties exhibited resistance or high resistance to soybean mosaic virus strains SC-3 and SC-7, the yields were 180.80 - 229.08 kg/667 m². Based on the 2022 regional trial, Shengdi 16, Daoqiu 60, Jiadou 119, and Jundou 12 were selected for their moderate growth period, excellent agronomic and economic traits, and higher yields, and were advanced to the 2023 regional trial. The two year regional trial results showed that Shengdi 16, Daoqiu 60, Jiadou 119, and Jundou 12 exhibited high and stable yields, with yields over the two years increasing by 5.06% to 6.08% compared to CK. Their protein content ranged from 39.83% to 41.54%, and crude fat content from 18.98% to 20.97%. In conclusion, Shengdi 16, Daoqiu 60, Jiadou 119, and Jundou 12 demonstrated superior overall performance and were recommended for production trials.

The strip intercropping model of soybean and corn can fully utilize the edge row advantage and reasonably coordinate the needs of soybean and corn plants for light, fertilizer, and water. The practice of strip intercropping of soybean and corn in Northern Anhui Province was combined, and its high yield cultivation techniques and promotion effects were summarized. High yield cultivation techniques include selecting suitable soybean and corn varieties; reduce plant spacing, ensure density, and choosing soybean corn planting model of 4:2 or 6:4; adopt fungicides, insecticides, etc. for seed coating treatment, and adhere to the “four suitable” sowing methods of suitable period, suitable soil moisture, suitable depth, and suitable formula; applying sufficient basal fertilizer and applying topdressing at the appropriate time; timely check and supplement seedlings, adopting the weed control method of “closed weeding+spraying on stems and leaves after seedlings”, and paying attention to isolation measures; adopting integrated agricultural, physical, biological, and chemical control techniques for disease and pest prevention and control; timely chemical control to prevent plant lodging; after soybeans and corn mature, appropriate machinery is used for harvesting. The research area was promoted the applied this model from 2022 to 2024, achieving the goal of “basically no reduction in corn production and one additional season of beans”. This article provides a reference for promoting the strip intercropping model of soybean and corn in Northern Anhui Province and related areas.

To popularize the soybean and corn strip intercropping technology in Western Yunnan, the key points of soybean and corn strip intercropping technology were introduced from the aspects of preparation before sowing, key points of sowing technology, field water and fertilizer management, crop control and topple prevention, field weeding, disease and pest control, harvest and storage. Before sowing should choose the convenient transportation, gentle terrain, conducive to irrigation of fertile soil, select a good weather for ploughing and loosening, deep ploughing 20-40 cm is appropriate; varieties with similar maturity and more synchronized growth and development are selected for planting. Sowing should be carried out in the season when the soil moisture and temperature are suitable, such as on-demand sowing and drill sowing. According to the characteristics of soybean and corn varieties, reasonable planting patterns are adopted, including 2-row corn and 2-row soybean, 2-row corn and 3-row soybean, and 2-row corn and 4-row soybean. In field water and fertilizer management, nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer is the auxiliary fertilizer. Chemical control method is adopted to control the growth of corn and soybean. Field weeding management is carried out by chemical weeding and artificial weeding. In view of common root rot, corn borer, cotton bollworm, red fire ant and other diseases and pests of soybean and corn, comprehensive control measures such as physical control, biological pesticide control and ecological regulation are adopted. Adopt artificial or mechanical harvesting, timely harvest soybeans and corn, and timely drying, threshing, when the seed water content is less than 13%, packaging storage. This paper provides a reference for the further popularization of soybean and corn strip intercropping technology in the study area and related areas.

Based on the practice of strip intercropping of soybeans and corn in Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province, the soybean and corn strip intercropping technology from the aspects of pre-sowing preparation, sowing, field management, pest and disease control and so on were summarized and analyzed. In terms of preparation before sowing, corn varieties with strong resistance to dense planting, disease resistance, lodging and compact or semi-compact, and soybean varieties with strong shade resistance and lodging resistance are preferred. Sterilization of seeds such as coating, seed mixing or seed soaking. In terms of seeding, apply sufficient high quality decomposed farm fertilizer, combined with the application of compound fertilizer, according to the actual situation, in accordance with 3:2 or 4:2 model seeding, to ensure the seeding density. In terms of field management, closed weeding and post-seedling weeding are used to remove weeds. When the plants grew too well and the planting density is too high, plant growth regulator is applied to control the growth of the plants. In terms of pest control, the use of mechanical equipment for deep ploughing, turning the soil, or the use of insecticidal lamps in the adult insect occurrence period can effectively lure and kill pests, and select appropriate chemical agents for control according to the types of pests and diseases. In terms of harvesting, it should be harvest at the approprite in time and dry for storage. This paper provides references for optimizing planting layout and improving soybean and corn production performance in relevant areas.

Parental selection and breeding process of corn variety Bole 001 was introduced, and its cultivation and seed production techniques based on its planting characteristics in the Huang Huai Hai region were summarized. This variety is a high yield and stable corn variety with good comprehensive resistance, selected from dx35 as the female parent and L528A as the male parent. It was approved in 2023 with approval number National Approval Corn 20232124. This variety has the characteristics of good growth, excellent quality, good comprehensive resistance, and high yield. The key cultivation techniques include selecting suitable sowing areas; in the Huang Huai Hai region, the sowing is usually from June 5th to 15th; the planting density is more suitable between 67 500 and 70 500 plants/hm²; scientific fertilization and irrigation to ensure normal plant growth; combining soil sealing with stem and leaf spraying to prevent and control weeds in the field; comprehensive prevention and control of diseases and pests such as fall armyworm and rust on grasslands; harvest the seeds promptly when the milk line disappears and the unique luster appears. The key points of seed production techniques include the selection of seed production areas, reasonable sowing time and planting density, strengthened field management, timely removal of impurities and males, and harvesting, threshing. This article provides a reference for promoting the planting of this variety.

In response to the abnormal growth phenomena in corn planting in Funan County, Anhui Province, field investigations and analyses were conducted on some experimental sites in the study area to investigate the abnormal phenomena such as hollow stalks, bald tips, flower grains, and missing grains during the growth process of corn. The investigation found that abnormal climate, unreasonable sowing date selection, excessive planting density, and poor field management are the main reasons for the abnormal growth phenomena of corn. Therefore, measures have been proposed to reduce the incidence of abnormal growth phenomena, such as selecting a suitable broadcasting date, planting reasonably, strengthening fertilizer and water management, comprehensive prevention and control of diseases and pests, implementing a combination of manual assisted pollination and small scale unmanned aerial vehicle assisted powder dispersal, and timely late harvesting. This article provides a reference for improving the yield and overall benefits of corn cultivation.

To investigate the effect of rice plant distribution on yield in paddy fields with seedling throwing, the high yield cultivation techniques of seedling throwing rice and the influence of crop distribution on population yield were summarized and analyzed. The high yield cultivation techniques of rice seedling throwing include reasonable seedling cultivation and the formation of strong seedling; choosing soil bearing seedlings for throwing planting to ensure rice seedlings stand upright; paying attention to even sowing during planting to promote the robust growth of seedlings and improve their quality. In terms of the impact of crop distribution on population yield, an appropriate basic seedling density can enhance rice tillering, increase the number of effective panicles, and thus improve population yield. Reasonable planting uniformity can enable plants to fully utilize resources such as light, water, and soil, reduce competition between individuals and populations, construct reasonable population dynamics, and thus achieve high rice yields. This article provides a reference for high yield cultivation of seedling throwing rice.

To improve the survival rate and the growth quality of Punica granatum cuttings, the rough branches of robust Punica granatum plants growing 3 to 5 years old on the sunny side were used as cuttings, at three different cutting periods [A₁ (February 19th), A₂ (March 15th), A₃ (April 4th)], two kinds of growth hormones [strong rooting agent (concentrations of 2.5, 4.0 and 10.0 g/L respectively, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA, concentrations of 50 and 200 mg/L respectively)] were applied to the hard branches of pomegranates. The number and length of new shoots of the cuttings, the number and length of roots of the cuttings, and the survival rate of the cuttings were measured. The results showed that growth hormone treatment had significant effects on the number and length of new shoots, the number and length of roots of cuttings and the survival rate of cuttings. In A₂ period, the number and length of new cuttings treated with 200 mg/L NAA for 5 min showed good performance. In A₂ period, the cuttings soaked with 50 mg/L NAA for 12 h could increase the number and length of roots. In A₃ period, 50 mg/L NAA soaked cuttings for 12 h had obvious advantages in promoting the survival rate of cuttings. In conclusion, the application of 50 mg/L NAA soaking for 12 h was beneficial to increase the number of roots, root length and survival rate of Punica granatum cuttings, and the cuttings on March 15th and April 4th had better results. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the popularization and application of hard branch cutting propagation of Punica granatum.

To screen high quality rapeseed varieties with good resistance and high yield suitable for promotion in Wuwei City, Anhui Province, Fengyou 737 was used as a control,12 rapeseed varieties including Zhongyouza 39, Ningza 158, and Huihaoyou 12 were selected for display experiments, and comprehensive analysis was conducted on indicators such as growth process, stress resistance, economic traits, and yield. The results showed that there were differences in the growth process among different varieties, with the entire growth period ranging from 225 to 231 days; in terms of resistance, each tested variety experienced more severe frost damage and relatively less occurrence of clubroot disease under the climatic conditions of the study area that year; in terms of economic traits and yield, the plant height of each variety ranges from 125.1 to 168.8 cm, the number of siliques per plant ranges from 180.3 to 322.3, and the yield ranges from 1 986.45 to 3 552.00 kg/hm²; in terms of planting benefits, the chemical benefits of various varieties range from 11 918.7 to 21 312.0 yuan/hm², with Huihaoyou 12 having the highest pure benefit. Overall, Zhongyouza 39, Ningza 158, Huihaoyou 12, Huideyou 88, and Heyou 5 have a moderate growth period and good comprehensive resistance performance, and their economic and yield traits are coordinated.

To investigate the effects of plant growth regulators on the growth of cuttings of adversity-resistant Chrysanthemum,plant growth regulators were used to treat the cuttings of yellow-flowered and pink-flowered chrysanthemums with resistant conditions, and the yellow-flowered and adversity-resistant Chrysanthemum treated with clear water were used as the control (CK), the crown width, plant height above ground growth indicators, root length, root width and other underground growth indicators, above ground biomass and underground biomass were measured, principal component analysis and structural equation model analysis were conducted. The results showed that plant growth regulators can promote the growth and development of the plant. Compared with yellow flowers, pink flowers showed higher sensitivity to plant growth regulators. After treatment with plant growth regulator, the leaf number and root width of pink flower were increased by 16.3% and 23.2%, respectively, compared with yellow flower. Compared with CK, the aboveground biomass and underground biomass increased 1.3 times and 1.4 times, respectively. The response of aboveground part of pink flower and underground part of yellow flower were obvious to plant growth regulators. Principal component analysis showed that the aboveground biomass of adversity-resistant Chrysanthemum had obvious response to plant growth regulators. The structural equation model showed that the aboveground biomass was directly affected by crown width and leaf number, while the underground biomass of adversity-resistant Chrysanthemum was directly affected by root length.

As an abiotic stress factor, UV-B radiation significantly impacts plant morphological development, physiological and biochemical processes, and molecular mechanisms. This paper reviewed the regulatory effects of UV-B radiation on plant morphology (e.g., inhibition of stem elongation, reduction in leaf area, and alteration of root-to-shoot ratio), as well as its direct or indirect damage to cell membrane stability, osmotic regulation substances (e.g., soluble sugars, proline), antioxidant defense systems (enzyme activities such as SOD, CAT, APX, and non-enzymatic antioxidants), and photosynthetic systems. Plants enhance their adaptability to UV-B stress through molecular mechanisms such as synthesizing secondary metabolites like flavonoids and anthocyanins, activating the UVR8-mediated signaling pathway, and activating hormone regulation and secondary metabolic genes. Furthermore, combined stress from UV-B and other environmental factors (e.g., temperature, drought, heavy metals) often exhibits synergistic or antagonistic effects, with complex mechanisms varying across species. Current research primarily focuses on crops and herbaceous plants under controlled experimental conditions. Future studies should integrate multi-omics technologies and long-term field observations to deeply unravel the molecular networks and ecological adaptability of plants in response to UV-B radiation, providing insights for stress-resistant breeding and ecological restoration.

To explore the application of medicinal plants in the ecological environment planning and design of the Yellow River Basin, based on the analysis of its medicinal, economic and ecological values, this paper conducts application practices in aspects such as plant height and color hierarchy design, and seasonal plant configuration in its landscape design scheme. The analysis showed that according to the natural conditions such as climate, temperature and humidity in the Henan section of the Yellow River Basin, the plants suitable for the construction of plant garden ecological belt and wetland belt in the Yellow River basin, such as Trachycarpus fortunei, Phytolacca acinosa and Verbena officinalis, were screened out, and had unique medicinal, viewing, economic and ecological values. On the basis of fully exploring the diverse values of medicinal plants, the use of plants such as Polygala tenuifolia, Lonicera japonica and Nerium oleander to gradually form rich spatial levels and enhance the three-dimensional sense of landscape; combined with the seasonal changes, the use of verbena, bupleurum, honeysuckle and other plant configuration, to form three seasons with flowers, four seasons with scenery ecological landscape. Planning “Rose Chinese sea area”, “golden autumn Ginkgo Biloba exhibition”, etc., can form high quality landscapes in the specific flowering and leaf color periods of plants. Pay attention to the design of leisure space, set up a rest pavilion in the main tour line nodes, to provide tourists with leisure space. The ecological protection of the Yellow River Basin is organically combined with medicinal plants, and the ecological landscape belt of medicinal plants is constructed to provide reference for building the ecological landscape corridor of medicinal plants in the Yellow River Basin.

To investigate the effects of a bamboo and microbial symbiotic system on plant growth and soil environment improvement, using Pennisetum Giganteum Z.X.Lin as the experimental material. 3 treatments were set up: CK (control group), T₁ (3 g of highly absorbent bamboo fiber + 7 g of bamboo fiber symbiotic fungi), and T₂ (6 g of highly absorbent bamboo fiber + 14 g of bamboo fiber symbiotic fungi). The root activity of Pennisetum giganteum Z.X.Lin, soil microbial content, and available nutrient content were measured. The results showed that the average root activity of Pennisetum giganteum Z.X.Lin in the treatment groups was higher than CK, with the performance ranked as T₂ > T₁ > CK. On the 30th day, the soil bacterial count in T₂ was the highest, reaching 180.67×10⁴ CFU/g, which was 301.49% and 392.69% higher than that in T₁ and CK, respectively. The soil fungal counts in T₁ and T₂ both peaked on the 30th day, reaching 96.00×10⁴ and 97.33×10⁴ CFU/g, respectively, representing increases of 317.39% and 323.17% compared to CK. On the 20th day, the soil actinomycete counts in T₁ and T₂ increased by 512.82% and 698.26%, respectively, compared to CK. The available potassium content in T₁ and T₂ increased by 99.54% and 73.38%, respectively, compared to CK, while the available phosphorus content increased by 36.54% and 101.92%, respectively. However, the organic matter content showed a slight decrease. In conclusion, the bamboo and microbial symbiotic system can enhance the root activity of Pennisetum Giganteum Z.X.Lin and significantly promote the growth of soil microorganisms, as well as the content of available potassium and phosphorus.

Using plate isolation and antagonism assay techniques, a strain (designated as BM-03) antagonistic to Fusarium solani (causal agent of tobacco root black rot) was isolated from tobacco rhizosphere soil. Its biocontrol efficacy was validated through pot experiments, and its fermentation characteristics were determined. Results showed that BM-03 exhibited an inhibition rate of 52.78% against F. solani in plate antagonism tests, while pot experiments demonstrated a biocontrol efficacy of 78.03% against root black rot. Further fermentation characterization revealed that inorganic salts had minimal impact on BM-03’s fermentation, whereas soluble starch, yeast extract powder, and soybean meal were identified as optimal nutrients for its growth and fermentation. The optimized fermentation medium were as follows: soluble starch 30 g, soybean meal 6 g, yeast extract powder 4 g, NaCl 0.5 g, K₂HPO₄ 0.5 g, MgSO₄·7H₂O 0.5 g, FeSO₄·7H₂O 0.01 g, finally adjusted to 1 L with pH 8.0, 7% inoculation volume, 100 mL medium per flask, and cultivation at 28 °C. This study provides foundational data for the development and application of BM-03 as a biocontrol agent.

To screen for efficient and safe pre-emergence soil-applied herbicides suitable for winter wheat fields, an evaluation was conducted on the weed control efficacy and safety of 6 herbicides including 33.8% oxadiazon·flufenacet SC through soil sealing treatment. The results showed that 33.8% oxadiazon·flufenacet SC at 750 mL/hm² demonstrated optimal soil-sealing efficacy in wheat fields, achieving 83.29% weed control efficiency 28 days after treatment. Following subsequent foliar application, it maintained 98.74% weed control rate and 95.09% fresh weight reduction efficacy 98 days post-treatment, significantly reducing early-stage weed populations with prolonged residual activity and good crop safety. 50% pretilachlor SC at 1 875 mL/hm² achieved weed control 82.71% at 28 days, but shorter persistence, with fresh weight control declining to 72.52% at 98 days after foliar treatment. 30% pyroxasulfone·flufenacet SC at 1 200 mL/hm² achieved 78.33% weed control at 28 days, exhibiting longer persistence with 93.66% fresh weight control efficacy at 98 days post foliar treatment. These findings validate that 3 herbicides can be effectively applied as pre-emergence soil treatments in winter wheat fields, demonstrating significant weed suppression without observable phytotoxicity to wheat growth. They exhibit promising potential for extended application in winter wheat cultivation regions such as Shanghai. Rotational use is recommended according to local weed infestation patterns to optimize resistance management and sustained efficacy.

To investigate the domestication efficiency of feed Siniperca chuatsi in the domestication model of industrial circulating water, an early-stage Siniperca chuatsi was conducted in a rectangular training tank over 52 days. Growth performance indicators, including survival rate of Siniperca chuatsi, were measured, and economic benefits were analyzed. The results showed that after domestication the final specification of feed Siniperca chuatsi was 43 individuals/kg, with a survival rate of 90.72%, weight gain rate of 924.67%, and feed conversion ratio of 1.07. Economic benefits analysis revealed a net profit of 78 832 yuan, with an overall break-even survival rate exceeding 42.43%. In conclusion, this training model offers advantages such as a short cycle, simple operation, strong controllability, high survival rate, and significant economic benefits, making it suitable for broader application in production.

To screening superior individual plants in alfalfa as forage, a variant population of 71 plants derived from 12 cultivars (including Derby and Defu) after 5 years of cultivation and two rounds of morphological selection was used as experimental material. Plant height, tiller number, and other traits were measured for cluster analysis and individual plant selection. The results showed that the 71 mutant populations were divided into two major categories, with 17 and 54 individual strains respectivelyat,a euclidean distance of 4, the second major cluster was divided into three subclusters: SubclusterⅠcomprised 24 individuals (No.48, 42, 83, 31, 45, 39, 44, 52, 9, 14, 7, 11, 4, 6, 92, 38, 86, 23, 58, 15, 32, 22, 41 and 8); SubclusterⅡcontained only No.40; and SubclusterⅢincluded 7 individuals (No.90, 94, 19, 30, 2, 93 and 33). Comparative analysis revealed that SubclusterⅢaggregated plants with higher tiller numbers, greater plant height, and lower stem-to-leaf ratio, while SubclusterⅠgrouped plants with longer internodes. SubclusterⅡcomprised plants with a higher dry-to-fresh weight ratio. Based on comprehensive evaluation, eight superior individuals (No.2, 19, 30, 33, 40, 90, 93 and 94) exhibiting high yield and quality traits were selected, providing foundational material for breeding high quality, high yielding alfalfa lines.

To explore the codon usage bias and its major influencing factors in the chloroplast genome of Phellodendron amurense, the coding sequences (CDS) of the chloroplast genome of P. amurense were utilized. Fragments shorter than 300 bp, containing stop codons, or repetitive sequences were excluded, ultimately retaining 52 valid sequences. The GC content and effective number of codons (ENC) of these sequences were calculated using Codon W and CUSP software, and the influencing factors of codon preference were further discussed by correlation analysis of codon preference parameters. The findings indicated that the average GC content within the chloroplast genome of P. amurense was 39.34%, with the GC content at the three positions ranked as follows: GC₃ (30.32%) < GC₂ (40.07%) < GC₁ (47.63%). The codon preference parameter correlation analysis revealed a preference for A and U as the third base of the codon, with an average ENC value of 49.13, indicating a weak codon usage bias. Natural selection pressure was identified as the primary factor affecting codon usage bias. Ten optimized codons were identified, which showed a significant preference for the A and U types. This research lays a data foundation and provides a reference for gene engineering and the optimization of codons in the chloroplast genome of P. amurense.

Castanopsis hystrix is one of the most important native broad-leaved tree species and wood species, which has high ecological and economic value. The research progress of the tree species forest afforestation, breeding of good varieties, management and protection, seedling cultivation, disease and pest control, resource utilization and so on were reviewed. The construction of mixed forest is beneficial to improve the stability of stand and the ability of disease and pest prevention, and the rational optimization of its density and structure is beneficial to improve the quality and yield of plantation. The main cultivation methods of the plant seedlings are strong seedling raising, cutting propagation and tissue culture, which is beneficial to the protection and utilization of germplasm resources, and reasonable fertilization is beneficial to promote the growth and development of Castanopsis hystrix seedlings. The mechanism of the adaptive evolution of the tree species are analyzed by modern biotechnology, which is of great importance to the selection of excellent germplasm resources. Rational application of chemical agents is benificial to control Castanopsis hystrix dieases and pests; Castanopsis hystrix is suitable for the production of high quality wood, and building mixed forest is of great significance for increasing the diversity of species and maintaining the balance of biomass. This paper provides references for further development and utilization of Castanopsis hystrix germplasm resources.

To explore the effects of compound fertilizers and iron element fertilizers on the growth and breeding of Cycas szechuanensis, experimental areas were established in Taojinshan Nature Conservation Community and Cycas szechuanensis transplant park in Shaxian District, Sanming City, Fujian Province in 2022, with no fertilization as control (CK). The leaf length, leaf width and leaf number of the plant were measured under different fertilization rates (0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 and 1.25 kg/plant)； the effects of adding 95% ferrous sulfate fertilizer to compound fertilizer on leaf growth were analyzed. The results showed that there were differences in the growth of new leaves of Cycas szechuanensis with different amounts of compound fertilizer. The length, width and number of new leaves applied compound fertilizer were better than CK, and the growth applied 0.50-0.75 kg/plant compound fertilizer was better. In the process of fertilization, adding 0.10 kg/plant 95% ferrous sulfate fertilizer can prevent the symptoms of iron deficiency yellowing in new leaves. In conclusion, applying compound fertilizer and adding 0.10 kg/plant 95% ferrous sulfate fertilizer was beneficial to the growth and breeding of Cycas szechuanensis, improve the living environment of its natural community, and protect the natural resources of the plant. This paper provides references for the population breeding of Cycas szechuanensis.

To compare the effects of different stem/leaf positions (upper layer A₁, middle layer A₂), different drying methods (natural drying B₁, 50 ℃ oven drying B₂), and different materials (leaf C₁, stem C₂) on the rosmarinic acid content in rosemary, the upper and middle layers of rosemary stems and leaves were used as raw materials. Rosmarinic acid was extracted using 70% ethanol with ultrasonic assistance, and a randomized experimental design was employed in combination with HPLC to determine the rosmarinic acid content. The results showed that the relative standard deviation (RSD) calculated from the peak areas was 0.47%, indicating that the established analytical method had a relatively high accuracy. The content of rosmarinic acid in A₁B₁C₂, A₂B₁C₂, A₁B₁C₁ and A₂B₁C₁ treatment was 0.066 2, 0.067 9, 0.128 9 and 0.129 7 mg/mL, respectively. The rosmarinic acid contents of A₁B₂C₂, A₂B₂C₂, A₁B₂C₁ and A₂B₂C₁ treatments were 0.052 1, 0.057 3, 0.120 2 and 0.119 4 mg/mL, respectively. The results indicated that the rosmarinic acid content extracted from stems and leaves treated with natural drying was higher than that from 50 °C oven drying. The rosmarinic acid content in leaves was consistently higher than that in stems, and among the leaves, the middle layer showed higher content than the upper layer.

Pomegranate peel was used as the raw material and separated insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) from the dietary fiber of the peel using enzymatic hydrolysis. Single factor and orthogonal experimental methods were used to investigate the effects of pectinase addition, papain addition, cellulase addition, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature, and water bath time on the yield of IDF, and to optimize the process conditions. The results of the single factor experiment showed that the optimal addition amounts of pectinase, papain, and cellulase were 1.00%, 1.25%, and 0.75%, respectively. The optimal enzymatic hydrolysis temperature was 50 ℃, and the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis time was 60 min. Orthogonal optimization experiment was conducted to determine the optimal process conditions for enzymatic extraction of pomegranate peel IDF: under the condition of a solid-liquid ratio of 1:25 (m:V) and addition amount of cellulase 0.75%, the addition of pectinase and papain were both 1.00%. The optimal composite enzyme ratio was 1:1, the enzymatic hydrolysis temperature was 50 ℃, and the water bath time was 60 min; Under these conditions, the yield of IDF reached 47.93%, with hydraulic holding capacity and swelling capacity of 3.43 g/g and 3.45 mL/g, respectively. This study provides a reference for the rational utilization of dietary fiber in the future.

To analyze the effect of intensive curing process on underripe and overripe tobacco leaves, tobacco leaf Xiangyan No. 5 was used as material in this experiment, the single factor test of curing underripe and overripe tobacco leaves in different parts was designed, the energy consumption cost of roasting, economic properties of tobacco leaves and conventional chemical components of tobacco leaves were determined in the intensive roasting process treatment (T underripe, T overripe) and the conventional roasting process treatment (CK underripe, CK overripe). The results showed that there was no significant difference in energy consumption cost between T underripe and CK underripe. Compared with CK underrip, the proportion of fine tobacco under T underripe increased by 0.43-4.92 percentage points, and the average price increased by 0.19-0.60 yuan/kg. The starch content in the middle and upper leaves of T underripe treatment was 0.45-0.50 percentage points lower than that of CK underripe. Intensive curing technology could reduce the energy consumption cost of overripe tobacco. The proportion of fine tobacco under T overripe treatment was 0.69-5.71 percentage points higher than that under CK overripe, and the average price was 0.10-0.53 yuan/kg higher. The starch content in the middle and upper leaves of T overripe treatment decreased by 0.52-0.82 percentage points compared with CK overripe. In summary, the intensive curing process of underripe and overripe tobacco is conducive to improving the economic properties of tobacco leaves, improving the chemical composition of tobacco leaves, and realizing the accurate control of the baking process of underripe and overripe tobacco leaves, which provides a reference for the intelligent baking.

The research on the biological activities of chemical components and applications of Angelica dahurica by consulting relevant literature were reviewed. The main chemical components of Angelica dahurica include coumarins, volatile oils, polysaccharides, alkaloids, and others. These bioactive compounds exhibit various effects such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities, with multiple potential therapeutic targets. The mechanisms of action may be related to the regulation of vascular active substances, lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress in the body. Angelica dahurica can be combined with other traditional Chinese medicines for topical treatment of skin diseases, administered orally or externally to alleviate various types of pain and inflammation. It effectively dilates arterial blood vessels, promotes blood circulation, and regulates blood viscosity, thereby providing therapeutic benefits for cardiovascular diseases. This article provides a reference for the further study of the biological activity of Angelica dahurica.

To further clarify the macrofungal species resources in Guiyang region, Guizhou Province, the composition of macrofungal species, dominant family and genus in 11 regions were investigated by random field investigation and questionnaire survey, and the correlation between macrofungal diversity and habitat and climate was investigated. A total of 429 fungal specimens were collected in the study area, and 215 species of macrofungi were identified and classified, belonging to 3 phyla, 8 classes, 19 orders, 47 families and 107 genera. At phylum level, basidiomycetes (90.23%) and ascomycetes (8.83%) were dominant phyla. At the genus level, Polyporaceae (21.395%), Marasmiaceae (7.907%) and Russulaceae (7.442%) were the dominant genera. In the market, a total of 21 kinds of large fungi such as red mushrooms, milk mushrooms and ganoderma lucidum were investigated, including 16 kinds of edible fungi, and the commodity potential was large. There were 69 kinds of edible fungi, 33 kinds of medicinal fungi and 16 kinds of poisonous fungi. The habitats of macrofungi were mainly mixed forest and broad-leaved forest. The species richness of macrofungi was affected by seasonal changes, and the species of fungi increased with the increase of precipitation. The research area is rich in macrofungal resources, so it is necessary to strengthen the research on the collection and domestication of fungi resources and artificial propagation, accelerate the cultivation of leading edible fungi enterprises, give full play to the advantages of fungi resources in Guiyang, and provide references for promoting the development of edible fungi industry in the area.

Based on the daily maximum temperature data of A, B, C, D and E orchards and the daily maximum temperature data of Dangshan National Basic Meteorological Observatory from July to September, 2017 to 2023, the daily maximum temperature meteorological forecast models of crisp pear fruit in A, B, C, D and E 5 orchards were established by linear regression equation. The results showed that the maximum temperature prediction models of these 5 orchards were y =1.008 9x + 0.422 9，y = 0.998 3x + 0.649 1，y = 1.013 4x + 0.164 6，y =1.092 7x - 1.761 2，y = 1.000 4x + 0.363 4. R² of model test was greater than 0.9, which indicated that the model had a good forecasting effect. The average absolute errors of the 5 township models were 0.5, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8 and 0.5 ℃ respectively. Both of them were less than 1 ℃, and the average absolute error was smaller and the prediction was more accurate than that of using the daily maximum temperature of Dangshan National Basic Meteorological Observatory as the orchard daily maximum temperature. The average absolute errors between the predicted results and the actual situation were 0.5, 0.6, 0.9, 0.9 and 0.5 ℃ respectively, all of which were less than 1 ℃, so the prediction was accurate. The forecasting model of orchard maximum temperature was convenient to use and had good forecasting effect, which can be applied to practical meteorological forecast business.

To improve the quality of agricultural meteorological services provided by grassroots meteorological departments, the current status of the basic application of satellite remote sensing technology was analyzed in grassroots meteorological departments, and its specific application in modern meteorological services was explored. In terms of application status, it is necessary to further identify and analyze monitoring objects, accurately locate monitoring targets through product stacking, algorithm optimization and adjustment, and other operations; multiple remote sensing model calculation methods and data sources need to be combined to improve monitoring accuracy. In terms of application, it is mainly used in 3 aspects: meteorological disaster prediction, agricultural production services, and environmental monitoring. Among them, in terms of meteorological disaster prediction, it can be used for monitoring floods, geology, meteorology, forests, etc., providing data reference for flood control and disaster relief, geological disasters, drought monitoring, forest fire prevention, etc. In terms of agricultural production service monitoring, it can be used for crop growth pest and disease, yield evaluation and other monitoring, helping to reverse the growth parameters of crops, reduce economic losses caused by pests and diseases, and calculate crop yields. In terms of ecological environment monitoring, it can be used for monitoring atmospheric environment, water pollution, solid waste, etc., to help accurately assess the air quality and evaluate water quality in the region. This article provides references for the application of satellite remote sensing technology in modern meteorological services.

To meet the practical needs of graduate training for professional master’s degree (hereinafter referred to as “professional master’s degree”) in the field of rural development, the training models for professional master’s students were explored, including “multidisciplinary knowledge+practical application”, science and technology colleges, “dual mentors+professional teachers”, and integration of industry, academia, and research. The current training status in collaborative innovation mechanisms, integration of industry and education, and implementation of the “dual mentor system” was analyzed, and a professional master’s student training model was constructed with local characteristics. Specifically, build a demand-oriented scientific research system, build learning platforms such as school-enterprise cooperation, and optimize collaborative innovation mechanisms. To construct the mountain characteristic agriculture innovation service chain, realize the deep integration of education chain and industrial chain; implement the tutor industry infiltration plan, build the vocational skills strengthening system, optimize the double tutor collaboration mechanism, establish the tutor ability tracking feedback system, and actively implement the “double tutor system”; implement the reform of the classified training system, build a three-dimensional capacity forging mechanism, innovate a dynamic training path, strengthen the closed-loop of production and learning collaboration to educate people, and build a management model inside and outside the school. This study is helpful to meet the practical needs of the training of professional postgraduates in the field of rural development, and to cultivate more new talents who know, love and work for agriculture.

To improve the quality of professional personnel training, the necessity of practical teaching reform of Animal Anatomy and Physiology course was analyzed, and the effective reform strategies were put forward. In terms of necessity, it helps to optimize the personnel training system, improve teachers’ teaching ability and enhance students’ hands-on ability. Reform strategies inculdes expanding the teaching content, increasing observation experiments for frequent infectious diseases such as pig blue ear disease and bird flu, optimizing the mouse anatomy experiment process, so that it is not only in line with the professional frontier, but also closely combining with the needs of enterprises; strengthening visual teaching, making a three-dimensional model of dairy cow digestive system, so that students can intuitively understand its digestive process; deepening school-enterprise cooperation, inviting well-known entrepreneurs and engineering to the school to make special reports, and establishing cooperative relations with local animal husbandry companies; building an online learning platform, making full use of the multimedia resources of the Internet platform, and adopting online exercises and examination systems to enhance the interaction and collaboration between teachers and students. The practical results shows that the practical teaching reform has greatly improved the students’ mastery of professional knowledge and practical operation ability. Meanwhile, the teaching level of teachers has also been improved, and the quality of personnel training has been improved.

To cultivate high-level Ecology professionals with both theory and practice and innovative ability, the cultivation of this master’s degree students was reformed. Through the establishment of team cooperation mechanism, the construction of reasonable evaluation system and incentive mechanism, the combination of introduction and training and other measures, the construction of excellent teachers team; followed the principle of “orderly development, progressive level and synthetic system”, 3 levels of excellent courses, namely general courses, theoretical courses and practical courses had built; to build a three-part Ecology master’s degree training platform of “science and technology academy, rural revitalization institute, science and technology special agent”; encouraged students to take root in rural areas and grassroots, and built a training system of “two roots, three stages and four good uses” through practice-theory-practice; throughed cooperation with enterprises, the establishment of a series of representative characteristic bases and other measures to achieve the integration of science and education and multi-dimensional driven collaborative training. The practice showed that the teaching reform made the training of Ecology master students pay more attention to the close combination of theory and practice, improved students’ scientific research ability and the comprehensive quality of service for rural revitalization, and had achieved obvious results in improving the quality of talent training and cultivating innovative talents.

To cultivate high quality Biological Science teachers, the construction of “excellent biological teacher” training practice teaching system under the background of production-education integration were explored and practiced. The overall design was to solve the practical teaching problem of the integration of production and education as the direction, guided by the professional certification standard under the concept of OBE, and highlight the practical teaching link of the talent training program. In practice, it should build a scientific practical teaching curriculum system based on discipline competition and strengthen the integration with students’ innovation and entrepreneurship and practical teaching. Construction of “three full education” practice teaching teachers, strengthen the deep participation in the training process of excellent teachers; optimize the assessment and evaluation system to achieve the organic connection between talent training and industrial needs. The practice showed that under the practical teaching system, the students benefit more, they directly participated in teaching and scientific research projects, won 5 national awards in the national college student life science competition, and internship in the academy of agriculture and forestry sciences, agricultural companies and other co-construction units won unanimous praise. This paper provides a reference for training the comprehensive practical ability, innovation and entrepreneurship quality of Biological teachers.

To optimize the teaching evaluation method of Soil and Fertilizer Science course in agricultural universities and improve the quality of course teaching, the current situation of teaching evaluation was analyzed in 3 aspects: evaluation content, evaluation methods, and evaluation subjects. Based on LOA, the evaluation model was designed and a formative evaluation model was constructed. In terms of current situation, collaborative innovation in scientific research is not obvious, the integration of industry and education is not deep enough, the implementation effect of the "dual mentor system" is not ideal, and the talent training mode needs to be optimized. In terms of conceptual design, design the overall goal of formative evaluation and enhance teachers’ formative evaluation literacy; strengthen professional development capabilities, apply the results portfolio method, collect information on students’ knowledge learning, testing, expansion, reflection, and other aspects of the course, such as learning objectives and tasks, learning quality evaluation standards, learning summaries and reflections, etc. In terms of pattern construction, strategies such as developing evaluation standards, creating evaluation tasks, designing hierarchical questioning, and collaborative evaluation feedback were proposed to provide a reference for deeply exploring new agricultural professional knowledge and realizing the value of promoting teaching and learning through evaluation.

Based on the actual survey data of 477 farmers in three survey areas（A, B and C）, Logistic regression model was used to analyze the differences and influencing factors of farmers’ land quality protection behavior. The survey analysis revealed that farmers’ awareness of farmland protection is multi dimensional and multi faceted. Farmers in areas B and C have a higher awareness of farmland quality protection, while farmers in area A have a relatively lower awareness of farmland quality protection. To a certain extent, the larger the area of arable land owned by farmers, the higher their enthusiasm for protection. Farmers in area B have a stronger willingness to protect the quality of arable land, while farmers in area A have a lower willingness to protect the quality of arable land. Area C is at a moderate level; farmers in each survey area have taken measures to protect the quality of farmland, such as returning straw to the field, deep loosening the land, and applying farmyard manure; some farmers have inconsistent perceptions and behaviors regarding farmland protection. Based on these findings, strategies such as the promotion of land protection policies, improvement of the institutional framework for protection, encouragement of farmers’ participation, strengthening of land resource management and planning, and enhancement of farmers’ awareness and skills in cultivated land protection are proposed. These measures are aimed at safeguarding cultivated land and providing references for the promotion of sustainable agricultural development.

To explore the development pathways of rural tourism under the background of rural revitalization, this study takes Xianzong Town in Hanshan County, Anhui Province as a case. The current status of its rural tourism development was sorted out, its role in rural revitalization was analyzed, the key problems that need to be urgently solved in the development process were discussed, and corresponding strategies were proposed. Leveraging abundant natural resources, profound historical-cultural heritage, and unique folk customs, Xianzong Town has effectively promoted rural industrial integration, talentreturning, cultural inheritance, ecological conservation, and organizational development through initiatives such as characteristic scenic spot development and festival events, establishing itself as a crucial supporting pillar for rural revitalization. However, challenges persist in infrastructure construction (transportation networks, accommodation facilities, catering services, and public sanitation), tourism product innovation, professional talent cultivation, environmental protection, funding mechanisms, and marketing strategies. To address these shortcomings, the strategies were proposed:enhancing infrastructure through improved transportation networks, lodging facilities, catering services, and public health systems; innovating differentiated tourism products by deeply exploring local cultural elements; strengthening the cultivation of tourism talents through talent introduction and training; implementing ecological and environmental protection by enhancing environmental awareness and following the development concept of sustainable development; expanding financing channels through financial system reform and innovative investment structures; optimizing marketing strategies utilizing new media platforms. This research provides practical references for promoting high-quality rural tourism development and advancing rural revitalization strategies.