To investigate the effects of nitrogen reduction combined with rhizobium inoculation on soybean growth and nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, this study employed mechanical seed coating for rhizobium inoculation. A random block design was adopted，5 treatments were established: local recommended fertilization (CK), recommended fertilization + rhizobium inoculant (T1), recommended fertilization with 20% nitrogen reduction + rhizobium inoculant (T2), recommended fertilization with 40% nitrogen reduction + rhizobium inoculant (T3), and recommended fertilization with 60% nitrogen reduction + rhizobium inoculant (T4). Growth indicators such as plant height and nodule number were measured at the podding stage, while main stem node count, 100-seed weight, yield, and nitrogen use efficiency were determined at harvest. Economic benefits were also calculated.The results showed that during the podding stage of soybeans, compared with CK, each treatment could significantly increase the number of root nodules, fresh weight of root nodules and fresh weight of plants in the podding stage of soybeans. The promoting effect of T3 was better, with the number of root nodules, fresh weight of root nodules and fresh weight of plants being 79.33, 1.20 g and 228.33 g respectively. At harvest, T3 achieved the highest pod weight per plant (59.04 g), 100-seed weight (23.62 g), straw yield (5 130 kg/hm²), and grain yield (3 423.28 kg/hm²), the grain yield increased by 38.3% compared with CK. In terms of nutrient accumulation, T2 exhibited higher nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake. For nitrogen use efficiency, T3 showed the highest nitrogen utilization efficiency (11.49), while T4 had the highest nitrogen uptake efficiency (5.09) and partial factor productivity of nitrogen (56.88 kg/kg). Economically, T3 delivered the highest net income (17 992.95 yuan/hm²), surpassing CK by 7 531.35 yuan/hm².In conclusion, the treatment combining 40% nitrogen reduction with rhizobium inoculation demonstrated optimal performance in promoting soybean growth, enhancing yield, and improving economic benefits.
Based on the soybean production practice in the Southern of Liaoning Province, its high yield and high quality cultivation techniques and the achievements of demonstration applications were summarized. High yield and high quality cultivation techniques include continuous cropping, reasonable crop rotation, deep ploughing, deep loosening and land preparation to increase soil permeability and drought and waterlogging tolerance. Select soybean varieties that are high yielding, high quality and highly resistant; seed coating is carried out using the suspension seed coating agent of fludioxonil·metalaxyl. The planting density is determined based on the characteristics of soybean varieties, soil fertility and climatic conditions, etc. Mechanical sowing is adopted to complete multiple processes such as sowing, fertilization, soil covering and compaction simultaneously. Based on the principles of controlling nitrogen, stabilizing phosphorus and increasing potassium, the proportion of fertilizers should be flexibly adjusted, and appropriate nutrients should be applied in a timely manner. Physical control techniques such as light attraction, sex attraction and food attraction, as well as chemical control techniques such as avermectin benzoate and chloranthobenzamide, are adopted to comprehensively control diseases and pests. According to the “combination of sealing and fixation” weeding strategy, pre-sowing sealing and post-emergence orientation are carried out, and scientific medication is used to ensure the weeding effect in the soybean field. Harvesting by hand or machine, harvesting at the right time, promptly spreading and sun-drying or mechanical drying, and then storing in the warehouse. The technology was demonstrated and applied in the study area. Practice showed that this technology had effectively increased the soybean yield. This article provides a reference for increasing the per-unit yield of soybeans and promoting the high quality development of the industry.
Based on the production practices of summer soybean in Taihe County, Fuyang City, in Northern Anhui Province, its green and high yield cultivation techniques were summarized and analyzed. These techniques include selecting high quality, high yield, lodging resistant, and machine harvestable soybean varieties according to local conditions; fine tillage before planting to improve soil structure through intensive cultivation methods; sowing at the appropriate time and optimizing planting density to fully exploit the yield potential of summer soybean; balancing fertilization with sufficient base fertilizer and timely topdressing based on field growth performance to meet the nutrient and water requirements at different growth stages; scientific field management is adopted during the planting process, including soil sealing and post seedling stem and leaf control to prevent weeds in the field, timely spraying of fungicides such as carbendazim to control root rot, aphids and other pests and diseases, “multi-effect spraying”, spraying 5% uniconazole and other pesticides during the initial flowering period to control plant growth, and scientifically controlling high temperature and heat damage through irrigation and other methods to ensure the robust growth of summer soybeans; and choosing suitable machinery for timely harvesting at maturity to achieve yield increase. By integrating planting techniques such as carefully selected high-quality seeds, balanced fertilization and scientific field management, the yield and quality of summer soybean can be effectively improved. This study provides a reference for high yield summer soybean cultivation in related regions.
Based on the soybean production practices in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, the key technologies for yield improvement, promotion strategies, and the application effectiveness were summarized and analyzed. The key technologies for increasing soybean yield include: selecting high yield and high quality varieties based on local conditions; using insecticides and fungicides for soybean seed coating treatment and inoculating rhizobia to prevent various soybean diseases; fine soil preparation to improve soil fertility and aeration, coupled with timely sowing under suitable moisture conditions; setting appropriate planting density according to plant type and branching characteristics; adopting integrated water and fertilizer technologies such as drip irrigation to achieve precision irrigation and fertilization; combining agricultural, physical, and chemical control methods for comprehensive management of diseases and pests such as soybean aphids and sclerotinia; pre-emergence soil sealing for weed control and foliar spraying for growth promotion during the growing season. Technology promotion strategies include: establishing high standard farmland demonstration zones to showcase technologies such as integrated water fertilizer integration and green comprehensive prevention and control; organizing technical training, on-site demonstrations, distributing technical materials, and setting up technical consultation services to enhance farmers’ scientific knowledge and cultivation skills; establishing special funds for soybean cultivation and introducing preferential policies to ensure the healthy development of related industries. In the demonstration areas of Jiaxiang and Wenshang in Shandong Province, the application of drip irrigation technology for integrated water fertilizer integration, green comprehensive prevention and control, and other key soybean yield improvement technologies effectively increased soybean yield while reducing the incidence of pests and diseases. This study provides a reference for soybean yield improvement in the Huang-Huai-Hai and related region.
To further explore technical measures suitable for soil improvement in saline alkali land in the Yellow River Diversion irrigation area of Ningxia, the ‘Ximeng XM1618’ maize variety was used as the experimental material, and soil remediation agents with different dosage gradients were set up on the basis of unified base fertilizer for experimental study, including fertilizer (CK), fertilizer +150 kg/hm2 soil remediation agent (T1), fertilizer +300 kg/hm2 soil remediation agent (T2), fertilizer +450 kg/hm2 soil remediation agent (T3), fertilizer +600 kg/hm2 soil remediation agent (T4), the growth and development of maize and soil physical and chemical properties were comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that in terms of maize growth and development, T4 treatment had the highest relative growth rates of plant height and stem diameter, which were 25.47% and 51.43% higher than CK, respectively; in terms of chlorophyll content, both T3 and T4 treatments significantly increased the chlorophyll content of maize leaves throughout the entire growth period; in terms of soil physical and chemical properties, the soil pH and total salt content of T2, T3, and T4 treatments were significantly lower than those of CK; the soil organic matter (14.3 g/kg), total nitrogen (92 g/kg), available nitrogen (197 mg/kg), available phosphorus (71 mg/kg), and available potassium (222 mg/kg) contents of T4 were significantly higher than those of CK, increasing by 17.21%, 16.46%, 149.37%, 36.54%, and 96.46%, respectively; in terms of yield and economic benefits, with the increase of soil remediation agent dosage, maize yield had increased. The yield of T4 treatment (11 400 kg/hm2) was the highest, increasing by 23.69% compared to CK; the optimal comprehensive ranking in principal component membership function analysis was achieved through T4 processing. Considering the impact and benefits on the soil environment, it is recommended to apply 600 kg/hm2 of soil remediation agent when planting maize in saline alkali land in the Yellow River Diversion irrigation area of Ningxia, which can effectively improve the soil environment of saline alkali land, increase maize yield and income.
To understand the yield and fertilizer use efficiency of maize under formula fertilization by soil testing conditions, the experiment established five treatments:soil testing and formulated fertilization (NPK), soil testing and formulated fertilization without nitrogen (PK), soil testing and formulated fertilization without phosphorus (NK), soil testing and formulated fertilization without potassium (NP), and no fertilization (CK). The maize yield, yield components, and total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content under different fertilization conditions were measured, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer use efficiency as well as input-output ratio were calculated.The results showed that the NPK treatment had the highest values for ear number, kernel number per ear, 100-kernel weight, and actual yield, reaching 2 928.5 ears/666.7 m², 567.8 kernels, 35.2 g, and 585 kg/666.7 m², respectively. NPK treatment the total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content in maize grains and straw were 9.20%, 3.42%, 5.53% and 10.10%, 3.80%, 14.4%, respectively. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer use efficiency reached 42.26%, 24.38%, and 48.32%, respectively. The input-output ratios for NPK, PK, NK, NP, and CK were 5.33, 4.15, 5.18, 5.25, and 4.58, respectively. These results indicated that the soil testing and formulated fertilization in this experiment effectively improved maize yield and production investment ratio.
The maize production practice in Anhui region was combined, to explore the occurrence patterns of high temperature in summer maize in the area, the impacts of high temperature heat damage on summer maize were summarized, and mitigation measures were constructed. The high frequency period of high temperature and heat damage in the research area was from June 1st to August 10th. High temperature stress can cause damage to the nutritional and reproductive growth of maize, manifested as weak plant growth, decreased photosynthetic capacity, Pollen inactivation, poor pollination and fertilization, obstructed grain filling, and decreased quality. The measures to alleviate high temperature damage to summer maize include actively selecting and applying heat-resistant varieties; adjusting the broadcast schedule to avoid exhaling during periods of frequent high temperatures; irrigation during high temperature period to improve the microclimate in the fields; lightly tap the male ear with a bamboo pole or use a drone to assist in pollination; spraying chemical regulators such as CaCl2 to improve the heat resistance of plants. This article provides a reference for the high and stable yield of summer maize in relevant regions.
The parental sources, breeding process, variety characteristics, seed production techniques, and high yield cultivation techniques of maize variety Zhongxu No.1 were summarized and analyzed. This variety was cultivated with ZF428 as the female parent and ZX410 as the male parent. It was approved by the Anhui Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2024 (approval number: Wanshenyu 2024T004). This variety was planted in the north of the Huai River in Anhui Province, and had the characteristics of good field growth, excellent quality, strong resistance, and high yield. The key points of its seed production technology include selecting plots with good water conservancy conditions and flat terrain as seed production bases; strictly set up isolation zones through methods such as spatial and temporal isolation; staged impurity removal treatment to eliminate mixed seedlings in the field; adopting the method of touching the buds with leaves to remove the male spikes from the maternal plant; reasonably arrange the parent line ratio and sowing schedule; predicting the flowering period and adjust it using chemical and physical methods to ensure that the flowering periods meet; timely harvest and separate storage to prevent mixing. High yield cultivation techniques include selecting suitable plots for light, temperature, fertilizer, and water conditions for planting; sow at the appropriate time and sow content; adopting a single seed sowing machine to ensure reasonable seedling density; soil sealing and weed control before sowing, chemical weed control during the 3-5 leaf stage; apply sufficient basal fertilizer, apply timely topdressing during the bell mouth and pollination periods, and supplement zinc, boron, and other trace element fertilizers in moderation; timely irrigation and timely drainage of accumulated water in the fields; adopting appropriate pesticides to prevent and control pests and diseases such as ground tiger, maize borer, rust, etc.; harvest maize kernels promptly when the milk ripening line completely disappears. This article provides a reference for further promotion and planting of this variety.
To optimize and promote the techniques of potato planting and field management, based on the production practice of potato planting, the technical key points were summarized in the process of its planting and field management from four aspects: variety selection, soil improvement, sowing and fertilization, and field management. Including giving priority to the selection of high quality, high yield and disease resistant varieties; implement in-depth cultivation and carry out reasonable crop rotation; determine the sowing time based on climatic conditions, and determine the sowing density and depth based on the characteristics of the variety; apply fertilizers scientifically and appropriately increase the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers; strengthen hoeing, soil mounding and water management, and appropriate microbial preparations, chemical agents, etc. are adopted to control diseases and pests such as late blight, cutworms and aphids. The above measures have increased the yield and quality of potatoes and improved the economic benefits of growers. This article provides a reference for the scientific planting and field management of potatoes.
Abiotic stresses such as light, drought, heavy metals and salinity are important environmental factors affecting the growth and development of plants. As a natural herbaceous plant, the growth and development of Mentha canadensis can also be affected by abiotic stresses. The effects of abiotic stresses such as light, drought and heavy metals on the germination of Mentha canadensis seeds and the growth of seedlings were reviewed. Blue light significantly promotes the growth of mint stems, while red and blue light can promote the growth of its roots. In a weakened environment, the root system grows slowly, the photosynthetic rate decreases, and the accumulation of organic matter reduces. Under drought stress, the photosynthesis of Mentha canadensis is inhibited, and the integrity of its biofilm structure is affected, which is not conducive to the improvement of its yield and quality. Heavy metals chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) all show the characteristics of promoting the growth of Mentha canadensis at low concentrations and inhibiting it at high concentrations. Moreover, with the increase of the treatment concentration, their physiological activities are affected to varying degrees. Salt and alkali can affect the seed germination of this plant and the growth of the embryo shoot and embryo root. Other factors such as CO2 concentration, moisture content and ambient temperature can all have an impact on the growth of Mentha canadensis. This article provides references for exploring the mechanism of Mentha canadensis’s response to abiotic stress.
To improve the germination rate of artificial isolation and culture of endophytic fungi from Umbilicaria esculenta （Miyoshi） Minks, 12 samples of Umbilicaria esculenta （Miyoshi） Minks in Yellow Mountain were used as the test materials. The conventional lichen fungal isolation technique (the cortex scraping method) was modified, and the scraping cutting method, grinding swirling method, and cortex scraping method were compared for isolating and culturing endolichenic fungi from Umbilicaria esculenta （Miyoshi） Minks in Yellow Mountain in terms of colony morphology and germination efficiency. The results showed that within the same culture time, the colony area of endophytic fungi in Umbilicaria esculenta （Miyoshi） Minks in Yellow Mountain isolated and cultured by the scraping method was larger than that by the scraping of the epidermis. Under the same conditions, the germination rate of colonies obtained by the scraping method was 65.00%, and that by the grinding and spinning method was 52.14%, both of which were higher than 47.86% of the scraping layer method. This study provides a methodological reference for the large scale artificial cultivation and development and utilization of endophytic fungi from Umbilicaria esculenta （Miyoshi） Minks.
Five sampling sites, S1 to S5, were established in Dongtai, Jiangsu Province, to conduct an investigation and monitoring of the aquatic ecology in Huixian Lake and its surrounding waters. The analysis focused on the community composition, dominant species, density, and biomass of plankton. A total of 6 phyla and 68 species of phytoplankton were identified, including Chlorophyta (29 species), Bacillariophyta (18 species), Cyanophyta (15 species), Xanthophyta (3 species), Euglenophyta (2 species) and Chrysophyta (1 species). In addition, there were 26 species of zooplankton in 4 phyla, which include 12 species of rotifers, 5 species of copepods, 5 species of protozoa, and 4 species of cladicornis. The dominant species of phytoplankton belong to 3 phyla and 8 species, namely, 5 species in the Cyanophyta, and 2 species in the Chlorophyta, and 1 species in the Bacillariophyta. There are 10 dominant species of zooplankton in 4 phyla, including 1 species of protozoa, 5 species of rotifers, 1 species of cladoceran and 4 species of copepod. The density of phytoplankton at sampling sites S1-S5 ranged from 1.46×106 to 10.1×106 ind/L with an average density of 4.02×106 ind/L. The highest value appeared in S1 while the lowest was found in S2. Slight differences were observed between S3, S4, and S5. The zooplankton density ranged from 240 to 3 240 ind/L with an average density of 1 848 ind/L. It was highest in S1 and lowest in S4. Zooplankton biomass varied from 0.49 to 4.68 mg/L with an average biomass of 3.06 mg/L. Highest biomass was observed in S1 while the lowest was found in S2. This study provides a reference for the investigation and protection of water ecological biological communities in relevant areas.
The suburban forest park, relying on its abundant forest resources, is a comprehensive platform integrating sightseeing, science popularization and leisure. Scientific planning and management are the cornerstones of its sustainable development. Longyaxia County-level Forest Park in Yangshan County, Guangdong Province was taken as an example to analyze its theme positioning and planning principles, and the key planning points in aspects such as functional zoning, scenic area construction, and plant landscapes were discussed. The theme positioning of the research area is ecological protection, ecological restoration, leisure and recreation, as well as popular science publicity and education. Adhere to the principles of giving priority to protection and sustainable development, adapting measures to local conditions and rational utilization, optimizing layout and implementing in phases. Based on the clear theme and principle requirements, the following planning points were proposed: scientifically divide the functional zones, mainly into 4 areas such as the core landscape area and the general recreational area, and the scenic spots were divided into 5 scenic areas such as the cloud shadow forest area and the chongling scenic area. Carefully create plant landscapes and carry out the transformation of forest types such as pine forests, eucalyptus forests and fruit forests; optimize and upgrade the road traffic network, plan and renovate vehicle lanes, and build corresponding hiking trails and mountain climbing paths; organize the tour routes reasonably according to the movement lines of different scenic spots; carry out land use and community development planning in combination with its own resource characteristics. This article provides a reference for the planning of similar forest parks.
The growth environment, especially soil conditions, has a significant impact on the quality of Chinese medicinal materials such as Gastrodia elata. The research progress on the characteristics of Gastrodia elata growth soil from aspects such as the soil types suitable for the growth of Gastrodia elata, as well as the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the growth soil was summarized. Gastrodia elata thrives in loose and moderately sandy loam. Yellow soil and yellow-brown soil are commonly suitable dominant soil types. Research on the physical properties of Gastrodia elata soil mainly focuses on soil moisture content. In addition, physical properties such as soil texture, porosity, water-holding capacity also affect the quality of Gastrodia elata. In terms of chemical properties, the suitable soil pH for Gastrodia elata is 4.00-6.30, and the organic matter content is 28.63-138.30 g/kg. Among them, phosphorus is crucial for the improvement of its yield and quality. During its cultivation process, effective measures should be focused on to increase the available phosphorus content in the soil. Heavy metals such as lead and arsenic, as well as macromolecular organic substances like valenoic acid and o-heptadecanoyl carnitine, are also its important chemical properties. In terms of biological characteristics, it mainly includes research on soil microbial structure and diversity. Crop rotation or fallow can restore microbial diversity. The application of lime, anti-continuous cropping agents and other improvement agents can regulate the microbial community structure to alleviate continuous cropping obstacles and increase yield.
To promote the research and development of efficient and environmentally friendly fertilizer alternatives and the resource utilization of agricultural waste, the usability of organic fertilizer substitution for chemical fertilizer was analyzed, its practical application in the production of grain crops and economic crops were discussed, and the impact of reducing chemical fertilizers and applying organic fertilizers on crop yield and quality, soil quality, etc., were analyzed. In terms of availability, it has abundant raw materials for organic fertilizers and high availability. Among them, human and animal manure for producing organic fertilizers is a more suitable method. In practical applications, in the production of grain crops such as rice, wheat, and maize, organic fertilizer partially replaces chemical fertilizers, which can ensure the nutrient supply of rice at various growth stages, improve the nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of wheat grains, and increase the biomass and protein content of maize; in the production of economic crops such as cotton, rapeseed, and pomelo, organic fertilizer partially replaces chemical fertilizers, which can improve cotton quality and yield, effectively reduce the occurrence of rapeseed diseases, and improve the nutrient status of pomelo leaves and fruits. In terms of impact, the application of this technology can help promote crop growth and development, improve crop yield and quality, increase soluble protein and vitamin C content in fruits, etc. improve soil structure, reduce soil pollution risk, and enhance soil nitrogen utilization efficiency. This article provides a reference for the development of green agriculture, circular economy.
To evaluate the potential of Bacillus velezensis SX1302 for the biocontrol of wheat Fusarium head blight, plate antagonism assays were conducted to investigate its inhibitory effects against Fusarium graminearum. Additionally, the impacts of different bacterial culture components (cell suspension, cell-free supernatant, heat-treated cell-free supernatant, and cell lysate contents) on F. graminearum growth and deoxynivalenol (DON) production were examined. The field control effect plant growth-promoting traits and its effects on wheat growth of SX1302 were studied. The results demonstrated that B.velezensis SX1302 exhibited strong antagonistic activity against F.graminearum. The cell suspension effectively inhibited spore germination, mycelial growth, and DON production, with inhibition rates of 100%, 68.75%, and 86.89%, respectively. Field trials showed that, compared with spraying PBS, SX1302 treatment reduced the incidence and disease index of wheat Fusarium head blight by 15.20 percentage points and 65.8% , respectively. In terms of growth promotion, SX1302 was capable of producing indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), solubilizing phosphate, and exhibiting ACC deaminase activity. Compared to sterile water soaking, SX1302 inoculation significantly increased root length, stem height, fresh weight, and dry weight by 24.87%, 31.41%, 44.80%, and 17.91%, respectively. In conclusion, B. velezensis SX1302 possesses dual functionalities, including antagonism against F. graminearum and plant growth promotion, making it a promising candidate for developing microbial biocontrol agents and bio-organic fertilizers.
To investigate the effects of single or composed carbon and nitrogen sources on the growth of Streptococcus zooepidemicus, fermentation cultures were conducted using glucose, fructose, sucrose, xylose, galactose, maltose, and brown sugar as carbon sources, and yeast paste, beef paste, peptone, corn steep liquor powder, soybean meal, and (NH4)2SO4 as nitrogen sources under varying conditions. Bacterial yield was measured, and morphological characteristics were observed.The results showed that under single carbon source (glucose) conditions, the strain exhibited better growth with a yield of 4.86 g/L, whereas mixed carbon sources resulted in lower yields. When yeast paste was used as the sole nitrogen source, the highest bacterial yield reached 4.86 g/L. The combination of yeast paste and peptone yielded 5.14 g/L, while the mixture of yeast paste + beef paste + peptone further increased the yield to 5.33 g/L. The morphological characteristics of the strain indicated that it conformed to the typical characteristics of Streptococcus zooepidemicus. In summary, Streptococcus zooepidemicus demonstrated optimal growth when glucose was used as the sole carbon source, while cultivation with multiple mixed nitrogen sources led to higher yields compared to both mixed and single nitrogen source systems.
To explore the effects of different substrates and rooting agent on the survival of Fangcheng Camellia petelotii cuttings, the newly emerging cuttings of this plant in the current year were used as materials, and those without chemical treatment were used as controls (CK). The survival rate of Fangcheng Camellia petelotii cuttings after treatment with different substrates (yellow heart soil, 50% yellow heart soil + 50% light substrate, light substrate) and rooting agent (quick-acting root-growing powder + vitamin B12 original solution, quick-acting root-growing powder, vitamin B12 original solution, ATP rooting powder 200 times diluent, ATP rooting powder 400 times diluent + vitamin B12 original solution) was determined. The results showed that the average survival rate of cuttings using yellow heart soil as the substrate was the highest, reaching 97.91%. The survival rate of Camellia petelotii cuttings treated with the quick-acting root-growing powder of rooting agent + vitamin B12 original solution was the highest, reaching 96.23%. The effects of different substrate and rooting agent treatments on the survival rate of Camellia petelotii cuttings were relatively significant. The combined effect of substrate and rooting agent also affects the survival rate of cuttings.Overall, using yellow heart soil as the culture medium and treating the cuttings of Fangcheng Camellia petelotii with quick-acting root-growing powder and vitamin B12 original solution had the highest survival rate. This article provides a reference for the efficient cultivation of Camellia petelotii seedlings.
To promote the high quality development of the Camellia oleifera industry in Guangxi State-owned Qinlian Forest Farm, this study employed SWOT analysis combined with the Delphi method to evaluate and quantify internal conditions (strengths and weaknesses) and external environments (opportunities and threats) of its Camellia oleifera industry. The results indicated that the internal strengths include favorable hydrothermal conditions, solid industrial foundations, and prominent transportation advantages, while the main weaknesses were limited afforestation land availability and high operational costs. External opportunities encompass robust policy support, substantial market demand potential, and the application of advanced technologies, whereas challenges involve frequent natural disasters, price volatility, and intense industry competition. The comprehensive analysis of the SWOT matrix by Delphi method showed that the scores of both internal and external factors were positive, reflecting the industry’s promising development prospects. Based on the findings, strategies were proposed such as scientific spatial planning to leverage geographical advantages, optimizing the “Camellia oleifera + N” composite management model, and enhancing technological innovation to drive industrial upgrading. This research provide a reference for the sustainable development of the Camellia oleifera industry in the region.
To investigate the effects of wood vinegar on the growth and osmotic substance of Taraxacum mongolicum and Pimpinella brachycarpa, Taraxacum mongolicum and Pimpinella brachycarpa were used as experimental materials. Wood vinegar diluted 5 times, 10 times, 20 times, 50 times, and 100 times was sprayed on the leaves, and water was sprayed as the control (CK). The growth, chlorophyll, soluble sugar, and soluble protein content of the 2 wild vegetables were measured. The results showed that in terms of growth indicators, spraying diluted 50 times wood vinegar solution could significantly increase Taraxacum mongolicum leaf length, leaf number, and plant height; spraying diluted 20 times wood vinegar solution could significantly increase the plant height, stem thickness, and dry matter accumulation of large leaved celery. In terms of chlorophyll content, the SPAD values of both wild vegetables were higher when diluted 20 times with wood vinegar solution and sprayed. In terms of soluble sugars, diluting 50 times with wood vinegar could significantly increase the soluble sugar content of Taraxacum mongolicum, and diluting 20 times with wood vinegar could significantly increase the soluble sugar content of Pimpinella brachycarpa. The soluble proteins of both wild vegetables were higher when diluted 20 times with wood vinegar solution and sprayed. In summary, under the conditions of this experiment, spraying wood vinegar diluted 20-50 times has a promoting effect on the growth of Taraxacum mongolicum and Pimpinella brachycarpa seedlings.
202 Carthamus tinctorius germplasm samples such as PI 195895 and PI 195825 were used as materials. Methods such as coefficient of variation analysis, diversity index analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis were adopted to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of seven agronomic traits including plant height and the height of the first branch. The results showed that the average coefficient of variation of the 7 agronomic traits of 202 Carthamus tinctorius germplasm resources ranged from 13.08% to 63.80%, and the genetic diversity index ranged from 1.812 to 2.063. The difference in seed yield per plant among the tested materials was the greatest, with a coefficient of variation of 63.80%, and the genetic diversity index of plant height was the largest, which was 2.063. The correlations among the 7 agronomic traits were relatively high. Principal component analysis simplified the 7 agronomic traits into 3 principal components, with a cumulative contribution rate of 75.703%. The seed yield per plant, the height of the first branch, and the weight of 100 seeds were the key factors affecting the phenotypic differences of safflower germplasm resources. The comprehensive scores of the top 10 safflower germplasms ranged from -1.49 to 1.75 points, namely F139, F157, F144, etc. Their fruit ball diameters, the number of effective balls per plant and the weight of 100 seeds were all relatively high. Cluster analysis classified 202 Carthamus tinctorius germplasm resources into 4 categories. Group Ⅰ contained 46 Carthamus tinctorius materials. Group Ⅱ contained only 1 germplasm (PI 369853), with the large number of seeds per plant and the high seed yield per plant. Group Ⅲ contained 24 Carthamus tinctorius materials. Group Ⅳ contained 30 Carthamus tinctorius materials. This study provides a reference for the effective utilization of Carthamus tinctorius germplasm and variety breeding.
To compare the historical evolution, medicinal effects and chemical components of jujube and Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, the authentic evolution, efficacy verification and active components of two medicinal materials were analyzed. The key components in the pulp and seeds of the two were identified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and the contents of saponin B and spinosin in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Herbal research showed that jujube was mainly produced in Shandong and Shanxi provinces, while Ziziphi Spinosae Semen was mainly produced in the North China Plain and other northern regions. Both contain active components such as flavonoids and triterpenoids, but the content of hypnotic components (such as spinosin and saponin B) in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen was higher after stir-frying. TLC and HPLC showed that both the pulp of jujube and Ziziphi Spinosae Semen contained oleanolic acid and betulinic acid, while the seed of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen only contained betulinic acid, and neither of the two was detected in the seed of jujube. The content of saponin B in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen was determined by HPLC to be 0.021 7 mg/g, and that of spinosin was 0.072 6 mg/g, which might be related to the variety or harvest period. The above results indicated that the flesh components of jujube and Ziziphi Spinosae Semen were similar, but the kernels were significantly different. The medicinal parts of the two cannot be replaced. Ziziphi Spinosae Semen need to be stir-fried to increase efficiency, and their pulp can be developed into food (such as vinegar, pastries) to improve utilization.
To provide accurate meteorological forecasting services to crisp pear farmers in Dangshan County, Anhui Province, this article uses daily minimum temperature data from 5 orchards, A, B, C, D, and E, in the concentrated pear planting area of Dangshan County from March to April of 2017 to 2023, as well as daily minimum temperature data from the Dangshan National Basic Meteorological Observation Station. A simple linear regression equation was used to establish a meteorological forecasting model for the minimum temperature of crisp pear orchards during the flowering period, and this model was used to test and forecast the minimum temperature of crisp pear orchards during the flowering period in March to April 2024. The results showed that the 5 minimum temperature prediction models for orchards A, B, C, D, and E were as follows: y A=0.917 6x A-1.164 9，y B=0.908 6x B-0.342 6，y C=0.984 1x C-1.792 1，y D=0.974 7x D-0.314 6，y E=0.928 4x E-0.547 1, where x was the daily minimum temperature forecast value for Dangshan, and y was the daily minimum temperature forecast value for the orchard. The R 2 values of the model tests were all greater than 0.8, indicating that the model had a good forecasting effect; the average absolute errors of the 5 minimum temperature prediction models for orchards were 1.6, 1.2, 1.4, 0.6, and 1.2 ℃, respectively, all of which were less than 2 ℃, and the average absolute error was smaller and more accurate than using the minimum temperature of Dangshan National Basic Meteorological Observatory as the minimum temperature prediction for orchards. The average absolute errors between the forecast results and the actual situation were 1.4, 1.1, 1.2, 0.8, and 1.1 ℃, respectively, all of which were less than 2 ℃, and were smaller than the average absolute error of using the lowest temperature forecast value of Dangshan as the lowest temperature forecast value for orchards, making the prediction more accurate. This indicates forecasting model for the orchard is convenient to use, has good forecasting effects, and can be applied to practical meteorological forecasting operations. This article provides a reference for improving the accuracy of regional daily minimum temperature forecasting.
To evaluate the process, operation, and technology of tobacco baking, effectively trace and analyze the problems that occur during baking, a tobacco intelligent baking information assessment model was designed with Zhongyan 100 tobacco leaves as the research object. The model was applied to assess and score the baking personnel (baking technicians and full-time baking personnel) using a self comparison design, and the quality of the tobacco leaves after baking was analyzed. This model was applied to assess and score curing personnel and analyze the quality of cured tobacco leaves. The model consists of a curing execution unit, a data acquisition unit, and an evaluation unit. Alarm rules were established based on recommended curing techniques and scoring criteria, and comprehensive scores were statistically calculated.After implementation, the number of curing specialists scoring above 80 points increased by five, while those scoring below 60 decreased by nine. The number of full-time curing staff scoring above 80 points increased by six. The average comprehensive score across areas improved by 2.03 points, an increase of 2.77%. The total appearance quality score of cured tobacco leaves rose by 11.9 points, a 30.59% improvement. The starch content in cured tobacco leaves decreased by 7.29 percentage points, while the total content of aroma compounds increased by 628.71 μg/g, a 75.88% enhancement.In summary, this model enables problem tracing through data analysis and promotes corrective actions via assessment scoring, thereby improving the quality of tobacco curing and contributing to the advancement of curing standards in tobacco-growing regions.
Automatic registration technology for remote sensing image is a critical foundation for multi-source image collaborative analysis. By establishing spatial mapping relationships, it addresses geometric inconsistencies between images and supports quantitative processing of surface information. This paper summarizes two mainstream registration technologies (gray-based and feature-based methods) and their related improvements, introduces applications of automatic registration in agriculture, and provides prospects for future development. Currently, gray-based methods enhance registration accuracy and efficiency by optimizing similarity metrics (e.g., cross-correlation, mutual information) and improving parameter-solving algorithms (e.g., ant colony optimization, particle swarm-Powell hybrid strategies). However, limitations persist in handling large-scale deformations and data redundancy. Feature-based methods achieve efficient registration through geometric feature extraction and matching (e.g., SIFT, SURF, and their variants), yet face challenges such as error accumulation and insufficient adaptation to local distortions. Recent advancements in deep learning, including end-to-end feature learning, convolutional neural network-based optical flow correction, and self-supervised methods, have significantly improved registration robustness. In agricultural applications, feature-based enhanced algorithms (e.g., SNS algorithm, adaptive corner detection, and dual-feature hybrid models) have been successfully applied to citrus plantation monitoring, rice growth assessment, and hilly farmland image registration, achieving efficiency gains and high precision. Future research should focus on addressing challenges such as local distortions caused by complex terrains, insufficient training data, and non-Euclidean structural feature extraction, while advancing the integration of deep learning with multimodal optimization algorithms to drive remote sensing image registration technology toward higher precision and intelligent development.
To address the frequent flood disasters during the rainy season in Jiuchengfan farm, this study provides references for the construction of the new Qiba pumping station to enhance regional drainage capacity by optimizing drainage sub-zone division and verifying pump station capacity.Based on the topographic conditions of the polder area and the distribution of existing water conservancy facilities, the drainage scope was determined, and the Jiucheng drainage area was divided into three sub-zones: Huanghu, Bohu, and Yangwan River. Considering the feasibility of upgrading drainage standards for the central farm area and other towns, the drainage standards for farmland and urban areas were set as 10-year return period (175 mm/d) and 20-year return period (200 mm/d) respectively, requiring 1-day rainfall of maximum 1-day storm to be drained within 1 day. Using the average exclusion method and comprehensively considering the storage effect of ditches and ponds, the total pumping discharge of each sub-zone was calculated by weighted averaging, based on runoff coefficients of different underlying surfaces (0.78 for cotton fields, 0.65 for dry wastelands, 0.85 for villages, and 0.90 for urban areas) and their catchment areas. The calculation results show that the total pumping discharge of the Yangwan River sub-zone is 37.1 m³/s. After deducting the capacity of existing pump stations, the designed pumping discharge of the new Qiba pumping station is 10.5 m³/s. This study provides references for optimizing pump station capacity and managing flood disasters in polder areas along lakes.
To improve the efficiency of agricultural water resource utilization, the types and applications in agricultural water conservancy of efficient water-saving irrigation technologies were explored, and the relevant promotion strategies were proposed. Efficient water-saving irrigation technologies includes channel anti-seepage, pipeline water delivery, drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, and micro-irrigation, which can improve water resource utilization efficiency to varying degrees, promote crop yield and quality improvement. However, there may also be limitations such as being affected by freezing damage, high maintenance costs, water evaporation, and large initial investment. Suitable technologies need to be selected according to the actual situation. In terms of promotion strategies, choose irrigation methods that are suitable for terrain, topography, and hydrological conditions, plan and layout irrigation facilities such as anti-seepage channels and pipeline water transmission reasonably, and regularly inspect and maintain them; strengthen the guidance and application of water-saving technologies such as drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation to achieve the goals of reducing costs and creating a water-saving atmosphere; accelerate the innovative research and development of technologies such as micro irrigation, and improve the application efficiency and benefits of efficient water-saving irrigation in agriculture; strengthen demonstration promotion and publicity, enhance audience awareness and acceptance. This article provides a reference for the promotion and application of efficient water-saving irrigation technology, achieve rational allocation and efficient utilization of water resources.
To better meet the demand for versatile and innovative talents in modern society, the current situation of Pesticide Marketing and Management course teaching was analyzed from 3 aspects: teaching content, teaching methods, and assessment evaluation, based on the background of first-class courses, and corresponding teaching reform measures were proposed. In terms of the teaching current situation, there are systematic deficiencies in the teaching content of this course, insufficient proportion of process evaluation in assessment. To this end, the following reform measures are proposed: innovate teaching content, scientifically reconstruct and modularize knowledge points, strengthen innovation, and set challenging teaching content; optimize teaching methods, adopt blended online and offline teaching, flipped classroom teaching model, design multimedia courseware, stimulate students’ interest in learning, and improve classroom participation; adopting a diversified evaluation system, increasing the proportion of process assessment to 50%, and assessing students’ ability to solve practical problems through open-ended comprehensive application questions. Practice shows that under this teaching reform model, teaching effectiveness has been significantly improved, and the average score of student comprehensive assessment has increased from 74.60 points to 85.30 points. This article provides a reference for the reform and innovation of the talent training model for pesticide marketing and management.
To enhance the quality of talents training in agricultural product quality and safety testing technology, the current teaching status of this course was analyzed, and the corresponding teaching reform strategies were proposed. In terms of the current situation, there are aspects for improvement in this course, such as insufficient alignment between teaching content and actual job requirements, single teaching scenario and methods, insufficient opportunities for students to practice practical skills, insufficiently diversified teaching team structure, and a focus on results in assessment and evaluation. To this end, the following measures are proposed: focusing on industrialized teaching content, integrating local characteristic agricultural products such as prickly pear and ham for deep processing product testing; refactoring the teaching scene of integrating industry, education, science, and innovation, focusing on the hot topics of characteristic agricultural product testing, and creating an integrated platform; optimizing online and offline teaching methods, expanding students’ practical resources through pre class, in class, and post class teaching activities; building a teaching team that combines both specialized and part-time roles, and achieving curriculum co-construction and resource sharing; improvng a diversified evaluation system to achieve comprehensive assessment of students. Practice shows that under this teaching reforms, students’ innovation and practical abilities have been improved, and they have achieved ideal results in various competition activities. This article provides a reference for the teaching reform of related food courses.
To continuously optimize the Agronomy majors talent training model and path under the background of new agricultural science, the current situation of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Basic course teaching in agricultural colleges was analyzed from 4 aspects: curriculum design, faculty team, practical teaching, and integration of industry and education. Corresponding teaching reform strategies were proposed, and the effectiveness of teaching reform was evaluated. In terms of the current situation, there are areas that need improvement, such as insufficient interdisciplinary curriculum, some teachers lacking frontline entrepreneurial experience limited opportunities for innovation and entrepreneurship practice, and insufficient integration of industry and education. In terms of countermeasures, optimize the curriculum design and promote the integration of innovation and entrepreneurship courses with other disciplines; strengthen the construction of the teaching staff, allowing teachers to participate in actual business or research and development projects in enterprises; strengthen practical training and promote the combination of “field classroom” and project-based teaching; promote the integration of industry and education, and jointly carry out technology research and development activities with enterprises; encourage competition to promote learning and motivate students to explore agricultural technology innovation in depth. The practical results show that this teaching reform has effectively enhanced students’ innovation and entrepreneurship abilities. Some students’ agricultural entrepreneurship projects have received funding support from investment institutions and have been successfully transformed into actual products or services. This article provides references for promoting the development of agricultural education.
To meet the demand for agricultural talents in the development of new agricultural science, the current situation of collaborative practical ability training between undergraduate and master’s students in agricultural science was analyzed, specific training measures were proposed, and the potato genetic breeding research group was used as a practical case for analysis. In terms of the current situation, some course offerings need to be optimized, some students lack sufficient opportunities to intern and practice in modern agricultural bases, some teachers’ practical skills need to be improved, and the mechanism of school enterprise joint training needs to be deepened. To this end, the following measures are proposed: reasonably setting up basic and professional courses, offering comprehensive experiments, and integrating interdisciplinary experimental training courses; building a practical teaching base that combines cultivation techniques, breeding theory with advanced agricultural equipment, digital intelligent breeding, and other technologies during practical internships; strengthening the construction of a “dual teacher” team, strengthening practical cooperation between schools and enterprises, and establishing a positive cooperative relationship with farms. In terms of practical cases, undergraduate and master’s students are required to self-study potato cultivation and breeding, molecular biology, and other knowledge, assign different breeding tasks, enhance teachers’ practical abilities, build a molecular breeding platform, conduct regular group meetings to report, and establish practical evaluation standards. This article provides a reference for establishing a collaborative training model for undergraduate and graduate students that is suitable for practical development.
The current situation and foundation of the “one county, one specialty”industry in Ma’anshan City in Anhui Provice was analyzed, and the gaps in the development of the“one county, one specialty”industry were analyzed. Based on this, corresponding countermeasures were proposed. Relying on the“one county, one specialty”model, the research area focuses on developing three characteristic industries: Hanshan rice, Hexian vegetables, and Dangtu crabs. It had initially formed a full industrial chain layout, with large-scale operation entities covering leading enterprises, cooperatives, and family farms. However, compared with the leading domestic industries of the same type, the characteristic industries in the research area still have certain gaps in terms of processing level, product research and development, industrial chain, industrial elements, brand building, etc. Based on this, a series of strategies were proposed, including boosting technological innovation through seed industry research and development, enhanced academia-industry collaboration, and digital transformation; strengthening the “three products” (variety, quality, and brand) via superior seed cultivation, quality enhancement, and standardized production; fostering market leaders by supporting dominant enterprises and targeted investment; promoting tri-sector integration through market-driven marketing systems and agriculture-culture-tourism-sports convergence; innovating service models in finance and organizational structures. This article provides a reference for promoting the development of the “one county, one specialty” characteristic industries and facilitating the high quality development of rural industries.
To promote labor reduction, cost saving, quality improvement, and efficiency enhancement in flue-cured tobacco cultivation, conducted pilot trials to explore an “direct purchase and direct transfer” tobacco leaf procurement model based on the conventional procurement system. The workflow of this model includes the following steps: removing green and impurities after stalk removal, professional grading, farmer confirmation, packaging and storage, appointment-based sales, mobile procurement at curing barns, weighing, and direct transfer to industrial warehouses. By relocating professional grading to an earlier stage, implementing centralized storage, the model utilizes QR codes as the core tool to integrate “data flow” with “business flow” in tobacco procurement. This ensures comprehensive process control, full-chain quality traceability, and closed-loop management across all stages, achieving integrated operations in “grading, procurement, and transfer”. Benefit analysis demonstrates that, compared to the conventional model, this approach reduces farmers’ sales costs by 27.16%, decreases procurement costs at tobacco stations by 48.75%, and enhances industrial sorting efficiency by 15.79%. These improvements contribute significantly to the overall quality and efficiency of the tobacco industry.
