To identify suitable soybean varieties for cultivation in the Northern Henan Province, Zheng 196 as control, 33 soybean varieties including Xiangxing 166 were selected as experimental materials. The growth period, field characteristics, agronomic traits, and yield of each variety were systematically compared. The results indicated that the growth period for all varieties ranged from 107 to 112 days. Leaf shapes were uniformly oval, with flower colors being either white or purple, and fluff colors being brown or gray. Pod formation habits were categorized as limited or sub-limited, while plant types were semi-open or convergent. In terms of agronomic traits, plant heights varied from 59.7 to 113.3 cm, basal pod heights from 4.9 to 25.5 cm, main stem nodes per plant from 13.8 to 22.8, effective branches per plant from 0.4 to 6.5, effective pods per plant from 34.0 to 178.6, seeds per plant from 75.1 to 311.1, and grain weight per plant from 14.4 to 59.2 g. The 100-grain weight ranged from 15.3 to 25.0 g. Soybean yields ranged from 1 978.55 kg/hm² to 3 107.09 kg/hm². Considering growth period, field characteristics, agronomic traits, and yield, Pudou 7014, Heshu 21, and Xuke bean 12 demonstrated superior performance, achieving yields of 2 964.30, 2 942.85, and 2 928.60 kg/hm², respectively. Compared to the CK, these varieties showed yield increases of 20.12%, 19.25%, and 18.67%, respectively. It is recommended to continue regional trials in this study area.

The key cultivation techniques of Passiflora edulis Sims were summarized and analyzed based on its production practice in the research area. During the planting period, site selection, soil preparation, bottom fertilization, scaffolding and seedling management were completed. During the growth period, the techniques of bud erasing, top picking and pruning were put forward, while also implementing timely fertilizer and water management as well as disease and pest control. Harvesting period, combined with different maturity periods for harvesting and storage preservation. The research results provided references for high-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques of Passiflora edulis Sims and the development of related industries.

The distribution of pests during rice cultivation is characterized by small scale and high density, making identification challenging. This article was based on deep learning and the classic YOLOv8s lightweight model was used to train and recognize 14 types of rice pests, including rice leaf roller, rice leaf caterpillar, and rice stem maggot, etc. The model training and verification results were obtained. The training results showed that the model has good convergence speed and stability; the verification results indicated that the model has good performance, with the recognition accuracy of 0.788, the recall rate of 0.721, and the recognition accuracy of 0.809, mAP@0.5 of 0.772 for 14 rice pests. Overall, the model had good performance and can meet the requirements of rice pest detection. The research results provide references for the identification of rice pest.

A comparative analysis was conducted between agricultural soil survey data from the 1980s and over 20 000 soil pH samples from the soil testing and formula fertilization project (2010s) in the study area. The trends in soil pH variation, causes of soil acidification, primary control technologies, and appropriate soil improvement measures were explored. The results showed that the average value of soil pH in the study area showed a decreasing trend from 1980s to 2010s, the proportion of neutral soil decreased by 13.1%, the proportion of acidic soil increased by 14.4%, and the proportion of soil area decreased by 1 unit of soil pH accounted for 24.48%. The analysis showed that the accelerated soil acidification was caused by many factors such as the application of soil parent material and chemical fertilizer, land use mode, acid rain, and the reduction of the application amount of alkaline substances such as plant ash. Based on the causes of soil acidification, the current technology of soil acidification resistance and control was discussed, including alkaline neutralization technology, organic fertilizer replacing fertilizer technology, agricultural engineering measures to reduce and control stains, and green fertilizer + biological fertilizer improvement technology.The soil improvement measures suitable for the actual situation of the study area were put forward, including adding alkaline substances such as lime, organic ash and residue and increasing organic fertilizer.

By comparing the phenological period and fruit quality of 10 blueberry varieties including Gulfcoast, Jubilee, and Will, the introduction performance of these varieties in Kaili, Guizhou Province, was investigated. The results showed that all tested varieties could bloom and bear fruit normally in the area, with good appearance quality, maturity, and taste and flavor of Will, Jubilee, Sweetheart, Onslow, and Vernon. Gulfcoast and Jubilee mature early and could fill the gap in the local market. Due to its red fruit and unique fragrance, Pink Lemonade could be grown in combination in tourist parks; Vernon and Onslow mature relatively late and had a sweet and sour taste, making them suitable for planting as late maturing varieties or for jam processing. The research results provided references for optimizing and adjusting the variety layout of blueberry industry in Kaili area.

To screen the excellent maize varieties suitable for planting in Lingbi County, Anhui province, 34 new corn varieties, such as Kangnongyu 8009, Zhongyu 303 and Siyougu No. 5, were used as experimental materials, growth period and disease resistance were recorded, and agronomic traits, such as plant height, yield and yield traits, such as 100 grain weight were measured and evaluated comprehensively. The results showed that the growth period of each variety was 99-105 days. In terms of resistance, stem rot and small spot of all varieties were grade 1, and some varieties were susceptible to rust and sheath blight. In terms of agronomic traits, plant height was 206.4-267.3 cm, ear position 67.2-103.4 cm, ear diameter 4.3-5.0 cm, row number of spike 12.4-17.6 rows, row number 29.0-36.1 grains, seed yield 88.0%-91.5%. In terms of yield and yield traits, the effective panicle was 67 500 panicles /hm², the 100 grain weight was 25.43-36.42 g, the number of grains per panicle was 378.96-603.94 grains, and the yield was 7 240.50-10 062.75 kg/hm². The 5 varieties of Longding 728, Pudan 12, Jiaxi 100, Weike 985 and Denghai 1875 had the best comprehensive performance and were suitable for planting in the study area and related areas.

Y Liangyou 919 is an indica two-line hybrid rice variety selected from Y58S as the female parent and R919 as the male parent，the characteristics of its parents and high-yield seed production techniques were introduced. Y58S is a widely adaptable rice photoperiod temperature sensitive sterile line with excellent compatibility and high breeding yield; R919 is a dominant recovery line with lodging resistance, disease resistance and strong coordination force. Y Liangyou 919 can be used for post tobacco seed production in areas with an altitude of 300-500 meters in Northwest Fujian Province. The high-yield seed production techniques includes reasonable arrangement of the sowing time difference between the father and mother plants, with the father plant sowing in mid May and the mother plant sowing in mid June being suitable; choose fields that are windward and sunny, have convenient drainage and irrigation, and have a medium to high fertility level as seedling fields. Use appropriate sowing rates, soak seeds with disinfectants, apply sufficient base fertilizer, and timely and appropriate topdressing. Scientifically manage water and prevent diseases, pests, and weeds in a timely manner to cultivate strong seedlings; after harvesting tobacco leaves, timely plow and weed the fields, and transplant them, with a parent to child ratio of 1∶8; the full fertility period of the field, shallow water transplanting, inch water greening, thin water tillering, sufficient sun drying of seedlings, inch water booting, and dry and wet strong seeds should be achieved; apply sufficient basal fertilizer and apply appropriate topdressing according to the growth of the seedlings; timely prevention and control of diseases and pests such as rice sheath blight, rice leaf roller, and neck blight based on the actual situation in the field and local pest and disease monitoring; the ideal flowering period for seed production of this variety should meet the standard that the male parent’s initial flowering period is 2 days later than the female parent’s, and should be adjusted in a timely manner according to the actual situation in the field; when the number of spikes reaches 25% to 30%, spray “920” plant growth regulator to ensure uniformity and pollination, and improve the fruiting rate; timely remove impurities and maintain purity, eliminate premature and abnormal plants; after the flowering is completed, promptly cut off the male parent and harvest 90% of the seeds in the field when they are ripe. This article provides references for high-yield seed production and promotion planting of hybrid rice.

The species, host plants, damage parts，damage degree and community composition of leaf-eating pests of garden plants in Chongming District of Shanghai were investigated by detailed investigation method and spot investigation method. The results showed that there were 122 species in 24 families, including 21 families, 118 species and 4 dominant species of Lepidoptera, 3 families, 4 species and 2 dominant species of Hymenoptera. In terms of the degree of harm, there were 79 minor (+) species, accounting for 64.75%; 37 species with moderate (++) damage, accounting for 30.33%; 6 species with damage (+++), accounting for 4.92%. There were many species of leaf-eating pests in the study area, but their composition and structure were relatively simple, and the species that could cause serious damage were mainly concentrated in a few families. In view of the harmful characteristics of leaf-eating pests of garden plants in this area, the comprehensive control strategy of leaf-eating pests of garden plants was proposed. The control strategy of leaf-eating pests of garden plants should adhere to the principle of “prevention first and comprehensive control”, and improve the insect-resistant ability of garden plants based on the forest management measures of resistant tree species. At the same time, the occurrence law of pests should be mastered and appropriate comprehensive control measures should be taken in time, to reduce the scope of occurrence of pests, reduce the degree of harm of pests. This study provided a reference for the control of garden plant leaf-eating pests in this area and ecologically similar areas.

The characteristics, suitable planting areas, cultivation techniques, and high-yield seed production techniques of Quanxiangyou 89 were summarized and analyzed based on its production practice. This variety is planted in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and exhibits characteristics such as suitable growth period, excellent rice quality, and high-yield; it is suitable for planting in areas with low incidence of rice blast disease, such as Pingba hilly rice growing areas in Sichuan Province and mid to low altitude indica rice growing areas in Yunnan Province. The high-yield cultivation techniques include early sowing in time and cultivating multi-tiller seedling; heavy application of bottom fertilizer, timely topdressing; dry and wet alternate pipe water and timely pest control. High-yield seed production techniques include post tobacco seed production in areas with an altitude of 250-500 meters; according to the different seed production seasons, ensure that the parental sowing difference period is between 6.5 and 7.5 leaves; soaking seeds with pesticides, spraying paclobutrazol, etc., to promote the health, dwarfism, and multiple tillering of seedlings; arranging a parent to parent ratio of 1∶8; managing fertilizer and water according to the growth of seedlings in the field; timely prevention and control of diseases and pests such as neck blight and rice planthopper based on actual field investigations and local pest and disease reports; adopting the method of young ear peeling to predict flowering period, it is advisable to use the same period as the parents in the early stage of young ear differentiation; spraying gibberellin when the panicle reaches 15%; pay attention to removing impurities and maintaining purity throughout the entire seed production process; harvesting begins when 75% of the seeds are ripe and dried promptly after harvesting. This article provides references for the demonstration and promotion of high-yield seed production techniques for Quanxiangyou 89.

To strengthen the rural talent team, improve agricultural production technology, industrial development capabilities, and farmers’ management and business abilities, the basic situation and training content of cultivating high-quality agricultural farmers in Fengyang County of Anhui Province was analyzed in the past 3 years (2021-2023), as well as the problems in resource allocation, actual needs, and cultivation effects. Based on the cultivation experience, a series of optimization measures were proposed. 7 institutions, including Agricultural Radio and Television School, Agricultural Science Research Institute, and local colleges, were responsible for cultivating and teaching in this area. The training courses were divided into 3 categories: professional production type, skill service type, and business management type. The training content includes business management, professional production, and skill service. The number of participants and training courses are increasing year by year, and the cultural quality of participants is improving year by year. Optimization measures includes optimizing resource investment and integrating institutions, matching training content and needs, evaluating the effectiveness of farmer training, increasing farmers’ participation and enthusiasm in training, strengthening the role of demonstration and leadership, improving the efficiency of fund utilization, optimizing training institutions, and strengthening the construction of teaching staff. The practical results showed that vigorously cultivating high-quality farmers is conducive to promoting rural economic development, increasing famers’ income.

In order to determine the application effects of 3 plant growth regulators, gibberellin (GA₃), chlorpyriuren (CPPU) and thiaphenone (TDZ) on Vitis labruscana× V.vinifera‘Shine-Muscat’, it was used as experimental materiasand.The pre-flower protection was treated with (2 mg/L GA₃ + 2 mg/L CPPU) (B₁) and (2 mg/L GA₃ + 2 mg/L TDZ) (B₂). Non-nuclear treatment was performed with the combination of (25 mg/L GA₃ + 2 mg/L CPPU) (W₁) and (10 mg/L GA₃ + 4 mg/L TDZ) (W₂). The bulking treatment was performed with 3 combinations of 25 mg/L GA₃ + 4 mg/L CPPU + 2 mg/L TDZ(P₁), (25 mg/L GA₃ +3 mg/L CPPU) (P₂) and (25 mg/L GA₃ +3 mg/L TDZ） (P₃). After treatment, the average grain weight content and sugar were measured and the taste was evaluated. The result showed that, after 2 days of seedless treatment of W₁ + after 12 days of seedless treatment of P₂, the average grain weight of expermental varieties reached 13.78 g and the grapes had an early maturity; 50%-60% of flowers were treated with bud protection before flowering B₂+nucle-free treatment within 5-7 days after flowering W₂+ expanded treatment P₂ about 12 days after nucle-free treatment, the average grain weight of expermental varieties was 18.22 g and the sugar content was more than 19 Brix %, and the ripening stage was not significantly delayed compared with other large-grain schemes. The combination of the above two treatments had high application value.

Wheat basal rot is a disease that has occurred in wheat fields in recent years, particularly in corn-wheat continuous cropping fields, where it has shown a trend of increasing severity, causing a reduction in this plant yield and quality to some extent. To understand the occurrence characteristics of this disease and effectively control its spread and minimize damage, based on the wheat production practice in Lingbi County, Anhui Province, the occurrence, damage symptoms, disease characteristics, and influencing factors of this disease rot were analyzed through years of field investigations and a review of relevant literature. On this basis, the health cultivation as the basis were proposed, including the selection of resistant varieties, crop rotation, appropriate deep plowing, removal of straw from the field, precision seeding, and balanced fertilization. Additionally, seed treatment with chemicals during the wheat sowing period, the use of highly effective and low-toxicity pesticides for green control during the regreening stage, and an integrated control technology combining “one spray for three preventions” during the heading stage to manage wheat basal rot were recommended.

Lasioderma serricorne is a common pest in tobacco leaf processing and cigarette production. In order to understand the occurrence and damage characteristics of Lasioderma serricorne and take appropriate prevention and control measures for different scenarios, the research progress on the biological characteristics, damage, monitoring and control methods of Lasioderma serricorne were reviewed. The results showed that the reproductive generation and peak activity period of Lasioderma serricorne varied in different regions. The degree of damage in southern regions was higher than that in northern regions, and the degree of damage in high quality tobacco was higher than that in low quality tobacco. The methods for pest monitoring included manual statistics based on traps, image recognition, and electronic nose monitoring. There were 3 methods for the prevention and control of pest: physical control, chemical control, and biological control. Physical control included low-temperature treatment, high temperature treatment, vacuum conditioning, controlled atmosphere treatment, microwave treatment, and ultraviolet light trapping. Chemical control included fumigation, hormones, chemical insecticides, plant-derived insecticides, and plant essential oils. Biological control included bacterial control, fungal control, parasitic natural enemy control, RNA interference technology, and attractant. The research provides references for the integrated control of tobacco beetle.

Geographic Information System (GIS) technology plays an important role in modern forestry,The forestry construction practice was combined, the application of this technology in mordren forestry were summarized and analyzed. Its applications cover multiple aspects such as forest resource inventory and information management, forestry mapping, remote sensing image processing, forest logging design, afforestation planning and design, as well as forest fire and pest and diseases monitoring. In terms of forestry mapping, GIS technology has improved the accuracy and efficiency of mapping, providing strong support for forestry management. In addition, GIS technology also has functions such as data and image processing, providing important reference for forest logging and afforestation design. GIS technology also plays an irreplaceable role in forest protection and monitoring, especially in forest fire and pest monitoring, which can timely and accurately identify problems and take corresponding measures. In short, GIS technology has been widely applied in forestry production, providing scientific decision-making basis for forestry workers and promoting the development of modern forestry. With the continuous advancement of science and technology, GIS technology will play a more important role in forestry production.

The growth environment, especially soil conditions, has a significant impact on the quality of Chinese medicinal materials such as Gastrodia elata. The research progress on the characteristics of Gastrodia elata growth soil from aspects such as the soil types suitable for the growth of Gastrodia elata, as well as the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the growth soil was summarized. Gastrodia elata thrives in loose and moderately sandy loam. Yellow soil and yellow-brown soil are commonly suitable dominant soil types. Research on the physical properties of Gastrodia elata soil mainly focuses on soil moisture content. In addition, physical properties such as soil texture, porosity, water-holding capacity also affect the quality of Gastrodia elata. In terms of chemical properties, the suitable soil pH for Gastrodia elata is 4.00-6.30, and the organic matter content is 28.63-138.30 g/kg. Among them, phosphorus is crucial for the improvement of its yield and quality. During its cultivation process, effective measures should be focused on to increase the available phosphorus content in the soil. Heavy metals such as lead and arsenic, as well as macromolecular organic substances like valenoic acid and o-heptadecanoyl carnitine, are also its important chemical properties. In terms of biological characteristics, it mainly includes research on soil microbial structure and diversity. Crop rotation or fallow can restore microbial diversity. The application of lime, anti-continuous cropping agents and other improvement agents can regulate the microbial community structure to alleviate continuous cropping obstacles and increase yield.

Under the background of rural revitalization, the role of digital agriculture in promoting agricultural economic development was analyzed, including reducing agricultural production costs, improving agricultural product quality, enhancing agricultural product circulation efficiency, promoting industrial integration, and improving rural governance level. The current development status of digital agriculture were analyzed in three aspects: agricultural infrastructure, agricultural talent team, and digital agriculture technology. The effective ways for the development of digital agriculture were explored, including strengthening the construction of network information technology infrastructure, establishing a comprehensive digital agriculture industry chain system, cultivating versatile talents, and enhancing technology research and development as well as promotion and application. Intended to promote rural economic development, improve living standards, and boost rural industrial development through digital agricultural technology.

To screen soybean varieties suitable for planting in Jiaxiang County, Shandong Province, a regional comparative trial was conducted using 14 varieties, including Hedou 12, Jiadou 119, and Daoqiu 60, with Hedou 12 as the control (CK). The indicators such as growth period, agronomic traits, economic traits, disease resistance, yield, and quality were measured. The results showed that in the 2022 regional trial, the growth period of the varieties ranged from 92.6 to 107.9 days, plant height from 56.4 to 84.3 cm, effective pods per plant from 40.4 to 68.9, grains per plant from 86.8 to 139.8, grain weight per plant from 20.2 to 28.9 g, and 100-seed weight from 17.4 to 29.1 g. Traits such as grain shape, seed coat color, seed luster, hilum color, purple-brown spot rate, and insect damage rate all performed well. Except for Xiangxing 4 and Xiangxing 919, all other varieties exhibited resistance or high resistance to soybean mosaic virus strains SC-3 and SC-7, the yields were 180.80 - 229.08 kg/667 m². Based on the 2022 regional trial, Shengdi 16, Daoqiu 60, Jiadou 119, and Jundou 12 were selected for their moderate growth period, excellent agronomic and economic traits, and higher yields, and were advanced to the 2023 regional trial. The two year regional trial results showed that Shengdi 16, Daoqiu 60, Jiadou 119, and Jundou 12 exhibited high and stable yields, with yields over the two years increasing by 5.06% to 6.08% compared to CK. Their protein content ranged from 39.83% to 41.54%, and crude fat content from 18.98% to 20.97%. In conclusion, Shengdi 16, Daoqiu 60, Jiadou 119, and Jundou 12 demonstrated superior overall performance and were recommended for production trials.

To study the effects of bio-assisted fermentation on neutral odorant components and sensory quality of Yunnan cigar tobacco, 9 exogenous bioenzyme preparations including glucoamylase (GAL type) and 3 microorganisms including Bacillus pumilus were used for auxiliary fermentation. Using sterile water treatment as a control (CK), the content of aromatic compounds was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and sensory quality evaluation was conducted. The results showed that 28 kinds of neutral aroma compounds were determined, including 4 kinds of phenylalanine conversion products, 2 kinds of non-enzymatic brown reaction products, 1 kind of siberane degradation products, 8 kinds of carotenoid degradation products, 1 kind of chlorophyll degradation products and 12 kinds of other kinds of compounds. Bio-assisted fermentation was beneficial to the accumulation of phenylalanine conversion products, siparane degradation products and chlorophyll degradation products, but not conducive to the accumulation of carotenoid degradation products. In terms of sensory evaluation,except for the treatment with aminopeptidase and lipase, the sensory quality scores of the remaining processed samples were higher than CK, and the sensory quality scores of the samples treated with neutral protease and Bacillus subtilis were higher, mainly in the aspects of enhancing the richness of cigar flavor, improving smoke texture, reducing stinging and staining, and improving aftertaste. The use of biotechnology to assist the fermentation of Yunnan cigar tobacco had great potential to improve its chemical composition and sensory quality. This study provides a reference for artificial intervention in the fermentation of cloud cigar tobacco.

In order to screen the yeast used for fermentation of blueberry wine, TTC staining method and Duchenne tubule fermentation method were used to screen the yeast on the surface of blueberry fruits in this study, the screened bacterial strains were identified by molecular biology and their growth curves were determined. Culture temperature, initial pH, glucose, ethanol and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) were used as influencing factors. The fermentation performance was investigated. The results showed that 16 yeast strains were isolated and purified from the surface of blueberry fruit, and 1 yeast strain ZL01 was selected, which was suitable for the subsequent tests. The strain ZL01 was identified as Hanseniaspora uvarum by molecular biological identification and phylogenetic tree analysis. The fermentation performance results showed that the optimum growth temperature and pH of strain ZL01 were 28 ℃ and 5, respectively. The strain could grow at pH 2 or 38 ℃, and could tolerate 250 g/L glucose, 9% ethanol, and 250 mg/L SO₂. In conclusion, strain ZL01 has the potential to be applied to the fermentation of blueberry wine.

The soybean planting history in Northern Anhui Province is long and it is one of the important soybean production bases. The current situation and the link to be further improved of soybean production in this region were elaborated, its industrial development strategy was proposed. The soil and climate conditions in this area were suitable, with diverse soybean varieties and coordinated industrial development; further improvement was needed in terms of production infrastructure, variety application, and cultivation techniques. Based on this, strategies for industrial development were proposed including strengthening the construction of agricultural infrastructure and maintain various facilities; breeding and promote high-yield, high-quality, and highly resistant soybean varieties; actively exploring high-yield cultivation techniques such as scientific fertilization and green pest control; strengthening training, promoting fully mechanized soybean cultivation, and exploring upstream, midstream, and downstream industries forming industrial clusters, and other industrial development. This article provides references for soybean production and industrial development in Northern Anhui Province.

To screen high yield and high quality hybrid rice varieties suitable for planting in the Chizhou region of Anhui Province, a trial was conducted on 20 hybrid rice varieties, including Quanyou 5438, Fliangyou 1252, and Wuliangyouyuzhan. The growth period, plant vigor, resistance, yield, and yield components of the varieties were analyzed. The results showed that the full growth period of the tested varieties ranged from 132 to 141 days. Among them, Wuliangyouyuzhan, Tailiangyouxiangwu, Liangyou 517, and Jiuliangyou No.9 exhibited moderate growth vigor, while the others showed vigorous growth. All varieties demonstrated strong lodging and disease resistance. In terms of yield and yield components, plant height ranged from 97.8 to 123.2 cm, effective panicles per hectare from 2.035 to 3.192 million/hm², total grains per panicle from 179.1 to 320.3, grain density from 7.6 to 12.8 grains/cm, seed-setting rate from 72.0% to 93.0%, and 1 000-grain weight from 19.6 to 26.6 g. Notably, Liangyou 1976, Xiangliangyou 998, Jiuliangyousimiao, Quanliangyou 532, and Ningliangyou 1513 achieved higher yields of 12.2, 12.1, 12.0, 11.9, and 11.9 t/hm², respectively.In conclusion, Liangyou 1976, Xiangliangyou 998, Jiuliangyousimiao, Quanliangyou 532, and Ningliangyou 1513 exhibited suitable growth periods, moderate plant height, vigorous growth, well-balanced yield structure, strong adaptability, disease resistance, and stress tolerance. The trial results provide a reference for the introduction and production of hybrid rice varieties in the related regions.

Monitoring plots of different soil types were set up in the study area to investigate the dynamic changes of soil fertility and its effects on crop biomass under conventional fertilization and non-fertilization measures. A representative monitoring plot was selected in a typical yellow soil distribution area to carry out field experiments on soil fertility cultivation technology models, such as organic fertilizer cultivation, green fertilizer return to field, and straw return to field, etc. The main factors affecting soil fertility and the key factors of soil fertility cultivation under different soil fertility cultivation technology models were studied. The results showed that among the 5 different soil types, the lime soil cultivated land had the highest fertilizer amount, and the organic fertilizer input was lower and the fertilizer input was higher. The thickness of arable layer was larger than that of paddy field in dry land. The contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, quick available potassium, and slow available potassium were all at high to medium level. In the process of cultivation and ripening, the soil properties of yellow brown soil may be inconsistent with those of natural soil formation due to human factors. Under the condition of conventional fertilization, the yield increase of purple soil cultivated land was remarkable. The grain yield and straw yield of fresh corn in the green fertilizer area were the highest by implementing the typical soil fertility cultivation technology model. The soil nutrient levels were at a higher or high level; soil fertility cultivation technology model significantly increased the content of soil microbial biomass carbon and soil microbial biomass nitrogen, and the application of organic fertilizer had the greatest effect on the increase of soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen.

The effects of green manure on soil microorganisms and physicochemical properties, corn yield, and quality were summarized and analyzed, based on relevant literature and work practice. By rolling or intercropping green manure crops, the organic matter and microbial content in the soil can be increased, its physical and chemical properties can be improved, and its water and fertilizer retention capacity can be enhanced; The application of green manure can promote the growth of corn, increase its grain yield, and also have a certain promoting effect on its quality traits such as amino acids and proteins. Different types of green manure have different effects on soil physical and chemical properties and corn growth. Suitable green manure crops should be selected based on soil fertility conditions, production goals, etc. to improve the yield and quality of corn.

Based on spatial syntax theory, the Depthmap 10 software was used to draw the axis model of Xiyuan Park, and 4 parameters of integration degree, selection degree, cooperation degree, and intelligibility degree were used to conduct quantitative analysis of Xiyuan Park, and the optimization strategy for its landscape was proposed. The results showed that the global integration degree and selection degree values of the landscape avenue at the Qunlu Square in the central of the park were the highest, while the integration degree values in the south and north were low. Apart from the main roads, which had high choice values, the remaining roads within the park showed relatively low choice values. The park’s synergy value was low, suggesting a lack of tight connectivity between certain spaces and the overall layout, with some local spaces appearing isolated. Additionally, the low intelligibility value implies that visitors may find it challenging to ascertain their location within the park. Drawing upon the quantitative analysis and site-specific investigations, the problems existing in the landscape nodes of the park were sorted out, and regional optimization strategies such as entrance landscape area, leisure square area and ecological leisure area were proposed. This paper can provide a reference for urban park optimization design.

To study the field control effect of 7 pesticides such as mancozeb 80%WP and chloroisobromine cyanuric acid 50%WP on peach bacterial shot hole. Peach trees were taken as the research object, and no pesticide was applied as control (CK). Two groups of pesticides combinations were designed for treatment zone I (mancozincb 80%WP 700 times + chloroisobromine cyanuric acid 50%WP 1 500 times + mesocin 3%WP 600 times + thiazolium zinc 30%SC 750 times) and treatment zone II (copper quinoline 33.5%SC 1 500 times + tiametrone 3%ME 1 500 times + tetracycin 0.3%AS 500 times + thiazolium zinc 30%SC 750 times) to carry out field control tests. The rate of diseased leaf, disease index, prevention effect of diseased leaf, and diseased finger were determined, and the safety was observed.The results showed that the rates of diseased leaves in treatment area I and II were 3.41% and 4.49%, respectively, and the disease index were 0.51 and 0.91, the control effects of diseased leaves were 71.75% and 62.80%, and the control effects of diseased fingers were 83.28% and 70.16%, respectively. The results indicated that the alternate application of chemical agents had a good effect on the prevention and control of peach bacterial shot hole. This study provides a reference for the prevention and treatment of peach bacterial shot hole.

To analyze the effect of selenium-rich yeast on the physicochemical properties and flavor of blueberry wine during fermentation, an exogenous selenium supply method was used to determine the selenium enrichment ability of 4 types of yeast, such as AG1, AG2, and LM. The yeast with the best selenium enrichment effect was selected for blueberry wine fermentation, and the physicochemical indicators such as amino acid nitrogen, total acid, and pH of the fermentation broth were measured along with the main flavor compounds during the fermentation process. The results showed that AG2 (15 mg/L) had the best selenium enrichment effect, during the fermentation of blueberry wine, the contents of amino acid nitrogen and total acid in blueberry wine increased, and the highest contents were 6.2 and 7.6 g/L on the 20th day of fermentation, respectively; pH decreased slowly at first and then tended to be stable; at the initial stage of fermentation (2-6 d), the reducing sugar content in blueberry wine decreased rapidly, and then became stable. With the extension of fermentation time, the alcohol content of fermented liquor increased first and then remained unchanged, and the highest alcohol content was 13.8 %vol on the 10th day. There were some similarities and differences in the types and relative contents of the main flavor substances in the fermentation of blueberry wine inoculated with the yeast. Both of them used isoamyl alcohol, phenyl ethanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, and 2, 3-butanediol to exert flavor. The results provide references for further research on the mechanism of selenium enrichment in blueberry wine.

The practical application of smart agricultural technologies was explored in agricultural planting, production management, and other aspects in agricultural production. The effectiveness of the development of smart agriculture with Yunnan Plateau characteristics were analyzed, including the gradual elongation of the agricultural industry chain, significant effects of modular management, and outstanding achievements in independent innovation. The areas that need further improvement was explored in infrastructure construction, key technology research and development, and professional talent reserve for the development of smart agriculture. Taking tobacco, flowers, coffee, tea, and seed industries as research objects, the development strategies of key industries were analyzed in high-altitude smart agriculture, including the application of Internet of Things technology to develop the tobacco industry, the application of industrial Internet of Things technology to develop the flower industry, the construction of a traceable system to develop the tea and coffee industries, and the rational utilization and protection of seed industry resources. This article provided references for promoting the transformation, upgrading, and industrialization development of plateau characteristic agriculture, and promoting the revitalization of rural industries.

The causes of common diseases and pests in corn planting process were summarized and analyzed, and corresponding control measures according to the types of common diseases and pests were put forward. In the process of corn production, soil nutrient deficiency and light insufficiency, excessive water and other factors will lead to the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. The common diseases in corn production included Puccinia sorghi, Bipolaris maydis, Exserohilum turcicum, Sphacelotheca reiliana; common pests included Spodoptera frugiperda, Ostrinis furnacalis and Rhopalosiphum maidis. Based on the occurrence characteristics of diseases and pests, the rule and the way of transmission were put forward, such as cleaning up diseased plants and weeds, selecting disease-resistant varieties and applying chemical agents, biological bacteria and other pest control measures. The research results provides references for the control of diseases and pests in large-scale corn production.

To further summarized and analyzed the comprehensive development and utilization of Eucommia ulmoides key fruit for sexual reproduction, its biological morphology, main chemical components,Eucommia ulmoides seed oil, Eucommia ulmoides gum, related industry applications, and pharmacological effects were investigated. The biological morphology of Eucommia ulmoides key fruit was rich, the main chemical components included lignans, iridoids, flavonoids,and phenolic compounds, which contain various amino acids, crude fibers, and microorganisms. At present, the application of Eucommia ulmoides key fruit mainly relied on the separation and purification of Eucommia ulmoides key fruit to obtain Eucommia ulmoides seed oil and Eucommia ulmoides gum, realizing its wide application in food, cosmetics, chemical industry, and medicine. This plant contains fatty acids, chlorogenic acid, and aucubin, which have pharmacological effects such as preventing osteoporosis, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, analgesic, lowering blood pressure and blood lipids, enhancing immunity, antioxidant, diuretic, and choleretic effects, and is one of the important medicinal and edible resources. This research provided a reference for the comprehensive development and utilization of Eucommia ulmoides key fruit.

Aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) is a kind of Aflatoxin (AFs), which mainly exists in mouldy feed.To understand the research progress of exogenous compounds that can mitigate the toxic effects of AFB₁, this paper describes the physicochemical properties of AFs and AFB₁, as well as the metabolic detoxification process of AFB₁ in vivo, and combs out 8 exogenous compounds that can alleviate AFB₁ poisoning, such as curcumin, vitamin E and yeast selenium, and their mechanisms of action. AFs is a kind of toxin produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. The liver is the main target organ, which has strong carcinogenic, malformation and mutagenicity. Among them, AFB₁ is the most toxic, which can cause oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, gene mutation and immune system damage, etc. In animals, it is mainly metabolized and detoxicated by enzymes such as CYP450s. The common mechanism of action of exogenous compounds such as curcumin is to inhibit or induce the activity of metabolic enzymes in vivo, change the metabolic rate and pathway of toxins, and alleviate the oxidative stress state of animals, so as to slow down the toxic effects of AFB₁. This paper provides references for screening new detoxification drugs and clinical treatment of animal AFB₁ poisoning.

To screen out the most efficient combination of control agents for the prevention and control of wheat diseases in the middle to late stages, 7 new agents such as 18.7% propyrimidin suspension（Yangsui） and 6 conventional agents such as 50% benzoyl propiconazole aqueous emulsion（Yingyue） were applied at jointing booting stage, heading and flowering stage and blooming stage, respectively, with no application of drugs as blank control. The prevention and control effects of Fusarium head blight in the middle to late stage of wheat were investigated, and the safety and yield of wheat were observed. The results showed that each treatment combination was safe for wheat growth under experimental doses, had good control on scab, powdery mildew and rust in the middle to later stages of wheat, and had good yield increase effect. Among them, the T₂ treatment (Jointing and booting stage used Yangsui 750 mL/hm²+ Licheng 300 mL/hm²+ Alika 150 mL/hm²+ Yishibang 750 mL/hm²; Heading and flowering used Maitian 900 mL/hm²+ Maitian partner 600 mL/hm²+ Alika 150 mL/hm²+ Yishiduojin 750 mL/hm²; Flowering used Maitian 900 mL/hm²+ Maitian partner 600 mL/hm²+ Yishiduojin 750 mL/hm²) had the best control effect and the highest wheat yield. In conclusion, different agents were used in the common areas of wheat Fusarium head blight could effectively control wheat disease and delay the development of its drug resistance.

Based on the practice of belt shaped composite planting of soybean and corn,the advantages and key points of its planting technology were summarized and analyzed, the problems in the application of the technology were pointed, and specific application strategies were propoesd. The spatial layout of soybean corn strip intercropping is reasonable, which is conducive to improving land use efficiency, increasing crop yield, and improving the ecological environment. The key cultivation techniques of this model include planting model selection, variety selection, suitable sowing, reasonable fertilization, chemical weed control, chemical pest control, and mechanical harvesting. In terms of production, this model currently has issues such as differences in sowing and harvesting machinery, inconsistent occurrence of pests, diseases, and weeds, and inconsistent prevention and control agents; in this regard, it is proposed to strengthen cooperative research and development, accelerate the development of new specialized machinery, improve the adaptability of machinery, select corn varieties resistant to soybean herbicides, strengthen the development of new pesticides, and thereby pay attention to field management and assist in achieving double harvests in one field. This article provides a reference for further promoting the belt shaped composite planting technology of soybean and corn.

The current teaching situation of Food Additives course was analyzed from 3 aspects: teaching methods, ideological and political elements, and assessment and evaluation, and the blended teaching reform practice was carried out based on the Chaoxing Learning Platform. Firstly, a teaching model that combined online and offline was adopted, which effectively stimulated students’ interest and initiative in learning through chapter guidance, pre-class task assignment, classroom knowledge expansion and discussion, as well as online exercise release and refinement. Secondly, the ideological and political elements were explored of the curriculum, and achieved the ideological and political goals of the curriculum through education and entertainment. Finally, an achievement evaluation system was adopted, focusing on the output of results. Practice had shown that under this teaching model, the teaching effectiveness and overall evaluation score of the course had been significantly improved. Provided references for the reform and innovation of the teaching system of Food Quality and Safety major courses.

To accelerate the high quality production of wheat in Hexian, Anhui Province, suitable wheat varieties for local planting were selected, including 10 varieties such as Ningmai 13 and Zhenmai 15, for demonstration experiments. Ningmai 13 was used as a control to comprehensively investigate the growth period, agronomic traits, morphological resistance, and yield characteristics of each variety. The results indicated that the entire growth period of each variety was between 200-212 days. In terms of agronomic traits, the plant height ranges from 73.3 to 87.4 cm, the ear length ranges from 6.8 to 10.4 cm, the number of grains per ear ranges from 33.6 to 39.8, the thousand grain weight ranges from 36.1 to 43.8 g, and the effective ear count ranges from 4.245 million to 5.775 million ears per hectare. In terms of resistance, 7 varieties including Ningmai 24, Ningmai 26, and Zhenmai 12 had strong lodging resistance, while Zhenmai 18, Yangmai 34, and Zhenmai 15 had better resistance to Fusarium head blight. The top 3 wheat varieties in terms of yield are Zhenmai 18 (6 789.0 kg/hm²), Yangmai 34 (6 762.0 kg/hm²), and Zhenmai 15 (6 724.5 kg/hm²), which increased yield by 12.5% to 13.5% compared to the CK. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the growth period, agronomic traits, resistance, and yield performance of various varieties, Zhenmai 18, Yangmai 34, and Zhenmai 15 were selected to perform well under the climatic conditions of the experimental field in that year.

Based on the production practice in the research area, the efficient cultivation and management technology system of Illicium verum forest from the aspects of grafting seedling (scion collection, rootstock selection and preparation, grafting methods, and seedling management), afforestation (forest selection, land preparation, density selection, and planting), young forest management, forest management (weeding, fertilization, reclamation, forest intercropping, and density control), pest control, and fruit harvesting and processing were explored and summarized in this article. The purpose was to increase the yield of Illicium verum forest and provided references for the sustainable development of related industries.

To evaluate the nutritional value of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) derived from various raw materials, 30 DDGS samples were classified into 5 groups based on their raw material sources and crude protein content: rice DDGS, corn DDGS (Ⅰ), corn DDGS (Ⅱ), low-proportion cassava DDGS (CP > 18%), and high-proportion cassava DDGS (CP < 18%). The nutritional composition and predicted energy values were compared among these groups. Additionally, 5 representative DDGS samples were selected for further analysis of their gross energy, enzyme hydrolysate gross energy (EHGE), and digestibility determined by simulated digestion method.The results demonstrated that as the cassava substitution ratio increased, the crude protein and crude fat content of cassava DDGS gradually decreased, while crude fiber and crude ash content increased. Furthermore, model-predicted energy analysis revealed a significant decline in energy value with higher cassava substitution ratios, indicating poorer quality. Simulated digestion experiments confirmed that the energy value and digestibility of cassava DDGS decreased as the cassava substitution ratio rose.In conclusion, low-proportion cassava DDGS, with its high crude protein content and superior digestibility, is suitable as a quality protein source. Conversely, high-proportion cassava DDGS, characterized by elevated crude fiber and crude ash content, is less suitable for monogastric animals due to reduced nutrient utilization but can serve as a cost-effective roughage for ruminants.

In order to explore the planting performance of different rice varieties under different microclimate conditions in the low altitude areas of Eastern Guizhou Province, 51 rice varieties including Chuanguyou 1378 were selected to conduct display experiments in Tangtou base in the west and Bahuang base in the east of Tongren City, Guizhou Province. The growth period, planting performance, and yield indicators of each rice variety were analyzed. The results showed that microclimate differences had an impact on rice planting performance and yield, and the changes in growth period were influenced by the three-dimensional climate of the planting area and related to variety adaptability; There were differences in planting performance such as plant height and panicle length among different rice varieties, among which the seed setting rate was lower in the western base than in the eastern base. The measured yield of 43 exhibited varieties in the western base was higher than that in the eastern base, with an increase of 9.0-7 047.0 kg/hm². The yield of 7 varieties planted in the western base was lower than that in the eastern base, with a decrease of 60.0-3 979.5 kg/hm². Based on the performance of various varieties in terms of growth period, agronomic traits, and yield, it was selected that Jiuyou 27 Zhan, Yixiangyou 800, and Zhongjiuyou 2 were suitable for promoting planting in the low altitude western region of Eastern Guizhou Province, Jingliangyou 1206, Jingyou 312, Weiliangyouyuzhan, and Aofuyou 287 were suitable for promoting planting in the low altitude eastern region of Eastern Guizhou Province.

To meet the market demand for fresh Chrysanthemum and solve the problem of single season production. The annual production and planting techniques of fresh Chrysanthemum were summarized and analyzed, from the aspects of harvesting, cutting, planting, heart picking, and maintenance based on the production practice of Huangqiu of fresh Chrysanthemum. By arranging a batch of planting seedlings every month to adjust the harvest crop, setting up a suitable ear picking nursery, and using one year old mother plants for optimal ear insertion, utilizing greenhouse automation facilities, combined with temperature, humidity, and light control, the rooting of cuttings was promoted. Choose suitable substrate bags for planting and determine whether to pick the heart based on the intended use of edible chrysanthemums. Reasonable management of water and fertilizer, prevention and control of pests and diseases, control of lighting and temperature during the production process. By implementing management details such as framing, sprouting, removing buds, and bagging, the safe production of fresh Chrysanthemum can be achieved. The purpose is to achieve annual production of fresh Chrysanthemum and provide references for its production, cultivation, and promotion.

The resource of Chloranthaceae is rich, most of which can be used for medicinal purposes. Through the sorting and analysis of the Chloranthaceae plant specimens preserved in the Chinese Virtual Herbarium and related literature, the current status of resources, distribution, altitude, habitat, and utilization of the species in the Guizhou Province region had been understood. The results indicate that there were 2 genera and 12 species of Chloranthaceae in this region area, which were vertically distributed between 150 to 2 300 meters in altitude, with a higher species richness in mid-altitude areas; among them, Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai and Chloranthus henryi Hemsl.had a relatively wide distribution, often growing in valleys or on moist slopes at the foot of mountains, with significant differences in associated plants. The Chloranthaceae plants are often described as pungent, bitter, and warm, with slight toxicity, and their efficacy such as detoxifying and relieving pain, dispelling wind and removing dampness and promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis are more common, commonly being used by ethnic minorities as a regular medication for treating rheumatism, swelling, pain, and traumatic injuries. The research provided a reference for the rational exploration and utilization of Chloranthaceae plant resources.