The distribution of pests during rice cultivation is characterized by small scale and high density, making identification challenging. This article was based on deep learning and the classic YOLOv8s lightweight model was used to train and recognize 14 types of rice pests, including rice leaf roller, rice leaf caterpillar, and rice stem maggot, etc. The model training and verification results were obtained. The training results showed that the model has good convergence speed and stability; the verification results indicated that the model has good performance, with the recognition accuracy of 0.788, the recall rate of 0.721, and the recognition accuracy of 0.809, mAP@0.5 of 0.772 for 14 rice pests. Overall, the model had good performance and can meet the requirements of rice pest detection. The research results provide references for the identification of rice pest.

To identify suitable soybean varieties for cultivation in the Northern Henan Province, Zheng 196 as control, 33 soybean varieties including Xiangxing 166 were selected as experimental materials. The growth period, field characteristics, agronomic traits, and yield of each variety were systematically compared. The results indicated that the growth period for all varieties ranged from 107 to 112 days. Leaf shapes were uniformly oval, with flower colors being either white or purple, and fluff colors being brown or gray. Pod formation habits were categorized as limited or sub-limited, while plant types were semi-open or convergent. In terms of agronomic traits, plant heights varied from 59.7 to 113.3 cm, basal pod heights from 4.9 to 25.5 cm, main stem nodes per plant from 13.8 to 22.8, effective branches per plant from 0.4 to 6.5, effective pods per plant from 34.0 to 178.6, seeds per plant from 75.1 to 311.1, and grain weight per plant from 14.4 to 59.2 g. The 100-grain weight ranged from 15.3 to 25.0 g. Soybean yields ranged from 1 978.55 kg/hm² to 3 107.09 kg/hm². Considering growth period, field characteristics, agronomic traits, and yield, Pudou 7014, Heshu 21, and Xuke bean 12 demonstrated superior performance, achieving yields of 2 964.30, 2 942.85, and 2 928.60 kg/hm², respectively. Compared to the CK, these varieties showed yield increases of 20.12%, 19.25%, and 18.67%, respectively. It is recommended to continue regional trials in this study area.

By comparing the phenological period and fruit quality of 10 blueberry varieties including Gulfcoast, Jubilee, and Will, the introduction performance of these varieties in Kaili, Guizhou Province, was investigated. The results showed that all tested varieties could bloom and bear fruit normally in the area, with good appearance quality, maturity, and taste and flavor of Will, Jubilee, Sweetheart, Onslow, and Vernon. Gulfcoast and Jubilee mature early and could fill the gap in the local market. Due to its red fruit and unique fragrance, Pink Lemonade could be grown in combination in tourist parks; Vernon and Onslow mature relatively late and had a sweet and sour taste, making them suitable for planting as late maturing varieties or for jam processing. The research results provided references for optimizing and adjusting the variety layout of blueberry industry in Kaili area.

In order to select new summer maize varieties suitable for cultivation in Northwest Anhui Province, 106 maize varieties including Dongdan 6531, Fengda 611, Hua’anyu No.2, Dongdan 1971, Hua’anyu and Dongdan 905 were used as experimental materials, among which 33 varieties such as Dongdan 6531 and Hefengda 611 were planted at 60 000 plants /hm², 56 varieties such as Hua’anyu No.5 and Dongdan 1971 were planted at 75 000 plants /hm², and 17 varieties such as Hua’anyu No.5 and Dongdan 905 were planted at 90 000 plants /hm². The results showed that there were 7 excellent varieties in 60 000 plants /hm² density group (Fengda 611, Fengdecunyu 13, Quankeyu 900, Jingnongke 767, Ruihuayu 3, Ruihuayu 288 and Gushenyu 6). 15 excellent varieties (Fengda 602, Nongyu 662, Quanke 789, Fuyu 188, Yanyu 604, Shuoqiu 702, ZY806, Kangnongyu 889, Mingtian 695, Mingtian 636V2, Xianyu 1773, Denghai 1717, Hangyan 9013, K1998 and Dika 653) in the density group of 75 000 plants /hm²; There were 5 excellent varieties in 90 000 plants /hm² density group (Shuoyu 551, TH3366, Zhongkenyu 561, Jingnongyu 658 and Luyan 106). The above varieties can be further planted for demonstration in the study area.

A comparative analysis was conducted between agricultural soil survey data from the 1980s and over 20 000 soil pH samples from the soil testing and formula fertilization project (2010s) in the study area. The trends in soil pH variation, causes of soil acidification, primary control technologies, and appropriate soil improvement measures were explored. The results showed that the average value of soil pH in the study area showed a decreasing trend from 1980s to 2010s, the proportion of neutral soil decreased by 13.1%, the proportion of acidic soil increased by 14.4%, and the proportion of soil area decreased by 1 unit of soil pH accounted for 24.48%. The analysis showed that the accelerated soil acidification was caused by many factors such as the application of soil parent material and chemical fertilizer, land use mode, acid rain, and the reduction of the application amount of alkaline substances such as plant ash. Based on the causes of soil acidification, the current technology of soil acidification resistance and control was discussed, including alkaline neutralization technology, organic fertilizer replacing fertilizer technology, agricultural engineering measures to reduce and control stains, and green fertilizer + biological fertilizer improvement technology.The soil improvement measures suitable for the actual situation of the study area were put forward, including adding alkaline substances such as lime, organic ash and residue and increasing organic fertilizer.

Y Liangyou 919 is an indica two-line hybrid rice variety selected from Y58S as the female parent and R919 as the male parent，the characteristics of its parents and high-yield seed production techniques were introduced. Y58S is a widely adaptable rice photoperiod temperature sensitive sterile line with excellent compatibility and high breeding yield; R919 is a dominant recovery line with lodging resistance, disease resistance and strong coordination force. Y Liangyou 919 can be used for post tobacco seed production in areas with an altitude of 300-500 meters in Northwest Fujian Province. The high-yield seed production techniques includes reasonable arrangement of the sowing time difference between the father and mother plants, with the father plant sowing in mid May and the mother plant sowing in mid June being suitable; choose fields that are windward and sunny, have convenient drainage and irrigation, and have a medium to high fertility level as seedling fields. Use appropriate sowing rates, soak seeds with disinfectants, apply sufficient base fertilizer, and timely and appropriate topdressing. Scientifically manage water and prevent diseases, pests, and weeds in a timely manner to cultivate strong seedlings; after harvesting tobacco leaves, timely plow and weed the fields, and transplant them, with a parent to child ratio of 1∶8; the full fertility period of the field, shallow water transplanting, inch water greening, thin water tillering, sufficient sun drying of seedlings, inch water booting, and dry and wet strong seeds should be achieved; apply sufficient basal fertilizer and apply appropriate topdressing according to the growth of the seedlings; timely prevention and control of diseases and pests such as rice sheath blight, rice leaf roller, and neck blight based on the actual situation in the field and local pest and disease monitoring; the ideal flowering period for seed production of this variety should meet the standard that the male parent’s initial flowering period is 2 days later than the female parent’s, and should be adjusted in a timely manner according to the actual situation in the field; when the number of spikes reaches 25% to 30%, spray “920” plant growth regulator to ensure uniformity and pollination, and improve the fruiting rate; timely remove impurities and maintain purity, eliminate premature and abnormal plants; after the flowering is completed, promptly cut off the male parent and harvest 90% of the seeds in the field when they are ripe. This article provides references for high-yield seed production and promotion planting of hybrid rice.

The key cultivation techniques of Passiflora edulis Sims were summarized and analyzed based on its production practice in the research area. During the planting period, site selection, soil preparation, bottom fertilization, scaffolding and seedling management were completed. During the growth period, the techniques of bud erasing, top picking and pruning were put forward, while also implementing timely fertilizer and water management as well as disease and pest control. Harvesting period, combined with different maturity periods for harvesting and storage preservation. The research results provided references for high-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques of Passiflora edulis Sims and the development of related industries.

A variety comparison experiment on 9 soybean varieties, including Zhengdou 196, Pudou 206, and Qihuang 34 was conducted in Nanyang City, Henan Province. The growth process, plant traits, seed traits, and yield were analyzed as indicators. The results showed that the top 5 varieties in terms of yield in the experimental field were Qihuang 34 (4 325.3 kg/hm²), Zhonghuang 37 (4 015.6 kg/hm²), Pudou 206 (3 871.2 kg/hm²), Zhoudou 46 (3 816.3 kg/hm²), and Zhonghuang 61(3 425.6 kg/hm²), with a total growth period of 110-117 days. In terms of plant type, except for Zhoudou 46 which was compact, the other four varieties were convergent. Except for Pudou 206 and Zhonghuang 37, which had sub limited pod setting characteristics, the rest had limited pod setting habits. In terms of seed characteristics, Zhoudou 46 had yellow round and brown navel seeds, while Qihuang 34 had yellow oval and black navel seeds. The other three varieties had yellow oval and brown navel seeds. Except for Qihuang 34, which had no luster, the other four varieties show a faint or glossy appearance. This indicates that the agronomic and yield structure factors of five varieties, including Zhengdou 196, are relatively coordinated and can be promoted for planting in the study area and similar ecological locations.

To strengthen the rural talent team, improve agricultural production technology, industrial development capabilities, and farmers’ management and business abilities, the basic situation and training content of cultivating high-quality agricultural farmers in Fengyang County of Anhui Province was analyzed in the past 3 years (2021-2023), as well as the problems in resource allocation, actual needs, and cultivation effects. Based on the cultivation experience, a series of optimization measures were proposed. 7 institutions, including Agricultural Radio and Television School, Agricultural Science Research Institute, and local colleges, were responsible for cultivating and teaching in this area. The training courses were divided into 3 categories: professional production type, skill service type, and business management type. The training content includes business management, professional production, and skill service. The number of participants and training courses are increasing year by year, and the cultural quality of participants is improving year by year. Optimization measures includes optimizing resource investment and integrating institutions, matching training content and needs, evaluating the effectiveness of farmer training, increasing farmers’ participation and enthusiasm in training, strengthening the role of demonstration and leadership, improving the efficiency of fund utilization, optimizing training institutions, and strengthening the construction of teaching staff. The practical results showed that vigorously cultivating high-quality farmers is conducive to promoting rural economic development, increasing famers’ income.

The characteristics, suitable planting areas, cultivation techniques, and high-yield seed production techniques of Quanxiangyou 89 were summarized and analyzed based on its production practice. This variety is planted in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and exhibits characteristics such as suitable growth period, excellent rice quality, and high-yield; it is suitable for planting in areas with low incidence of rice blast disease, such as Pingba hilly rice growing areas in Sichuan Province and mid to low altitude indica rice growing areas in Yunnan Province. The high-yield cultivation techniques include early sowing in time and cultivating multi-tiller seedling; heavy application of bottom fertilizer, timely topdressing; dry and wet alternate pipe water and timely pest control. High-yield seed production techniques include post tobacco seed production in areas with an altitude of 250-500 meters; according to the different seed production seasons, ensure that the parental sowing difference period is between 6.5 and 7.5 leaves; soaking seeds with pesticides, spraying paclobutrazol, etc., to promote the health, dwarfism, and multiple tillering of seedlings; arranging a parent to parent ratio of 1∶8; managing fertilizer and water according to the growth of seedlings in the field; timely prevention and control of diseases and pests such as neck blight and rice planthopper based on actual field investigations and local pest and disease reports; adopting the method of young ear peeling to predict flowering period, it is advisable to use the same period as the parents in the early stage of young ear differentiation; spraying gibberellin when the panicle reaches 15%; pay attention to removing impurities and maintaining purity throughout the entire seed production process; harvesting begins when 75% of the seeds are ripe and dried promptly after harvesting. This article provides references for the demonstration and promotion of high-yield seed production techniques for Quanxiangyou 89.

The species, host plants, damage parts，damage degree and community composition of leaf-eating pests of garden plants in Chongming District of Shanghai were investigated by detailed investigation method and spot investigation method. The results showed that there were 122 species in 24 families, including 21 families, 118 species and 4 dominant species of Lepidoptera, 3 families, 4 species and 2 dominant species of Hymenoptera. In terms of the degree of harm, there were 79 minor (+) species, accounting for 64.75%; 37 species with moderate (++) damage, accounting for 30.33%; 6 species with damage (+++), accounting for 4.92%. There were many species of leaf-eating pests in the study area, but their composition and structure were relatively simple, and the species that could cause serious damage were mainly concentrated in a few families. In view of the harmful characteristics of leaf-eating pests of garden plants in this area, the comprehensive control strategy of leaf-eating pests of garden plants was proposed. The control strategy of leaf-eating pests of garden plants should adhere to the principle of “prevention first and comprehensive control”, and improve the insect-resistant ability of garden plants based on the forest management measures of resistant tree species. At the same time, the occurrence law of pests should be mastered and appropriate comprehensive control measures should be taken in time, to reduce the scope of occurrence of pests, reduce the degree of harm of pests. This study provided a reference for the control of garden plant leaf-eating pests in this area and ecologically similar areas.

Wheat basal rot is a disease that has occurred in wheat fields in recent years, particularly in corn-wheat continuous cropping fields, where it has shown a trend of increasing severity, causing a reduction in this plant yield and quality to some extent. To understand the occurrence characteristics of this disease and effectively control its spread and minimize damage, based on the wheat production practice in Lingbi County, Anhui Province, the occurrence, damage symptoms, disease characteristics, and influencing factors of this disease rot were analyzed through years of field investigations and a review of relevant literature. On this basis, the health cultivation as the basis were proposed, including the selection of resistant varieties, crop rotation, appropriate deep plowing, removal of straw from the field, precision seeding, and balanced fertilization. Additionally, seed treatment with chemicals during the wheat sowing period, the use of highly effective and low-toxicity pesticides for green control during the regreening stage, and an integrated control technology combining “one spray for three preventions” during the heading stage to manage wheat basal rot were recommended.

Geographic Information System (GIS) technology plays an important role in modern forestry,The forestry construction practice was combined, the application of this technology in mordren forestry were summarized and analyzed. Its applications cover multiple aspects such as forest resource inventory and information management, forestry mapping, remote sensing image processing, forest logging design, afforestation planning and design, as well as forest fire and pest and diseases monitoring. In terms of forestry mapping, GIS technology has improved the accuracy and efficiency of mapping, providing strong support for forestry management. In addition, GIS technology also has functions such as data and image processing, providing important reference for forest logging and afforestation design. GIS technology also plays an irreplaceable role in forest protection and monitoring, especially in forest fire and pest monitoring, which can timely and accurately identify problems and take corresponding measures. In short, GIS technology has been widely applied in forestry production, providing scientific decision-making basis for forestry workers and promoting the development of modern forestry. With the continuous advancement of science and technology, GIS technology will play a more important role in forestry production.

To screen the excellent maize varieties suitable for planting in Lingbi County, Anhui province, 34 new corn varieties, such as Kangnongyu 8009, Zhongyu 303 and Siyougu No. 5, were used as experimental materials, growth period and disease resistance were recorded, and agronomic traits, such as plant height, yield and yield traits, such as 100 grain weight were measured and evaluated comprehensively. The results showed that the growth period of each variety was 99-105 days. In terms of resistance, stem rot and small spot of all varieties were grade 1, and some varieties were susceptible to rust and sheath blight. In terms of agronomic traits, plant height was 206.4-267.3 cm, ear position 67.2-103.4 cm, ear diameter 4.3-5.0 cm, row number of spike 12.4-17.6 rows, row number 29.0-36.1 grains, seed yield 88.0%-91.5%. In terms of yield and yield traits, the effective panicle was 67 500 panicles /hm², the 100 grain weight was 25.43-36.42 g, the number of grains per panicle was 378.96-603.94 grains, and the yield was 7 240.50-10 062.75 kg/hm². The 5 varieties of Longding 728, Pudan 12, Jiaxi 100, Weike 985 and Denghai 1875 had the best comprehensive performance and were suitable for planting in the study area and related areas.

Under the background of rural revitalization, the role of digital agriculture in promoting agricultural economic development was analyzed, including reducing agricultural production costs, improving agricultural product quality, enhancing agricultural product circulation efficiency, promoting industrial integration, and improving rural governance level. The current development status of digital agriculture were analyzed in three aspects: agricultural infrastructure, agricultural talent team, and digital agriculture technology. The effective ways for the development of digital agriculture were explored, including strengthening the construction of network information technology infrastructure, establishing a comprehensive digital agriculture industry chain system, cultivating versatile talents, and enhancing technology research and development as well as promotion and application. Intended to promote rural economic development, improve living standards, and boost rural industrial development through digital agricultural technology.

To screen high yield and high quality hybrid rice varieties suitable for planting in the Chizhou region of Anhui Province, a trial was conducted on 20 hybrid rice varieties, including Quanyou 5438, Fliangyou 1252, and Wuliangyouyuzhan. The growth period, plant vigor, resistance, yield, and yield components of the varieties were analyzed. The results showed that the full growth period of the tested varieties ranged from 132 to 141 days. Among them, Wuliangyouyuzhan, Tailiangyouxiangwu, Liangyou 517, and Jiuliangyou No.9 exhibited moderate growth vigor, while the others showed vigorous growth. All varieties demonstrated strong lodging and disease resistance. In terms of yield and yield components, plant height ranged from 97.8 to 123.2 cm, effective panicles per hectare from 2.035 to 3.192 million/hm², total grains per panicle from 179.1 to 320.3, grain density from 7.6 to 12.8 grains/cm, seed-setting rate from 72.0% to 93.0%, and 1 000-grain weight from 19.6 to 26.6 g. Notably, Liangyou 1976, Xiangliangyou 998, Jiuliangyousimiao, Quanliangyou 532, and Ningliangyou 1513 achieved higher yields of 12.2, 12.1, 12.0, 11.9, and 11.9 t/hm², respectively.In conclusion, Liangyou 1976, Xiangliangyou 998, Jiuliangyousimiao, Quanliangyou 532, and Ningliangyou 1513 exhibited suitable growth periods, moderate plant height, vigorous growth, well-balanced yield structure, strong adaptability, disease resistance, and stress tolerance. The trial results provide a reference for the introduction and production of hybrid rice varieties in the related regions.

In order to screen the yeast used for fermentation of blueberry wine, TTC staining method and Duchenne tubule fermentation method were used to screen the yeast on the surface of blueberry fruits in this study, the screened bacterial strains were identified by molecular biology and their growth curves were determined. Culture temperature, initial pH, glucose, ethanol and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) were used as influencing factors. The fermentation performance was investigated. The results showed that 16 yeast strains were isolated and purified from the surface of blueberry fruit, and 1 yeast strain ZL01 was selected, which was suitable for the subsequent tests. The strain ZL01 was identified as Hanseniaspora uvarum by molecular biological identification and phylogenetic tree analysis. The fermentation performance results showed that the optimum growth temperature and pH of strain ZL01 were 28 ℃ and 5, respectively. The strain could grow at pH 2 or 38 ℃, and could tolerate 250 g/L glucose, 9% ethanol, and 250 mg/L SO₂. In conclusion, strain ZL01 has the potential to be applied to the fermentation of blueberry wine.

The rice variety Yongliangyou 206 was developed by crossbreeding 7-163S with Guifei Xiangzhan. It has a compact plant shape, upright leaf posture, and vigorous growth trend. The rice variety meets the second level standard of NY/T 593-2013 “Quality of Edible Rice Varieties”. Good anti overturning and heat resistance. In the regional trials from 2020 to 2021, the average yield of this variety was 9 325.6 kg/hm², the average yield of the production trial in 2022 was 8 953.8 kg/hm². This variety has comprehensive characteristics such as high yield, excellent rice quality, delicious taste, and strong resistance, it can be promoted and planted in the first season rice area and similar areas in Anhui Province. The high-yield cultivation techniques for its include strict selection and soaking of seeds, ensuring the achievement of functional panicles, constructing a population with high yield and suitable harvest time, etc. The efficient seed production techniques include safe seed production, flower time adjustment and germination rate increased. The research results provide reference for seed production and promotion of planting of this variety.

Fusarium crown rot of wheat caused by various fungus such as Fusarium is a typical fungal soil-borne disease. In recent years, the frequency and severity of the disease are increasing, which poses a serious threat to wheat production and food security. The occurrence characteristics, regularity and causes of Fusarium crown rot of wheat were reviewed, and the comprehensive control measures combining agricultural control, chemical control and biological control were put forward, in order to provide some technical references for the comprehensive control of Fusarium crown rot of wheat.

The effects of green manure on soil microorganisms and physicochemical properties, corn yield, and quality were summarized and analyzed, based on relevant literature and work practice. By rolling or intercropping green manure crops, the organic matter and microbial content in the soil can be increased, its physical and chemical properties can be improved, and its water and fertilizer retention capacity can be enhanced; The application of green manure can promote the growth of corn, increase its grain yield, and also have a certain promoting effect on its quality traits such as amino acids and proteins. Different types of green manure have different effects on soil physical and chemical properties and corn growth. Suitable green manure crops should be selected based on soil fertility conditions, production goals, etc. to improve the yield and quality of corn.

To investigate the heat tolerance of three varieties Ziqi, Zishu and Nichang of Melastoma candidum. The leaves were used as materials to determine the epidermal morphology, the rate of cell injury was determined after heating in a water bath at room temperature, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60 and 65 ℃ for 15 minutes, semi-lethal temperatures were determined by logistic equations and analysed by affiliation function. The results showed that, the semi-lethal high temperatures of Nichang, Zishu and Ziqi were 58.97, 57.81 and 57.05 ℃ respectively, and the integrated values of the affiliation function were 2.436, 2.305 and 1.184 respectively. Taken together, the three Melastoma candidum varieties all possessed a certain degree of heat resistance, and the comprehensive ranking of heat resistance was Nichang > Zishu > Ziqi.

Based on spatial syntax theory, the Depthmap 10 software was used to draw the axis model of Xiyuan Park, and 4 parameters of integration degree, selection degree, cooperation degree, and intelligibility degree were used to conduct quantitative analysis of Xiyuan Park, and the optimization strategy for its landscape was proposed. The results showed that the global integration degree and selection degree values of the landscape avenue at the Qunlu Square in the central of the park were the highest, while the integration degree values in the south and north were low. Apart from the main roads, which had high choice values, the remaining roads within the park showed relatively low choice values. The park’s synergy value was low, suggesting a lack of tight connectivity between certain spaces and the overall layout, with some local spaces appearing isolated. Additionally, the low intelligibility value implies that visitors may find it challenging to ascertain their location within the park. Drawing upon the quantitative analysis and site-specific investigations, the problems existing in the landscape nodes of the park were sorted out, and regional optimization strategies such as entrance landscape area, leisure square area and ecological leisure area were proposed. This paper can provide a reference for urban park optimization design.

To analyze the effect of selenium-rich yeast on the physicochemical properties and flavor of blueberry wine during fermentation, an exogenous selenium supply method was used to determine the selenium enrichment ability of 4 types of yeast, such as AG1, AG2, and LM. The yeast with the best selenium enrichment effect was selected for blueberry wine fermentation, and the physicochemical indicators such as amino acid nitrogen, total acid, and pH of the fermentation broth were measured along with the main flavor compounds during the fermentation process. The results showed that AG2 (15 mg/L) had the best selenium enrichment effect, during the fermentation of blueberry wine, the contents of amino acid nitrogen and total acid in blueberry wine increased, and the highest contents were 6.2 and 7.6 g/L on the 20th day of fermentation, respectively; pH decreased slowly at first and then tended to be stable; at the initial stage of fermentation (2-6 d), the reducing sugar content in blueberry wine decreased rapidly, and then became stable. With the extension of fermentation time, the alcohol content of fermented liquor increased first and then remained unchanged, and the highest alcohol content was 13.8 %vol on the 10th day. There were some similarities and differences in the types and relative contents of the main flavor substances in the fermentation of blueberry wine inoculated with the yeast. Both of them used isoamyl alcohol, phenyl ethanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, and 2, 3-butanediol to exert flavor. The results provide references for further research on the mechanism of selenium enrichment in blueberry wine.

To screen out the most efficient combination of control agents for the prevention and control of wheat diseases in the middle to late stages, 7 new agents such as 18.7% propyrimidin suspension（Yangsui） and 6 conventional agents such as 50% benzoyl propiconazole aqueous emulsion（Yingyue） were applied at jointing booting stage, heading and flowering stage and blooming stage, respectively, with no application of drugs as blank control. The prevention and control effects of Fusarium head blight in the middle to late stage of wheat were investigated, and the safety and yield of wheat were observed. The results showed that each treatment combination was safe for wheat growth under experimental doses, had good control on scab, powdery mildew and rust in the middle to later stages of wheat, and had good yield increase effect. Among them, the T₂ treatment (Jointing and booting stage used Yangsui 750 mL/hm²+ Licheng 300 mL/hm²+ Alika 150 mL/hm²+ Yishibang 750 mL/hm²; Heading and flowering used Maitian 900 mL/hm²+ Maitian partner 600 mL/hm²+ Alika 150 mL/hm²+ Yishiduojin 750 mL/hm²; Flowering used Maitian 900 mL/hm²+ Maitian partner 600 mL/hm²+ Yishiduojin 750 mL/hm²) had the best control effect and the highest wheat yield. In conclusion, different agents were used in the common areas of wheat Fusarium head blight could effectively control wheat disease and delay the development of its drug resistance.

The practical application of smart agricultural technologies was explored in agricultural planting, production management, and other aspects in agricultural production. The effectiveness of the development of smart agriculture with Yunnan Plateau characteristics were analyzed, including the gradual elongation of the agricultural industry chain, significant effects of modular management, and outstanding achievements in independent innovation. The areas that need further improvement was explored in infrastructure construction, key technology research and development, and professional talent reserve for the development of smart agriculture. Taking tobacco, flowers, coffee, tea, and seed industries as research objects, the development strategies of key industries were analyzed in high-altitude smart agriculture, including the application of Internet of Things technology to develop the tobacco industry, the application of industrial Internet of Things technology to develop the flower industry, the construction of a traceable system to develop the tea and coffee industries, and the rational utilization and protection of seed industry resources. This article provided references for promoting the transformation, upgrading, and industrialization development of plateau characteristic agriculture, and promoting the revitalization of rural industries.

Monitoring plots of different soil types were set up in the study area to investigate the dynamic changes of soil fertility and its effects on crop biomass under conventional fertilization and non-fertilization measures. A representative monitoring plot was selected in a typical yellow soil distribution area to carry out field experiments on soil fertility cultivation technology models, such as organic fertilizer cultivation, green fertilizer return to field, and straw return to field, etc. The main factors affecting soil fertility and the key factors of soil fertility cultivation under different soil fertility cultivation technology models were studied. The results showed that among the 5 different soil types, the lime soil cultivated land had the highest fertilizer amount, and the organic fertilizer input was lower and the fertilizer input was higher. The thickness of arable layer was larger than that of paddy field in dry land. The contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, quick available potassium, and slow available potassium were all at high to medium level. In the process of cultivation and ripening, the soil properties of yellow brown soil may be inconsistent with those of natural soil formation due to human factors. Under the condition of conventional fertilization, the yield increase of purple soil cultivated land was remarkable. The grain yield and straw yield of fresh corn in the green fertilizer area were the highest by implementing the typical soil fertility cultivation technology model. The soil nutrient levels were at a higher or high level; soil fertility cultivation technology model significantly increased the content of soil microbial biomass carbon and soil microbial biomass nitrogen, and the application of organic fertilizer had the greatest effect on the increase of soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen.

The nutritional value, processing technology and product development of potato residue were summarized and analyzed, the relationship between the development and utilization of potato residue and environmental protection was expounded, and the development prospect of potato residue and the aspects to be improved were discussed, so as to provide references for realizing efficient utilization of potato residue resources, green sustainable development and environmental protection. Potato residue is rich in nutrients such as fiber, protein, vitamins, and minerals, making it a valuable resource for various industries. By utilizing advanced processing technologies, potato residue can be converted into high-value products such as feed, biofuels, and biodegradable plastics. These products not only reduce waste and relieve environmental pollution but also contribute to the development of a circular economy. However, there are still challenges to overcome in the efficient utilization of potato residue.,including technical limitations, market constraints, and security. By adopting innovative technologies and strategies, potato residue can be transformed a waste product into a valuable resource, achieving the utilization of agricultural waste resources and environmental protection.

The soybean planting history in Northern Anhui Province is long and it is one of the important soybean production bases. The current situation and the link to be further improved of soybean production in this region were elaborated, its industrial development strategy was proposed. The soil and climate conditions in this area were suitable, with diverse soybean varieties and coordinated industrial development; further improvement was needed in terms of production infrastructure, variety application, and cultivation techniques. Based on this, strategies for industrial development were proposed including strengthening the construction of agricultural infrastructure and maintain various facilities; breeding and promote high-yield, high-quality, and highly resistant soybean varieties; actively exploring high-yield cultivation techniques such as scientific fertilization and green pest control; strengthening training, promoting fully mechanized soybean cultivation, and exploring upstream, midstream, and downstream industries forming industrial clusters, and other industrial development. This article provides references for soybean production and industrial development in Northern Anhui Province.

Based on the production practice in the research area, the efficient cultivation and management technology system of Illicium verum forest from the aspects of grafting seedling (scion collection, rootstock selection and preparation, grafting methods, and seedling management), afforestation (forest selection, land preparation, density selection, and planting), young forest management, forest management (weeding, fertilization, reclamation, forest intercropping, and density control), pest control, and fruit harvesting and processing were explored and summarized in this article. The purpose was to increase the yield of Illicium verum forest and provided references for the sustainable development of related industries.

Based on the planting practice of Dendrobium officinale, the common diseases and pests and its prevention measures were summarized and analyzed in the process of artificial planting of this plant from the aspects of occurrence patterns, harmful symptoms, and prevention and control measures. The common diseases in the research area were divided into infectious diseases (anthracnose, soft rot, root rot, leaf spot disease, etc.) and non infectious diseases. Infectious diseases could spread and were mainly caused by pathogenic bacteria such as fungi, viruses, and bacteria. Non infectious diseases could not spread between plants, mainly due to improper cultivation management and other reasons. Common pests that cause significant damage included slugs, snails, spider mites, aphids, and scale insects. Based on the characteristics of different diseases and pests, comprehensive control measures such as agricultural control, physical control, and chemical control had been proposed, providing references for further improving the product quality of artificial cultivation of Dendrobium officinale.

Based on the practice of belt shaped composite planting of soybean and corn,the advantages and key points of its planting technology were summarized and analyzed, the problems in the application of the technology were pointed, and specific application strategies were propoesd. The spatial layout of soybean corn strip intercropping is reasonable, which is conducive to improving land use efficiency, increasing crop yield, and improving the ecological environment. The key cultivation techniques of this model include planting model selection, variety selection, suitable sowing, reasonable fertilization, chemical weed control, chemical pest control, and mechanical harvesting. In terms of production, this model currently has issues such as differences in sowing and harvesting machinery, inconsistent occurrence of pests, diseases, and weeds, and inconsistent prevention and control agents; in this regard, it is proposed to strengthen cooperative research and development, accelerate the development of new specialized machinery, improve the adaptability of machinery, select corn varieties resistant to soybean herbicides, strengthen the development of new pesticides, and thereby pay attention to field management and assist in achieving double harvests in one field. This article provides a reference for further promoting the belt shaped composite planting technology of soybean and corn.

The current teaching situation of Food Additives course was analyzed from 3 aspects: teaching methods, ideological and political elements, and assessment and evaluation, and the blended teaching reform practice was carried out based on the Chaoxing Learning Platform. Firstly, a teaching model that combined online and offline was adopted, which effectively stimulated students’ interest and initiative in learning through chapter guidance, pre-class task assignment, classroom knowledge expansion and discussion, as well as online exercise release and refinement. Secondly, the ideological and political elements were explored of the curriculum, and achieved the ideological and political goals of the curriculum through education and entertainment. Finally, an achievement evaluation system was adopted, focusing on the output of results. Practice had shown that under this teaching model, the teaching effectiveness and overall evaluation score of the course had been significantly improved. Provided references for the reform and innovation of the teaching system of Food Quality and Safety major courses.

To further summarized and analyzed the comprehensive development and utilization of Eucommia ulmoides key fruit for sexual reproduction, its biological morphology, main chemical components,Eucommia ulmoides seed oil, Eucommia ulmoides gum, related industry applications, and pharmacological effects were investigated. The biological morphology of Eucommia ulmoides key fruit was rich, the main chemical components included lignans, iridoids, flavonoids,and phenolic compounds, which contain various amino acids, crude fibers, and microorganisms. At present, the application of Eucommia ulmoides key fruit mainly relied on the separation and purification of Eucommia ulmoides key fruit to obtain Eucommia ulmoides seed oil and Eucommia ulmoides gum, realizing its wide application in food, cosmetics, chemical industry, and medicine. This plant contains fatty acids, chlorogenic acid, and aucubin, which have pharmacological effects such as preventing osteoporosis, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, analgesic, lowering blood pressure and blood lipids, enhancing immunity, antioxidant, diuretic, and choleretic effects, and is one of the important medicinal and edible resources. This research provided a reference for the comprehensive development and utilization of Eucommia ulmoides key fruit.

The method of combining field investigation and literature review were adopted, through the investigation and analysis of Huyang tomato industry, the development status of village characteristic industry and the link that needs to be improved were discussed. In view of the aspects such as the scale of village-level characteristic industries, villagers’ agricultural technology knowledge, brand benefits of agricultural products and e-commerce operation of agricultural products, the development path of village-level characteristic industries such as “one village, one product” + cooperatives, brands + technological innovation, investment + industrial diversification, rural talents + capable people + training, village-level cultural symbols + spiritual and cultural industries was proposed to provide references for the development of village-level industries under the background of rural industry revitalization.

The current distribution of zinc content in farmland soil, the impact of zinc on the nutritional quality of wheat grains, the absorption and accumulation characteristics of zinc by wheat, and the ways to enhance zinc nutrition in wheat grains were summarized and analyzed. The distribution pattern of zinc content in soil was closely related to topography, geological structure, and ecological environment. In some wheat producing areas, the zinc content in soil is relatively low. Zinc is an important trace element that affects the starch and protein content of wheat grains. It was generally absorbed by plant roots and transported to the aboveground part under pressure or transpiration, or horizontally transported to the phloem, where it was transported upwards or downwards and then transported to various tissues and organs. The ways to enhance zinc in wheat include genetic improvement breeding, agronomic improvement, and application biotechnology. The research results provide some new ideas for zinc-rich wheat breeding.

Based on the current breeding status of potatoes, the aspects that need further improvement, and corresponding development strategies and suggestions were summarized and analyzed. At present, potato breeding was mainly based on its asexual reproduction characteristics, which had the advantages of simplicity, effectiveness, and ensuring the purity of potato seeds. Meanwhile, it was necessary to do a good job in potato seed potato detoxification, pest control, and field management. In the breeding process, it was necessary to further improve the collection of potato variety resources, the production capacity of seed potatoes, the production technology of seed potatoes, the quality of virus-free seed potatoes, and the processing capacity of potato products. Development strategies for potato breeding work were proposed, including establishing a good breeding environment, scientifically introducing potato varieties, innovating potato breeding methods, and innovating production equipment and technology, to provide references for promoting the standardized and rational development of the potato industry.

In order to explore the effects of different fertilizers and their dosage on rice growth, yield and quality, such as chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizers, and active silicon calcium fertilizers were selected, and multiple fertilization and dosage schemes (no fertilization, conventional fertilization, optimized fertilization, organic-inorganic fertilizer combination, and active silicon calcium fertilizer) were seted up to explore the application effects of fertilizer types and dosages in rice production. The results showed that the grain filling rate of rice reached a high level under the combination of organic-inorganic fertilizers and silicon calcium fertilizers, and a longer grain filling time was beneficial for grain formation. The photosynthesis of rice was weaker under two treatments of no fertilization and silicon calcium fertilizer, while the photosynthesis ability was stronger under the other treatments, which was conducive to the accumulation of organic matter. The ranking of rice yield from high to low, they were combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers>conventional fertilization>active silicon calcium fertilizer>optimized fertilization>no fertilization. The rice quality were at an optimal level in both conventional fertilization and the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers. Overall, it is recommended to use a combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers for rice cultivation, which is beneficial for promoting the growth and development of rice, and improving yield and quality.

In order to explore the planting performance of different rice varieties under different microclimate conditions in the low altitude areas of Eastern Guizhou Province, 51 rice varieties including Chuanguyou 1378 were selected to conduct display experiments in Tangtou base in the west and Bahuang base in the east of Tongren City, Guizhou Province. The growth period, planting performance, and yield indicators of each rice variety were analyzed. The results showed that microclimate differences had an impact on rice planting performance and yield, and the changes in growth period were influenced by the three-dimensional climate of the planting area and related to variety adaptability; There were differences in planting performance such as plant height and panicle length among different rice varieties, among which the seed setting rate was lower in the western base than in the eastern base. The measured yield of 43 exhibited varieties in the western base was higher than that in the eastern base, with an increase of 9.0-7 047.0 kg/hm². The yield of 7 varieties planted in the western base was lower than that in the eastern base, with a decrease of 60.0-3 979.5 kg/hm². Based on the performance of various varieties in terms of growth period, agronomic traits, and yield, it was selected that Jiuyou 27 Zhan, Yixiangyou 800, and Zhongjiuyou 2 were suitable for promoting planting in the low altitude western region of Eastern Guizhou Province, Jingliangyou 1206, Jingyou 312, Weiliangyouyuzhan, and Aofuyou 287 were suitable for promoting planting in the low altitude eastern region of Eastern Guizhou Province.

The causes of common diseases and pests in corn planting process were summarized and analyzed, and corresponding control measures according to the types of common diseases and pests were put forward. In the process of corn production, soil nutrient deficiency and light insufficiency, excessive water and other factors will lead to the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. The common diseases in corn production included Puccinia sorghi, Bipolaris maydis, Exserohilum turcicum, Sphacelotheca reiliana; common pests included Spodoptera frugiperda, Ostrinis furnacalis and Rhopalosiphum maidis. Based on the occurrence characteristics of diseases and pests, the rule and the way of transmission were put forward, such as cleaning up diseased plants and weeds, selecting disease-resistant varieties and applying chemical agents, biological bacteria and other pest control measures. The research results provides references for the control of diseases and pests in large-scale corn production.

To study the field control effect of 7 pesticides such as mancozeb 80%WP and chloroisobromine cyanuric acid 50%WP on peach bacterial shot hole. Peach trees were taken as the research object, and no pesticide was applied as control (CK). Two groups of pesticides combinations were designed for treatment zone I (mancozincb 80%WP 700 times + chloroisobromine cyanuric acid 50%WP 1 500 times + mesocin 3%WP 600 times + thiazolium zinc 30%SC 750 times) and treatment zone II (copper quinoline 33.5%SC 1 500 times + tiametrone 3%ME 1 500 times + tetracycin 0.3%AS 500 times + thiazolium zinc 30%SC 750 times) to carry out field control tests. The rate of diseased leaf, disease index, prevention effect of diseased leaf, and diseased finger were determined, and the safety was observed.The results showed that the rates of diseased leaves in treatment area I and II were 3.41% and 4.49%, respectively, and the disease index were 0.51 and 0.91, the control effects of diseased leaves were 71.75% and 62.80%, and the control effects of diseased fingers were 83.28% and 70.16%, respectively. The results indicated that the alternate application of chemical agents had a good effect on the prevention and control of peach bacterial shot hole. This study provides a reference for the prevention and treatment of peach bacterial shot hole.