To screen the excellent maize varieties suitable for planting in Lingbi County, Anhui province, 34 new corn varieties, such as Kangnongyu 8009, Zhongyu 303 and Siyougu No. 5, were used as experimental materials, growth period and disease resistance were recorded, and agronomic traits, such as plant height, yield and yield traits, such as 100 grain weight were measured and evaluated comprehensively. The results showed that the growth period of each variety was 99-105 days. In terms of resistance, stem rot and small spot of all varieties were grade 1, and some varieties were susceptible to rust and sheath blight. In terms of agronomic traits, plant height was 206.4-267.3 cm, ear position 67.2-103.4 cm, ear diameter 4.3-5.0 cm, row number of spike 12.4-17.6 rows, row number 29.0-36.1 grains, seed yield 88.0%-91.5%. In terms of yield and yield traits, the effective panicle was 67 500 panicles /hm², the 100 grain weight was 25.43-36.42 g, the number of grains per panicle was 378.96-603.94 grains, and the yield was 7 240.50-10 062.75 kg/hm². The 5 varieties of Longding 728, Pudan 12, Jiaxi 100, Weike 985 and Denghai 1875 had the best comprehensive performance and were suitable for planting in the study area and related areas.

To identify suitable soybean varieties for cultivation in the Northern Henan Province, Zheng 196 as control, 33 soybean varieties including Xiangxing 166 were selected as experimental materials. The growth period, field characteristics, agronomic traits, and yield of each variety were systematically compared. The results indicated that the growth period for all varieties ranged from 107 to 112 days. Leaf shapes were uniformly oval, with flower colors being either white or purple, and fluff colors being brown or gray. Pod formation habits were categorized as limited or sub-limited, while plant types were semi-open or convergent. In terms of agronomic traits, plant heights varied from 59.7 to 113.3 cm, basal pod heights from 4.9 to 25.5 cm, main stem nodes per plant from 13.8 to 22.8, effective branches per plant from 0.4 to 6.5, effective pods per plant from 34.0 to 178.6, seeds per plant from 75.1 to 311.1, and grain weight per plant from 14.4 to 59.2 g. The 100-grain weight ranged from 15.3 to 25.0 g. Soybean yields ranged from 1 978.55 kg/hm² to 3 107.09 kg/hm². Considering growth period, field characteristics, agronomic traits, and yield, Pudou 7014, Heshu 21, and Xuke bean 12 demonstrated superior performance, achieving yields of 2 964.30, 2 942.85, and 2 928.60 kg/hm², respectively. Compared to the CK, these varieties showed yield increases of 20.12%, 19.25%, and 18.67%, respectively. It is recommended to continue regional trials in this study area.

Lasioderma serricorne is a common pest in tobacco leaf processing and cigarette production. In order to understand the occurrence and damage characteristics of Lasioderma serricorne and take appropriate prevention and control measures for different scenarios, the research progress on the biological characteristics, damage, monitoring and control methods of Lasioderma serricorne were reviewed. The results showed that the reproductive generation and peak activity period of Lasioderma serricorne varied in different regions. The degree of damage in southern regions was higher than that in northern regions, and the degree of damage in high quality tobacco was higher than that in low quality tobacco. The methods for pest monitoring included manual statistics based on traps, image recognition, and electronic nose monitoring. There were 3 methods for the prevention and control of pest: physical control, chemical control, and biological control. Physical control included low-temperature treatment, high temperature treatment, vacuum conditioning, controlled atmosphere treatment, microwave treatment, and ultraviolet light trapping. Chemical control included fumigation, hormones, chemical insecticides, plant-derived insecticides, and plant essential oils. Biological control included bacterial control, fungal control, parasitic natural enemy control, RNA interference technology, and attractant. The research provides references for the integrated control of tobacco beetle.

The distribution of pests during rice cultivation is characterized by small scale and high density, making identification challenging. This article was based on deep learning and the classic YOLOv8s lightweight model was used to train and recognize 14 types of rice pests, including rice leaf roller, rice leaf caterpillar, and rice stem maggot, etc. The model training and verification results were obtained. The training results showed that the model has good convergence speed and stability; the verification results indicated that the model has good performance, with the recognition accuracy of 0.788, the recall rate of 0.721, and the recognition accuracy of 0.809, mAP@0.5 of 0.772 for 14 rice pests. Overall, the model had good performance and can meet the requirements of rice pest detection. The research results provide references for the identification of rice pest.

A comparative analysis was conducted between agricultural soil survey data from the 1980s and over 20 000 soil pH samples from the soil testing and formula fertilization project (2010s) in the study area. The trends in soil pH variation, causes of soil acidification, primary control technologies, and appropriate soil improvement measures were explored. The results showed that the average value of soil pH in the study area showed a decreasing trend from 1980s to 2010s, the proportion of neutral soil decreased by 13.1%, the proportion of acidic soil increased by 14.4%, and the proportion of soil area decreased by 1 unit of soil pH accounted for 24.48%. The analysis showed that the accelerated soil acidification was caused by many factors such as the application of soil parent material and chemical fertilizer, land use mode, acid rain, and the reduction of the application amount of alkaline substances such as plant ash. Based on the causes of soil acidification, the current technology of soil acidification resistance and control was discussed, including alkaline neutralization technology, organic fertilizer replacing fertilizer technology, agricultural engineering measures to reduce and control stains, and green fertilizer + biological fertilizer improvement technology.The soil improvement measures suitable for the actual situation of the study area were put forward, including adding alkaline substances such as lime, organic ash and residue and increasing organic fertilizer.

To accelerate the high quality production of wheat in Hexian, Anhui Province, suitable wheat varieties for local planting were selected, including 10 varieties such as Ningmai 13 and Zhenmai 15, for demonstration experiments. Ningmai 13 was used as a control to comprehensively investigate the growth period, agronomic traits, morphological resistance, and yield characteristics of each variety. The results indicated that the entire growth period of each variety was between 200-212 days. In terms of agronomic traits, the plant height ranges from 73.3 to 87.4 cm, the ear length ranges from 6.8 to 10.4 cm, the number of grains per ear ranges from 33.6 to 39.8, the thousand grain weight ranges from 36.1 to 43.8 g, and the effective ear count ranges from 4.245 million to 5.775 million ears per hectare. In terms of resistance, 7 varieties including Ningmai 24, Ningmai 26, and Zhenmai 12 had strong lodging resistance, while Zhenmai 18, Yangmai 34, and Zhenmai 15 had better resistance to Fusarium head blight. The top 3 wheat varieties in terms of yield are Zhenmai 18 (6 789.0 kg/hm²), Yangmai 34 (6 762.0 kg/hm²), and Zhenmai 15 (6 724.5 kg/hm²), which increased yield by 12.5% to 13.5% compared to the CK. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the growth period, agronomic traits, resistance, and yield performance of various varieties, Zhenmai 18, Yangmai 34, and Zhenmai 15 were selected to perform well under the climatic conditions of the experimental field in that year.

Y Liangyou 919 is an indica two-line hybrid rice variety selected from Y58S as the female parent and R919 as the male parent，the characteristics of its parents and high-yield seed production techniques were introduced. Y58S is a widely adaptable rice photoperiod temperature sensitive sterile line with excellent compatibility and high breeding yield; R919 is a dominant recovery line with lodging resistance, disease resistance and strong coordination force. Y Liangyou 919 can be used for post tobacco seed production in areas with an altitude of 300-500 meters in Northwest Fujian Province. The high-yield seed production techniques includes reasonable arrangement of the sowing time difference between the father and mother plants, with the father plant sowing in mid May and the mother plant sowing in mid June being suitable; choose fields that are windward and sunny, have convenient drainage and irrigation, and have a medium to high fertility level as seedling fields. Use appropriate sowing rates, soak seeds with disinfectants, apply sufficient base fertilizer, and timely and appropriate topdressing. Scientifically manage water and prevent diseases, pests, and weeds in a timely manner to cultivate strong seedlings; after harvesting tobacco leaves, timely plow and weed the fields, and transplant them, with a parent to child ratio of 1∶8; the full fertility period of the field, shallow water transplanting, inch water greening, thin water tillering, sufficient sun drying of seedlings, inch water booting, and dry and wet strong seeds should be achieved; apply sufficient basal fertilizer and apply appropriate topdressing according to the growth of the seedlings; timely prevention and control of diseases and pests such as rice sheath blight, rice leaf roller, and neck blight based on the actual situation in the field and local pest and disease monitoring; the ideal flowering period for seed production of this variety should meet the standard that the male parent’s initial flowering period is 2 days later than the female parent’s, and should be adjusted in a timely manner according to the actual situation in the field; when the number of spikes reaches 25% to 30%, spray “920” plant growth regulator to ensure uniformity and pollination, and improve the fruiting rate; timely remove impurities and maintain purity, eliminate premature and abnormal plants; after the flowering is completed, promptly cut off the male parent and harvest 90% of the seeds in the field when they are ripe. This article provides references for high-yield seed production and promotion planting of hybrid rice.

To screen soybean varieties suitable for planting in Jiaxiang County, Shandong Province, a regional comparative trial was conducted using 14 varieties, including Hedou 12, Jiadou 119, and Daoqiu 60, with Hedou 12 as the control (CK). The indicators such as growth period, agronomic traits, economic traits, disease resistance, yield, and quality were measured. The results showed that in the 2022 regional trial, the growth period of the varieties ranged from 92.6 to 107.9 days, plant height from 56.4 to 84.3 cm, effective pods per plant from 40.4 to 68.9, grains per plant from 86.8 to 139.8, grain weight per plant from 20.2 to 28.9 g, and 100-seed weight from 17.4 to 29.1 g. Traits such as grain shape, seed coat color, seed luster, hilum color, purple-brown spot rate, and insect damage rate all performed well. Except for Xiangxing 4 and Xiangxing 919, all other varieties exhibited resistance or high resistance to soybean mosaic virus strains SC-3 and SC-7, the yields were 180.80 - 229.08 kg/667 m². Based on the 2022 regional trial, Shengdi 16, Daoqiu 60, Jiadou 119, and Jundou 12 were selected for their moderate growth period, excellent agronomic and economic traits, and higher yields, and were advanced to the 2023 regional trial. The two year regional trial results showed that Shengdi 16, Daoqiu 60, Jiadou 119, and Jundou 12 exhibited high and stable yields, with yields over the two years increasing by 5.06% to 6.08% compared to CK. Their protein content ranged from 39.83% to 41.54%, and crude fat content from 18.98% to 20.97%. In conclusion, Shengdi 16, Daoqiu 60, Jiadou 119, and Jundou 12 demonstrated superior overall performance and were recommended for production trials.

The characteristics, suitable planting areas, cultivation techniques, and high-yield seed production techniques of Quanxiangyou 89 were summarized and analyzed based on its production practice. This variety is planted in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and exhibits characteristics such as suitable growth period, excellent rice quality, and high-yield; it is suitable for planting in areas with low incidence of rice blast disease, such as Pingba hilly rice growing areas in Sichuan Province and mid to low altitude indica rice growing areas in Yunnan Province. The high-yield cultivation techniques include early sowing in time and cultivating multi-tiller seedling; heavy application of bottom fertilizer, timely topdressing; dry and wet alternate pipe water and timely pest control. High-yield seed production techniques include post tobacco seed production in areas with an altitude of 250-500 meters; according to the different seed production seasons, ensure that the parental sowing difference period is between 6.5 and 7.5 leaves; soaking seeds with pesticides, spraying paclobutrazol, etc., to promote the health, dwarfism, and multiple tillering of seedlings; arranging a parent to parent ratio of 1∶8; managing fertilizer and water according to the growth of seedlings in the field; timely prevention and control of diseases and pests such as neck blight and rice planthopper based on actual field investigations and local pest and disease reports; adopting the method of young ear peeling to predict flowering period, it is advisable to use the same period as the parents in the early stage of young ear differentiation; spraying gibberellin when the panicle reaches 15%; pay attention to removing impurities and maintaining purity throughout the entire seed production process; harvesting begins when 75% of the seeds are ripe and dried promptly after harvesting. This article provides references for the demonstration and promotion of high-yield seed production techniques for Quanxiangyou 89.

The planting performance of Zhuliangyou 5298 was combined in Anqing City, Anhui Province area, and its high yield cultivation techniques were summarized. From 2022 to 2024, this variety was planted in 12 demonstration sites, including Wangjiang County in Anqing City, with an upright and upward curved plant shape; the growth period was 130-136 days, with an average seed setting rate of 85.77%, a thousand grain weight of 24.1 g, and a yield of 8 280-9 000 kg/hm²; good polished rice yield and excellent rice quality; strong anti lodging ability. Its high yield cultivation techniques include early sowing (sowing and seedling cultivation from late April to mid May), timely transplanting, cultivating strong seedlings, keeping the soil of the seedling field moist, applying “weaning fertilizer” (urea 60-75 kg/hm²) according to the growth of the seedlings, and timely prevention and control of seedling diseases and pests such as rice thrips and bakanae disease; select high speed rice transplanter operation based on seedling quality, planting time, etc., inspect and debug the transplanting machinery according to the settings, determine the planting distance, seedling amount, and depth; timely weed control (spraying pesticides such as butachlor for soil sealing, spraying pesticides such as butazone for stem and leaf control during the seedling stage, and spraying pesticides such as 30% propiconazole for sealing throughout the field after the seedlings); heavy application of base fertilizer (45% compound fertilizer 450-600 kg/hm²), early application of tillering fertilizer (high nitrogen and high potassium compound fertilizer 225-300 kg/hm²), and supplementary application of ear fertilizer (potassium chloride 112.5-150.0 kg/hm²); shallow water seedling planting, deep water live planting, alternating dry and wet conditions to promote tillering; appropriate pesticides should be used during the growth period of the field to prevent and control diseases and pests such as rice blast and sheath blight. This article provides a reference for further promotion and planting of this variety in similar regions.

To strengthen the rural talent team, improve agricultural production technology, industrial development capabilities, and farmers’ management and business abilities, the basic situation and training content of cultivating high-quality agricultural farmers in Fengyang County of Anhui Province was analyzed in the past 3 years (2021-2023), as well as the problems in resource allocation, actual needs, and cultivation effects. Based on the cultivation experience, a series of optimization measures were proposed. 7 institutions, including Agricultural Radio and Television School, Agricultural Science Research Institute, and local colleges, were responsible for cultivating and teaching in this area. The training courses were divided into 3 categories: professional production type, skill service type, and business management type. The training content includes business management, professional production, and skill service. The number of participants and training courses are increasing year by year, and the cultural quality of participants is improving year by year. Optimization measures includes optimizing resource investment and integrating institutions, matching training content and needs, evaluating the effectiveness of farmer training, increasing farmers’ participation and enthusiasm in training, strengthening the role of demonstration and leadership, improving the efficiency of fund utilization, optimizing training institutions, and strengthening the construction of teaching staff. The practical results showed that vigorously cultivating high-quality farmers is conducive to promoting rural economic development, increasing famers’ income.

Tobacco black shank is one of the major diseases in tobacco production. It has become increasingly severe due to factors such as continuous cropping and frequent introduction of new varieties, threatening the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The etiological characteristics, disease symptoms, pathogenic factors, and control measures of this disease were elaborated. The pathogen of this disease belongs to the genus Phytophthora, with mycelium or chlamydospores serving as the primary infection sources. Its zoospores can directly penetrate the epidermis to infect plants. The optimal temperature for mycelial growth is 28–32 °C, and the optimal temperature for sporangium production is 24–28 °C. This disease can occur throughout the entire growth period of tobacco, with high incidence from the rosette stage to the vigorous growth stage. It mainly damages the basal stems and roots. In the seedling stage, it manifests as “damping-off”; in the field stage, it presents typical symptoms such as “mantle-like”, “bamboo shoot node-like”, and “disc-like” lesions. Pathogenic factors include overwintering of pathogens (surviving for 2–3 years, with continuous cropping exacerbating accumulation), high temperature and high humidity climates (field humidity above 80% for 3–5 consecutive days leading to disease peaks), and root-knot nematode infection (aggravating the damage). Control measures include breeding disease-resistant varieties (such as highly resistant varieties such as Zhongyan 100 and Yuyan No.2, and moderately resistant varieties such as K326 and Yunyan 85); agricultural control (rational crop rotation/intercropping with non-host crops, deep plowing and sunning, high-ridging and earthing up, drainage and humidity reduction, etc.); biological control (using antagonistic microorganisms such as Bacillus and Pseudomonas, as well as plant-derived fungicides from garlic and corktree bark); and chemical control (agents such as metalaxyl-mancozeb, mefenoxam-mancozeb, and dimethomorph). Future research should further explore its pathogenic mechanisms, accelerate the improvement of disease-resistant varieties, develop environmentally friendly biological agents, and optimize integrated prevention and control systems to adapt to different production needs.

Based on spatial syntax theory, the Depthmap 10 software was used to draw the axis model of Xiyuan Park, and 4 parameters of integration degree, selection degree, cooperation degree, and intelligibility degree were used to conduct quantitative analysis of Xiyuan Park, and the optimization strategy for its landscape was proposed. The results showed that the global integration degree and selection degree values of the landscape avenue at the Qunlu Square in the central of the park were the highest, while the integration degree values in the south and north were low. Apart from the main roads, which had high choice values, the remaining roads within the park showed relatively low choice values. The park’s synergy value was low, suggesting a lack of tight connectivity between certain spaces and the overall layout, with some local spaces appearing isolated. Additionally, the low intelligibility value implies that visitors may find it challenging to ascertain their location within the park. Drawing upon the quantitative analysis and site-specific investigations, the problems existing in the landscape nodes of the park were sorted out, and regional optimization strategies such as entrance landscape area, leisure square area and ecological leisure area were proposed. This paper can provide a reference for urban park optimization design.

In order to screen the yeast used for fermentation of blueberry wine, TTC staining method and Duchenne tubule fermentation method were used to screen the yeast on the surface of blueberry fruits in this study, the screened bacterial strains were identified by molecular biology and their growth curves were determined. Culture temperature, initial pH, glucose, ethanol and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) were used as influencing factors. The fermentation performance was investigated. The results showed that 16 yeast strains were isolated and purified from the surface of blueberry fruit, and 1 yeast strain ZL01 was selected, which was suitable for the subsequent tests. The strain ZL01 was identified as Hanseniaspora uvarum by molecular biological identification and phylogenetic tree analysis. The fermentation performance results showed that the optimum growth temperature and pH of strain ZL01 were 28 ℃ and 5, respectively. The strain could grow at pH 2 or 38 ℃, and could tolerate 250 g/L glucose, 9% ethanol, and 250 mg/L SO₂. In conclusion, strain ZL01 has the potential to be applied to the fermentation of blueberry wine.

To screen high yield, high quality, and stress resistant rice varieties suitable for promotion and planting in the Western Anhui rice region, 24 rice varieties including Quanliangyou 6019 and Chufengyoujingxiangsi Miao were conducted in the high standard farmland demonstration area of Jin’an District, Lu’an City, Anhui Province. The comprehensive evaluation included their growth duration, resistance performance, yield, and field growth performance. The results showed that the growth period of each variety was between 121 to 133 days; no varieties showed symptoms of leaf blast, neck blast, white leaf blight, sheath blight, or rice blast disease, and some varieties experienced lodging; there were 10 varieties with yields exceeding 9 000 kg/hm², including Quanliangyou 6019, Zhenliangyouexiangsimiao, Yuanliangyou 1612, etc. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted on the advantages and disadvantages of their field growth, and 19 varieties including Quanliangyou 6019, Chufengyoujingxiangsimiao, and Guanliangyou 3 performed well. Overall, 12 rice varieties including Quanliangyou 6019, Guanliangyou 3, Liangyou 1573, Xinliangyou 2081, Yuanliangyou 816, Liangyou 5043, Xinliangyou 1, Zhuanliangyou 0688, Zhenliangyouexiangsimiao, Yualiangyou 1612, Xiliangyouyuhesimiao, and Huiliangyou 985 had strong stress resistance and high yields, and were suitable for promotion and planting in relevant areas.

The growth environment, especially soil conditions, has a significant impact on the quality of Chinese medicinal materials such as Gastrodia elata. The research progress on the characteristics of Gastrodia elata growth soil from aspects such as the soil types suitable for the growth of Gastrodia elata, as well as the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the growth soil was summarized. Gastrodia elata thrives in loose and moderately sandy loam. Yellow soil and yellow-brown soil are commonly suitable dominant soil types. Research on the physical properties of Gastrodia elata soil mainly focuses on soil moisture content. In addition, physical properties such as soil texture, porosity, water-holding capacity also affect the quality of Gastrodia elata. In terms of chemical properties, the suitable soil pH for Gastrodia elata is 4.00-6.30, and the organic matter content is 28.63-138.30 g/kg. Among them, phosphorus is crucial for the improvement of its yield and quality. During its cultivation process, effective measures should be focused on to increase the available phosphorus content in the soil. Heavy metals such as lead and arsenic, as well as macromolecular organic substances like valenoic acid and o-heptadecanoyl carnitine, are also its important chemical properties. In terms of biological characteristics, it mainly includes research on soil microbial structure and diversity. Crop rotation or fallow can restore microbial diversity. The application of lime, anti-continuous cropping agents and other improvement agents can regulate the microbial community structure to alleviate continuous cropping obstacles and increase yield.

To study the effects of bio-assisted fermentation on neutral odorant components and sensory quality of Yunnan cigar tobacco, 9 exogenous bioenzyme preparations including glucoamylase (GAL type) and 3 microorganisms including Bacillus pumilus were used for auxiliary fermentation. Using sterile water treatment as a control (CK), the content of aromatic compounds was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and sensory quality evaluation was conducted. The results showed that 28 kinds of neutral aroma compounds were determined, including 4 kinds of phenylalanine conversion products, 2 kinds of non-enzymatic brown reaction products, 1 kind of siberane degradation products, 8 kinds of carotenoid degradation products, 1 kind of chlorophyll degradation products and 12 kinds of other kinds of compounds. Bio-assisted fermentation was beneficial to the accumulation of phenylalanine conversion products, siparane degradation products and chlorophyll degradation products, but not conducive to the accumulation of carotenoid degradation products. In terms of sensory evaluation,except for the treatment with aminopeptidase and lipase, the sensory quality scores of the remaining processed samples were higher than CK, and the sensory quality scores of the samples treated with neutral protease and Bacillus subtilis were higher, mainly in the aspects of enhancing the richness of cigar flavor, improving smoke texture, reducing stinging and staining, and improving aftertaste. The use of biotechnology to assist the fermentation of Yunnan cigar tobacco had great potential to improve its chemical composition and sensory quality. This study provides a reference for artificial intervention in the fermentation of cloud cigar tobacco.

To study the field control effect of 7 pesticides such as mancozeb 80%WP and chloroisobromine cyanuric acid 50%WP on peach bacterial shot hole. Peach trees were taken as the research object, and no pesticide was applied as control (CK). Two groups of pesticides combinations were designed for treatment zone I (mancozincb 80%WP 700 times + chloroisobromine cyanuric acid 50%WP 1 500 times + mesocin 3%WP 600 times + thiazolium zinc 30%SC 750 times) and treatment zone II (copper quinoline 33.5%SC 1 500 times + tiametrone 3%ME 1 500 times + tetracycin 0.3%AS 500 times + thiazolium zinc 30%SC 750 times) to carry out field control tests. The rate of diseased leaf, disease index, prevention effect of diseased leaf, and diseased finger were determined, and the safety was observed.The results showed that the rates of diseased leaves in treatment area I and II were 3.41% and 4.49%, respectively, and the disease index were 0.51 and 0.91, the control effects of diseased leaves were 71.75% and 62.80%, and the control effects of diseased fingers were 83.28% and 70.16%, respectively. The results indicated that the alternate application of chemical agents had a good effect on the prevention and control of peach bacterial shot hole. This study provides a reference for the prevention and treatment of peach bacterial shot hole.

Monitoring plots of different soil types were set up in the study area to investigate the dynamic changes of soil fertility and its effects on crop biomass under conventional fertilization and non-fertilization measures. A representative monitoring plot was selected in a typical yellow soil distribution area to carry out field experiments on soil fertility cultivation technology models, such as organic fertilizer cultivation, green fertilizer return to field, and straw return to field, etc. The main factors affecting soil fertility and the key factors of soil fertility cultivation under different soil fertility cultivation technology models were studied. The results showed that among the 5 different soil types, the lime soil cultivated land had the highest fertilizer amount, and the organic fertilizer input was lower and the fertilizer input was higher. The thickness of arable layer was larger than that of paddy field in dry land. The contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, quick available potassium, and slow available potassium were all at high to medium level. In the process of cultivation and ripening, the soil properties of yellow brown soil may be inconsistent with those of natural soil formation due to human factors. Under the condition of conventional fertilization, the yield increase of purple soil cultivated land was remarkable. The grain yield and straw yield of fresh corn in the green fertilizer area were the highest by implementing the typical soil fertility cultivation technology model. The soil nutrient levels were at a higher or high level; soil fertility cultivation technology model significantly increased the content of soil microbial biomass carbon and soil microbial biomass nitrogen, and the application of organic fertilizer had the greatest effect on the increase of soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen.

Aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) is a kind of Aflatoxin (AFs), which mainly exists in mouldy feed.To understand the research progress of exogenous compounds that can mitigate the toxic effects of AFB₁, this paper describes the physicochemical properties of AFs and AFB₁, as well as the metabolic detoxification process of AFB₁ in vivo, and combs out 8 exogenous compounds that can alleviate AFB₁ poisoning, such as curcumin, vitamin E and yeast selenium, and their mechanisms of action. AFs is a kind of toxin produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. The liver is the main target organ, which has strong carcinogenic, malformation and mutagenicity. Among them, AFB₁ is the most toxic, which can cause oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, gene mutation and immune system damage, etc. In animals, it is mainly metabolized and detoxicated by enzymes such as CYP450s. The common mechanism of action of exogenous compounds such as curcumin is to inhibit or induce the activity of metabolic enzymes in vivo, change the metabolic rate and pathway of toxins, and alleviate the oxidative stress state of animals, so as to slow down the toxic effects of AFB₁. This paper provides references for screening new detoxification drugs and clinical treatment of animal AFB₁ poisoning.

The soybean planting history in Northern Anhui Province is long and it is one of the important soybean production bases. The current situation and the link to be further improved of soybean production in this region were elaborated, its industrial development strategy was proposed. The soil and climate conditions in this area were suitable, with diverse soybean varieties and coordinated industrial development; further improvement was needed in terms of production infrastructure, variety application, and cultivation techniques. Based on this, strategies for industrial development were proposed including strengthening the construction of agricultural infrastructure and maintain various facilities; breeding and promote high-yield, high-quality, and highly resistant soybean varieties; actively exploring high-yield cultivation techniques such as scientific fertilization and green pest control; strengthening training, promoting fully mechanized soybean cultivation, and exploring upstream, midstream, and downstream industries forming industrial clusters, and other industrial development. This article provides references for soybean production and industrial development in Northern Anhui Province.

Peppermint is an important medicinal and economic crop with high value-added potential in deep processing. Menthol, its primary volatile component, possesses various biological activities. The research progress of menthol on the pharmacology, including pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmaceutics and toxicology were reviewed based on relevant literature. In terms of pharmacokinetics, the area under the curve (AUC) of menthol is relatively low, and the mean residence time (MRT) and elimination half-life (T_1/2) are short, indicating that it is metabolized rapidly in the body. In terms of pharmacodynamics, it exerts antibacterial effects by influencing the contents of phosphatidylcholine and other components in bacterial cell membranes; it has certain antiviral effects and enhances the immune system; it influences the formation of fungal biofilms and has good inhibitory effects on fungi such as Trichophyton and Microsporum canis; it reduces the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) in cells and increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), exerting anti-inflammatory effects; it promotes apoptosis of cancer cells and inhibits their proliferation and migration; it exerts analgesic effects by regulating calcium (Ca²⁺) and sodium (Na⁺) channels in nerve cells; and it has other pharmacological activities including antiparasitic, antioxidant and neuroregulatory effects. In pharmaceutics, menthol, as an efficient penetration enhancer, enhances the transport capacity of the blood-brain barrier, lymphatic permeability, intestinal epithelial barrier and skin permeability barrier by down-regulating the levels of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-5). In toxicology, the median lethal dose (LD₅₀) of this substance in rats and mice is higher than 4 000 mg/kg, indicating high safety; however, long term excessive use may cause adverse reactions such as reducing the tension of the esophageal, esophageal and gastric sphincters. This article provides a reference for the further promotion and application of menthol.

Canine distemper is a non zoonotic disease caused by the canine distemper virus (CDV). This study focuses on dogs suspected of suffering from canine distemper, and diagnoses them through clinical examination, blood biochemical indicators, blood routine indicators,and antigen detection; adopt methods such as combining traditional Chinese and Western medicine (Sangju Yinqiao powder decoction + Doxycycline powder, etc.) and treating based on syndrome differentiation to treat it. The results showed that the diseased dogs had poor mental state, frequent sneezing, thick nasal discharge, and bleeding. The concentrations of albumin, haptoglobin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and globulin in the diseased dog were higher than the reference values. The total number of white blood cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils were significantly increased. The antigen test was positive. All the evidence indicates that the dog is suffering from canine distemper.After treatment, the dog’s condition improved, and its appetite, mental state, blood biochemical indicators, and blood routine indicators all returned to normal. This article provides reference for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Based on a literature review, this paper synthesizes the mechanisms underlying the detachment of the mattic epipedon during the degradation of alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, discusses its ecological functions, and highlights that restoring the mattic epipedon is crucial for rehabilitating degraded grasslands. The mattic epipedon in alpine meadows of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a unique surface soil layer composed of living/dead roots and humus, playing essential ecological roles in water conservation, carbon sequestration, nutrient cycling, and maintaining ecosystem stability. The detachment of the mattic epipedon is driven by multiple factors, including climate warming and drying, freeze-thaw cycles, grazing pressure, rodent disturbances, and human activities, manifesting as a degradation sequence from normal development, thickening, collapse, to complete detachment. The rupture of the mattic epipedon leads to deterioration of soil physicochemical properties, reduced microbial activity, and vegetation retrogressive succession, exacerbating the formation of “black soil patches”. Future research should focus on the response of the mattic epipedon to climate change, its role in carbon and nitrogen cycling, and restoration techniques to provide a scientific basis for the ecological rehabilitation of alpine grasslands.

To analyze the effect of selenium-rich yeast on the physicochemical properties and flavor of blueberry wine during fermentation, an exogenous selenium supply method was used to determine the selenium enrichment ability of 4 types of yeast, such as AG1, AG2, and LM. The yeast with the best selenium enrichment effect was selected for blueberry wine fermentation, and the physicochemical indicators such as amino acid nitrogen, total acid, and pH of the fermentation broth were measured along with the main flavor compounds during the fermentation process. The results showed that AG2 (15 mg/L) had the best selenium enrichment effect, during the fermentation of blueberry wine, the contents of amino acid nitrogen and total acid in blueberry wine increased, and the highest contents were 6.2 and 7.6 g/L on the 20th day of fermentation, respectively; pH decreased slowly at first and then tended to be stable; at the initial stage of fermentation (2-6 d), the reducing sugar content in blueberry wine decreased rapidly, and then became stable. With the extension of fermentation time, the alcohol content of fermented liquor increased first and then remained unchanged, and the highest alcohol content was 13.8 %vol on the 10th day. There were some similarities and differences in the types and relative contents of the main flavor substances in the fermentation of blueberry wine inoculated with the yeast. Both of them used isoamyl alcohol, phenyl ethanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, and 2, 3-butanediol to exert flavor. The results provide references for further research on the mechanism of selenium enrichment in blueberry wine.

To evaluate the nutritional value of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) derived from various raw materials, 30 DDGS samples were classified into 5 groups based on their raw material sources and crude protein content: rice DDGS, corn DDGS (Ⅰ), corn DDGS (Ⅱ), low-proportion cassava DDGS (CP > 18%), and high-proportion cassava DDGS (CP < 18%). The nutritional composition and predicted energy values were compared among these groups. Additionally, 5 representative DDGS samples were selected for further analysis of their gross energy, enzyme hydrolysate gross energy (EHGE), and digestibility determined by simulated digestion method.The results demonstrated that as the cassava substitution ratio increased, the crude protein and crude fat content of cassava DDGS gradually decreased, while crude fiber and crude ash content increased. Furthermore, model-predicted energy analysis revealed a significant decline in energy value with higher cassava substitution ratios, indicating poorer quality. Simulated digestion experiments confirmed that the energy value and digestibility of cassava DDGS decreased as the cassava substitution ratio rose.In conclusion, low-proportion cassava DDGS, with its high crude protein content and superior digestibility, is suitable as a quality protein source. Conversely, high-proportion cassava DDGS, characterized by elevated crude fiber and crude ash content, is less suitable for monogastric animals due to reduced nutrient utilization but can serve as a cost-effective roughage for ruminants.

To screen for suitable planting densities for maize in the Central Shandong region, the density tolerant variety Huangjinliang MY73 was selected as the test material. Three planting densities of 6 000, 6 500 and 7 000 plants/667 m² were set up to study the effects of planting density on maize yield, yield components, agronomic traits, and grain filling rate. The results showed that this variety had the highest grain yield of 851.51 kg/667 m², the plant height, spike height, and center of gravity height were relatively low, at 192.00, 75.83, and 83.50 cm, respectively under the condition of 6 500 plants/667 m². The third to last internode of the stem was shorter, which could reduce the risk of lodging. The grain filling process of maize populations exhibit a growth pattern of slow onset rapid growth gradually slowing down, following an “S” - shaped curve; the grain filling characteristic showed a single peak curve trend, the grain filling characteristic of each treatment reached their peak around 14 days after silk emergence; maize treated with 6 500 plants/667 m² had a longer duration of active filling stage. Overall, increasing the planting density of compact maize varieties appropriately can fully unleash their potential for increased yield; the suitable planting density for the density tolerant variety Huangjinliang MY73 is 6 500 plants/667 m².

Based on the practice of belt shaped composite planting of soybean and corn,the advantages and key points of its planting technology were summarized and analyzed, the problems in the application of the technology were pointed, and specific application strategies were propoesd. The spatial layout of soybean corn strip intercropping is reasonable, which is conducive to improving land use efficiency, increasing crop yield, and improving the ecological environment. The key cultivation techniques of this model include planting model selection, variety selection, suitable sowing, reasonable fertilization, chemical weed control, chemical pest control, and mechanical harvesting. In terms of production, this model currently has issues such as differences in sowing and harvesting machinery, inconsistent occurrence of pests, diseases, and weeds, and inconsistent prevention and control agents; in this regard, it is proposed to strengthen cooperative research and development, accelerate the development of new specialized machinery, improve the adaptability of machinery, select corn varieties resistant to soybean herbicides, strengthen the development of new pesticides, and thereby pay attention to field management and assist in achieving double harvests in one field. This article provides a reference for further promoting the belt shaped composite planting technology of soybean and corn.

This paper combines the production practices of the rice-crayfish symbiotic farming model in the Ma’anshan region of Anhui Province, the technical requirements for paddy fields, the key techniques for rice cultivation and crayfish farming under this model were analyzed, as well as its advantages and future research trends. For this model, it was advisable to select field plots of 3–5 hm², with ridge widths no less than 1.5 m and heights of 60–80 cm. Additionally, the inner slopes of the fields should be protected with polyethylene mesh fabric with a mesh size of 5 mm.The key techniques for rice cultivation included selecting varieties with plant heights above 1.1 m, strong lodging resistance, and good disease resistance (such as Wangliangyou 018, Weiliangyou 8612, and Qiaoliangyou 17), using the “day-soaking and night-draining” method for seed soaking, and employing rice-specific germination boxes for constant-temperature sprouting. The suitable sowing period in the study area is March 15–20. Greenhouse seedling cultivation mainly adopts dry management and sprinkler irrigation, with daytime temperatures maintained at 25–30 °C. Water control and seedling hardening were implemented 5–7 days before transplanting, while the main field was rotary-tilled in advance. Mechanical transplanting is adopted, ensuring sufficient basic seedlings with a planting density of 30 cm × 17 cm and 12 000–15 000 holes/667 m². The first harvest of rice should be completed before August 20, while the ratoon rice harvest period falls between late October and early November.The key techniques for crayfish farming included stocking fry in two batches (the first from March 20 to April 20 and the second before the end of May), with a total stocking density of 7 000 individuals/667 m². On the day of release, high quality juvenile feed with a protein content of 36% and a particle size of 1.1 mm should be evenly distributed. After release, fermented yeast-based EM bacteria should be applied every 5–7 days for water quality regulation. During the harvesting period (from May to late October), a “capture the large and retain the small” approach is adopted for flexible harvesting. This model achieves “one planting with two harvests” for rice, improving its yield, while also enhancing the unit yield and size of crayfish. The harvesting period is significantly extended, leading to notable economic benefits. Future research should further investigate the effects of rice planting density and crayfish stocking density on rice yield and farming efficiency under this model.

To screen high yield and high quality hybrid rice varieties suitable for planting in the Chizhou region of Anhui Province, a trial was conducted on 20 hybrid rice varieties, including Quanyou 5438, Fliangyou 1252, and Wuliangyouyuzhan. The growth period, plant vigor, resistance, yield, and yield components of the varieties were analyzed. The results showed that the full growth period of the tested varieties ranged from 132 to 141 days. Among them, Wuliangyouyuzhan, Tailiangyouxiangwu, Liangyou 517, and Jiuliangyou No.9 exhibited moderate growth vigor, while the others showed vigorous growth. All varieties demonstrated strong lodging and disease resistance. In terms of yield and yield components, plant height ranged from 97.8 to 123.2 cm, effective panicles per hectare from 2.035 to 3.192 million/hm², total grains per panicle from 179.1 to 320.3, grain density from 7.6 to 12.8 grains/cm, seed-setting rate from 72.0% to 93.0%, and 1 000-grain weight from 19.6 to 26.6 g. Notably, Liangyou 1976, Xiangliangyou 998, Jiuliangyousimiao, Quanliangyou 532, and Ningliangyou 1513 achieved higher yields of 12.2, 12.1, 12.0, 11.9, and 11.9 t/hm², respectively.In conclusion, Liangyou 1976, Xiangliangyou 998, Jiuliangyousimiao, Quanliangyou 532, and Ningliangyou 1513 exhibited suitable growth periods, moderate plant height, vigorous growth, well-balanced yield structure, strong adaptability, disease resistance, and stress tolerance. The trial results provide a reference for the introduction and production of hybrid rice varieties in the related regions.

Artemisia argyi is a perennial herb, and its leaves are used as medicine. It is a commonly used bulk Chinese medicinal herbal with high medicinal and economical value. The high-quality cultivation techniques of this plant were summarized and analyzed from 7 aspects of variety selection, land preparation, and propagation methods. Including select high-quality, high-yielding, and comprehensive resistant varieties of Artemisia argyi suitable for local cultivation; choose fertile loam and sandy loam environments with sufficient sunlight, good drainage and irrigation conditions, and deep plowing and fertilization before planting. Its propagation techniques include division propagation, root propagation, and cutting propagation; the suitable planting density is 97 500 to 120 000 plants/hm², and the appropriate amount of rhizomes for root propagation is 3 000 kg/hm². After planting, timely carry out standardized management work such as tillage, weeding, fertilization, irrigation, leveling, and thinning to promote plant growth; the prevention and control of pests and diseases in the field mainly rely on agricultural and physical methods, with chemical control as a supplement. Timely harvesting, processing and storage according to its application characteristics.It provides references for Artemisia argyi standardized production and high-quality industrial development.

To select soybean varieties suitable for Yiyang City and areas with similar ecological conditions with stable-yield, high-yield and good adaptability. With Zhongdou 41 as the control, 11 varieties, including Zhongdou 43 and Nannong 57, were introduced and compared in Heshan District and Taojiang County, from the aspects of growth period, agronomic traits, main economic traits, and yield. The results showed that the growth period of 12 varieties in the two experiments was 86-100 days. In terms of agronomic traits, the plant height was 62.6-83.0 cm, the bottom pod height was 12.5-21.3 cm, the number of main stem segments was 10.0-16.3, and the effective branches were 0.7-3.3. In terms of economic traits, the effective pod number per plant was 33.7-45.3, the kernel number per plant was 61.7-91.5, the kernel weight per plant was 15.3-23.0 g, the hundred kernel weight was 20.1-23.6 g, and the complete grain rate was 90%-96%. The average yield of 12 varieties was 2 100.0-2 398.5 kg/hm², and the average yield of 11 introduced varieties were higher than that of the control.The growth period, agronomic traits and economic traits of Wandou 37 and Jidou 1258 were 1-2 days shorter than that of the control varieties. The economic traits such as effective pod number per plant and grain number per plant were higher than or close to that of the control varieties. The whole grain rate was above 90%, and the average yield was higher. The yield of Heshan test site was 2 398.5 kg/hm² and 2 322.0 kg/hm², respectively. The yield of Taojiang test site was 2 398.5 and 2 277.0 kg/hm², respectively. The Wandou 37 and Jidou 1258 varieties have moderate growth periods, good agronomic and economic characteristics, and good yield performance, and are more suitable for planting demonstration and popularization in Yiyang City.

The physical and chemical properties of coffee grounds, as a by-product of coffee, and the potential of resource reuse were reviewed. Coffee grounds are rich in nutrients such as organic matter, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and their porous nature makes them a good soil amendment. In soil improvement, coffee grounds can improve soil structure, increase soil fertility and adjust soil pH. In terms of fertilizer application, coffee grounds can improve the physical properties of the soil, and its slow-release effect provides stable and lasting nutrition for crops, helps to reduce the loss and volatilization of nutrients, and thus improves the utilization efficiency of fertilizers. The reuse of coffee grounds resources helps reduce the environmental burden caused by agricultural waste and realize the recycling of agricultural by-products. At the same time, it promotes the root expansion and nutrient absorption of crops by improving soil conditions, so as to further improve crop yield and quality. This paper provides a reference for realizing the efficient utilization of coffee grounds and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture.

This investigation mainly adopts the method of line investigation, and combines field investigation, sample plot investigation, individual tree investigation, literature review, and interviews with informed people to assist in the investigation. It analyzes the types, quantities, and distribution status of wild forest trees, collected and preserved species, cultivated and utilized species, ancient and famous trees, rare and protected forest and grass species, superior stands and superior individual trees, as well as herbaceous species and other forest and grass germplasm resources in Jieshou City, Anhui Province. The results show that 46 kinds of wild forest resources such as Ginkgo biloba, Magnolia grandiflora and Camphora officinarum are recorded; 5 kinds of germplasm resources such as Robinia pseudoacacia ‘Wanhuai1’, Quercus acutissima, Koelreuteria bipinnata,and ‘integrifoliola’ are collected and preserved; 130 kinds of forest and grass germplasm resources such as Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Platycladus orientalis,and Pinus bungeana are cultivated and utilized; 43 ancient and famous tree species such as Pistacia chinensis, Ailanthus altissima, and Ehretia acuminata are recorded; 6 kinds of rare and protected forest and grass species such as Taxus wallichiana var. mairei, Eucommia ulmoides, and Zelkova serrata are recorded; 4 excellent stands and 10 excellent individual trees are collected; and 92 kinds of herbage germplasm resources such as Equisetum ramosissimum, Nymphaea tetragona and Hemerocallis fulva are recorded. Based on the distribution of resources, measures such as establishing in situ preservation repositories, off-site preservation repositories, forest germplasm resource databases, and strengthening the protection of rare and endangered plants have been proposed. This paper provides a reference for establishing an information management system for forest and grass germplasm resources in the research area and scientifically formulating long-term protection and utilization plans for forest and grass germplasm resources.

Gray mold is a common disease in strawberry production, which can reduce the yield and quality of strawberry and cause certain economic losses. The pathogen and symptoms of strawberry gray mold, the infection cycle of the disease, the main factors influencing its occurrence, and comprehensive control measures were elaborated. There are many types of pathogens causing strawberry gray mold, mainly including Botrytis cinerea, B. caroliniana, and B. sinoviticola, etc. The main damage is to the fruit, initially showing water-soaked spots, and later expanding into gray-brown soft rot spots covered with mold; infected flower organs, leaves, and petioles show browning, rotting, and mold. The pathogen mainly overwinters in the form of conidia, mycelium, or sclerotia in diseased residues and soil, and spreads through air currents, water vapor, or agricultural operations, infecting plants through wounds or natural openings, and repeatedly reinfecting in a humid environment. The main factors influencing the occurrence of this disease include variety resistance, fruit maturity and whether it is damaged, the amount of bacteria carried by various plant organs, environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, the amount of spores in the air), and cultivation and management measures (close planting, poor ventilation, excessive nitrogen fertilizer application, and continuous cropping). In production, it is recommended to adopt comprehensive control measures including agricultural control measures such as selecting disease-resistant varieties and high ridge mulching cultivation, ecological control measures such as high-temperature fumigation, biological control measures such as applying antagonistic bacteria (such as Bacillus subtilis and Fusarium lateritium Pa2) and plant-derived agents (eugenol, carvacrol), and chemical control measures such as alternating use of low-toxic and highly effective fungicides such as procymidone and boscalid to effectively control the occurrence of strawberry gray mold. In the future, systematic research needs to be conducted in areas such as resistance monitoring systems, development of environmentally friendly fungicides, and disease monitoring and early warning systems to provide references for the control and in-depth study of this disease.

To compare the historical evolution, medicinal effects and chemical components of jujube and Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, the authentic evolution, efficacy verification and active components of two medicinal materials were analyzed. The key components in the pulp and seeds of the two were identified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and the contents of saponin B and spinosin in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Herbal research showed that jujube was mainly produced in Shandong and Shanxi provinces, while Ziziphi Spinosae Semen was mainly produced in the North China Plain and other northern regions. Both contain active components such as flavonoids and triterpenoids, but the content of hypnotic components (such as spinosin and saponin B) in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen was higher after stir-frying. TLC and HPLC showed that both the pulp of jujube and Ziziphi Spinosae Semen contained oleanolic acid and betulinic acid, while the seed of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen only contained betulinic acid, and neither of the two was detected in the seed of jujube. The content of saponin B in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen was determined by HPLC to be 0.021 7 mg/g, and that of spinosin was 0.072 6 mg/g, which might be related to the variety or harvest period. The above results indicated that the flesh components of jujube and Ziziphi Spinosae Semen were similar, but the kernels were significantly different. The medicinal parts of the two cannot be replaced. Ziziphi Spinosae Semen need to be stir-fried to increase efficiency, and their pulp can be developed into food (such as vinegar, pastries) to improve utilization.

To select excellent flue-cured tobacco varieties suitable for planting in Wushan tobacco area, Yunyan 87 was selected as a control to evaluate and analyze three varieties, namely Zhongyan 300, Yunyan 301, and Yunyan 116, by selecting growth period, plant height and other agronomic traits, yield and other economic traits, chemical constituents such as nicotine and aroma quality.The results showed that, in terms of agronomic traits, compared with Yunyan 87, Zhongyan 300, Yunyan 301, and Yunyan 116 all had longer growth periods, better field growth and more effective leaves. Yunyan 116 had better waist leaf development, and the waist leaf length increased by 4.13% compared with CK. In terms of economic traits, Yunyan 116 had a high yield, average price and output value of tobacco leaves, and the proportion of high-grade tobacco leaves after roasting was 83.82%. In terms of tobacco quality, the nicotine content of Yunyan116 C3F grade tobacco was in the appropriate range, and the total sugar and reducing sugar content of tobacco leaves were better. Compared with Yunyan 87, the total sensory score of Yunyan 116 B2F grade was higher. In summary, Yunyan 116 has certain advantages in field growth, economic traits and tobacco quality, which is suitable for planting in Wushan tobacco area, and has a good production and application prospect.

To select the rose varieties with better ornamental effect in summer and autumn, the analytic hierarchy process was used in this study. From the aspects of ornamental traits (C1), plant traits (C2), and resistance traits (C3), 15 indexes such as flower color, flower diameter, and fragrance of 32 rose varieties (including 19 Shrub Roses such as ‘Elizabeth Stuart’, 8 Floribunda Roses such as ‘Pink Iceberg’, and 5 Hybrid Tea Roses such as ‘Dolce Vita’) were comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that C1 had the highest weight (0.527 8). The analysis of total hierarchical ranking showed that the disease resistance and pest control ability, flower quantity per plant, and flower color were the 3 key factors affecting the ornamental effect of roses in summer and autumn. 32 rose varieties were divided into 4 grades by comprehensive evaluation:grade I included 9 varieties such as ‘Ivor’s Rose ’, which showed strong growth adaptability and high ornamental value, and was suitable for popularization and application in gardens; grade II included 12 varieties such as ‘Flower Girl’, which had excellent adaptability and appreciation, and had certain promotion and application potential; grade III included 9 varieties, such as ‘Iceberg’, which were not good in appreciation, but were adaptable; grade Ⅳ included 2 varieties, such as ‘Kaorikazari’, whose ornamental value and adaptability were relatively low. The results of this study provides references for the selection and garden application of rose varieties in Shanghai and related areas, helping to improve the quality of urban greening and residents viewing experience.

To understand the composition, evolutionary relationship and characteristics of Ricinus communis bZIP gene family members, bioinformatics was used to identify family members, analyze gene structure, protein conserved motifs, phylogenetic analysis, and analysis of protein physicochemical properties, phosphorylation sites, and interactions, as well as gene expression patterns and expression levels in tissues. The results showed that 46 members of the Ricinus communis bZIP gene family were identified, which were located on 10 chromosomes.The gene structure and protein conserved motifs were complex, which can be divided into 11 subfamilies, including 25 motifs. Similar to Arabidopsis, the evolution was more conservative; bZIP protein was a hydrophilic protein located in the nucleus, cell membrane and chloroplast. It played a biological role mainly through the phosphorylation of serine.The proteins RcbZIP18, RcbZIP27, RcbZIP2, RcbZIP17 and RcbZIP46 were associated with each other, participating in each growth cycle of Ricinus communis through the interaction between proteins. They are involved in the developmental regulation of leaf, stem, root and embryo during growth,RcbZIP10, RcbZIP25 and RcbZIP44 showed significant organizational differences in leaves and seeds These results provide references for the functional study of Ricinus communis bZIP gene family members.

To promote the research and development of efficient and environmentally friendly fertilizer alternatives and the resource utilization of agricultural waste, the usability of organic fertilizer substitution for chemical fertilizer was analyzed, its practical application in the production of grain crops and economic crops were discussed, and the impact of reducing chemical fertilizers and applying organic fertilizers on crop yield and quality, soil quality, etc., were analyzed. In terms of availability, it has abundant raw materials for organic fertilizers and high availability. Among them, human and animal manure for producing organic fertilizers is a more suitable method. In practical applications, in the production of grain crops such as rice, wheat, and maize, organic fertilizer partially replaces chemical fertilizers, which can ensure the nutrient supply of rice at various growth stages, improve the nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of wheat grains, and increase the biomass and protein content of maize; in the production of economic crops such as cotton, rapeseed, and pomelo, organic fertilizer partially replaces chemical fertilizers, which can improve cotton quality and yield, effectively reduce the occurrence of rapeseed diseases, and improve the nutrient status of pomelo leaves and fruits. In terms of impact, the application of this technology can help promote crop growth and development, improve crop yield and quality, increase soluble protein and vitamin C content in fruits, etc. improve soil structure, reduce soil pollution risk, and enhance soil nitrogen utilization efficiency. This article provides a reference for the development of green agriculture, circular economy.