This paper provided a systematic review of the parental characteristics and key seed production techniques for the hybrid rice Shengliangyou 1066. The female parent is the thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) line Shun 1008S, which exhibits good cold tolerance and favorable propagation ability, has a critical sterility-inducing temperature of 23.5 ℃, and reaches its peak flowering between 10:30 and 11:00 a.m. The male parent is Yuehe Simiao, which possesses strong lodging resistance, moderate cold tolerance, good maturity performance, and enters full flowering from 11:00 a.m. to 12:00 noon. Shengliangyou 1066 was officially registered and released by Anhui Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2024 (approval number: Wanshendao 2024L021). The combination is characterized by high and stable yield, excellent grain quality, strong resistance to diseases and lodging, and relatively early maturity. Yihuang County has a mild climate and abundant light, heat, and water resources, providing suitable conditions for hybrid rice seed production. The production base should be selected in low hilly and mountainous areas at an altitude of approximately 200 m, where the probability of extreme weather events is relatively low. The female parent is sown on June 3 and transplanted around June 29, whereas the first and second batches of the male parent are sown on May 20 and May 28, respectively, and transplanted around June 20. For field management, 300 kg/hm² of 45% compound fertilizer is applied as basal fertilizer, with supplementary topdressing conducted at 7 days and 13 days after female transplanting, as well as 7 days before panicle initiation. Shallow irrigation is maintained during transplanting, followed by deep-water management for seedling recovery and shallow-water management for tillering. Following the principle of “prevention first with integrated measures”, Jinggangmycin is applied to control sheath blight, and 30% prothioconazole OD is used to prevent false smut. The panicle development stage is predicted using the young panicle dissection method, and flowering synchronization is regulated through field drying, nitrogen restriction, and foliar application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. When 3%-5% of female panicles have emerged, gibberellic acid (GA3) is applied twice. Artificial supplementary pollination is carried out from the initial heading stage, which occurs around August 15. Roging is performed timely based on morphological traits such as plant height and stigma color to ensure high seed purity. The male parent is removed after pollination, which is completed around August 25. The female parent is harvested when the grain maturity reaches 85%, approximately 26 days after the second GA3 application. After harvest, the seeds are dried to a moisture content below 13.0% and then cleaned and stored. This study provides a reference for the large-scale seed production of Shengliangyou 1066.
This paper summarized the breeding process, characteristics, and key cultivation techniques of the wheat variety Wanmai 818. This variety was developed through sexual hybridization with Aikang 58 as the female parent and Huaimai 32 as the male parent, followed by multiple years of pedigree selection. It was officially registered by the Anhui Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2021 (Approval No. Wanshenmai 20211018). In regional trials and production tests, the variety achieved average grain yields ranging from 8 175.2 to 9 407.7 kg/hm2, with plant heights between 83.5 and 88.2 cm. It exhibits strong tillering capacity and good cold tolerance. It is moderately susceptible to Fusarium head blight and powdery mildew, and susceptible to sheath blight. Quality analysis indicates that it meets the standards for medium-gluten wheat, with comprehensively favorable agronomic traits, making it suitable for extended cultivation in the Northern Anhui region. The key cultivation techniques include: a fertilization strategy combining organic manure and chemical fertilizers, combined with deep tillage to improve soil properties; timely sowing (October 10-20) at appropriate soil moisture with a suitable seeding rate (basic seedling population of 1.50-2.25 million seedlings/hm2); nitrogen fertilizer management following a “light at early stage, moderate at mid-stage, and supplementary at late stage” approach to enhance lodging resistance and delay senescence; and integrated pest, disease, and weed management, including ditch clearing for moisture regulation and seed dressing with fungicides/insecticides. For Fusarium head blight control, the principle of “spraying at flowering initiation” (prothioconazole and phenamacril) should be adhered to, while early prevention and control of powdery mildew and sheath blight (tebuconazole and thifluzamide) should be implemented. This paper provides a reference for the promotion and cultivation of Wanmai 818.
To screen suitable winter wheat varieties for planting in the Zibo region, Shandong Province, 8 winter wheat varieties (Jimai 38, Jimai 70, Jimai 55, Luyan 951, Luyan 373, Xinmai 807, Shannong 56, and Jinlai 36) were used as materials in this experiment, and their growth duration, stress resistance, and yield were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that the growth duration of all varieties ranged from 235 to 239 days, with Jimai 70, Jimai 55, and Xinmai 807 having shorter durations of 235 days. In terms of stress resistance performance, all varieties exhibited frost damage at grade 4, characterized by leaf desiccation, and no lodging occurred in any variety. Jimai 55 was affected by Fusarium head blight and powdery mildew; Luyan 951 and Xinmai 807 showed slight susceptibility to powdery mildew; while no disease symptoms were observed in the other varieties. Regarding grain yield, Jimai 70 and Luyan 951 achieved relatively higher yields of 10 050.0 and 9 906.0 kg/hm2, respectively, demonstrating favorable yield advantages. In summary, Jimai 70 and Luyan 951 are recommended for extended cultivation in the study area and in ecologically similar regions.
To investigate the effects of subsoiling timing on soil water retention performance and summer maize yield, 3 tillage treatments were established in this experiment: conventional plowing (CT), autumn subsoiling (ST-A), and summer subsoiling (ST-S). Soil bulk density, soil water content, summer maize yield, and water use efficiency were analyzed for each treatment. The results showed that, in terms of soil bulk density, both subsoiling treatments (ST-S and ST-A) reduced bulk density in the 20-30 cm soil layer at both the seedling and harvest stages of summer maize. Regarding soil water content, differences among treatments in the 0-40 cm soil layer were relatively small at the seedling stage, while in the 40-60 cm layer, the ST-S treatment exhibited the highest water content. At the harvest stage, the water content in the 0–40 cm layer ranked as ST-S > ST-A > CT, whereas in the 40-100 cm layer, the ST-A treatment showed the highest value, indicating that subsoiling treatments had superior water retention capacity compared with CT. In terms of yield and yield components, compared with CT, the ST-S and ST-A treatments increased kernel number per panicle by 0.95% and 1.88%, respectively, increased 1 000-kernel weight by 1.70% and 9.51%, respectively, and increased grain yield by 5.94% and 14.67%, respectively. For water use efficiency, the ST-S and ST-A treatments improved by 1.20% and 13.25%, respectively, relative to CT. In summary, the autumn subsoiling treatment demonstrated superior performance in reducing soil bulk density, maintaining soil moisture, and enhancing both summer maize grain yield and water use efficiency.
This paper summarized the breeding process, characteristics, and key cultivation techniques of the wheat variety Huiyan 66. This variety is a medium-maturity wheat variety developed through a three-way cross breeding strategy (Han 4564 / Zhoumai 18 // Xinmai 13) combined with pedigree selection. It was successively registered by the Anhui Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2020 (Wanshenmai 20200010). The variety has a plant height of 81.5 cm, and a whole growth duration of 224.6 days. The average yield in regional trials from 2016 to 2018 ranged from 487.2 to 556.2 kg/667 m2. Quality analysis indicates that it meets the standards for medium-strong gluten wheat. Disease resistance evaluation shows that it is moderately resistant to powdery mildew and stripe rust. The supporting cultivation techniques include: fine land preparation and timely sowing (in the first to middle ten days of October); a fertilization strategy based primarily on base fertilizer supplemented by topdressing; pre-winter seedling inspection and gap-filling, post-winter cultivation for soil loosening at the greening stage, and population regulation at the jointing stage; disease, pest, and weed control following the principle of “prevention first, integrated management”, integrating agricultural (reasonable crop rotation), physical (installation of insecticidal lamps), biological (planting nectar crops to attract natural enemies), and chemical control (27% phenyl ether · pyrrole · thiamethoxam suspension seed coating agent for seed mixing) measures; and mechanical harvesting at the late waxy maturity stage. This paper provides a reference for the promotion and cultivation of Huiyan 66.
To investigate the effects of different “one-spray-three-prevention” pesticide formulations on wheat diseases, pests, and yield, Zhongmai 578 was used as the test variety, with water spraying as the control (CK). 6 pesticides were selected: 40% tebuconazole·prochloraz SE (T1), 40% tebuconazole·prochloraz EW (T2), 35% pyraclostrobin·tebuconazole SE (T3), 45% tebuconazole·prochloraz EW (T4), 31% propiconazole·thiram SC (T5), and 40% prothioconazole·tebuconazole SC (T6). Each was applied in combination with 0.01% 24-epibrassinolide AS. Spray once at the early flowering stage and once at the full flowering stage, After application, wheat safety was observed, and the control efficacy against aphids, powdery mildew, and leaf rust, as well as their effects on yield, were investigated. The results showed that no obvious phytotoxicity occurred in any treatment group, indicating strong safety of all tested formulations. All pesticide treatments exhibited certain control effects against wheat aphids, powdery mildew, and leaf rust. Among them, T6 and T3 showed better control effects against aphids, with the average rate of aphid-infested spikes reduced by 9.24 and 7.46 percentage points, respectively, compared with CK. T3, T5, and T6 demonstrated better control effects against both powdery mildew and leaf rust, with the diseased plant rate of powdery mildew approaching 0, and the control efficacy against leaf rust exceeding 99.90%. In terms of yield, T4 performed the best, with a thousand-grain weight of 54.73 g, test weight of 764.93 g/L, unsound kernel rate of 0.76%, and average yield of 669.12 kg/667 m². In summary, different pesticide formulations have different control priorities, and suitable formulations should be selected according to local conditions in production.
To investigate the effects of topdressing methods on the growth and physiological characteristics of onion, the onion variety Zibao No. 1 was used as the material. Under potted conditions, 6 treatments were set up: no fertilizer control (CK), conventional basal fertilizer application (T1), basal fertilizer + conventional topdressing (T2), liquid topdressing (T3), reduced fertilizer + liquid topdressing (T4), and increased fertilizer + liquid topdressing (T5). Changes in onion growth, chlorophyll content, root activity, and soluble sugar content under different treatments were analyzed. The results showed that on the 20th and 40th days, the fresh weight of T3 treatment was increased by 40.09% and 20.79%, respectively, compared with T2 treatment, and the dry matter accumulation was increased by 25.42% and 28.79%, respectively, compared with T2. No statistically significant differences were observed in chlorophyll a content among T3, T4, and T5 treatments (P > 0.05). The contents of chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and total chlorophyll were highest in T3 treatment. On the 20th and 40th days, root activity in T3 treatment was increased by 13.02% and 17.26%, respectively, compared with T2 treatment. The soluble sugar content in T3 treatment was significantly higher than that in CK, T1, T2, and T4 treatments. Collectively, it was indicated that liquid topdressing treatment was beneficial for promoting onion growth.
The key technical points of the annual rotation cropping system for arched greenhouse thick-skinned sweet melon, bell pepper, and morel mushroom were summarized. The primary cultivation facility is the arch greenhouse (height ≥ 2.0 m, width 6-14 m), with double-layer plastic film or additional thermal insulation blankets to enhance insulation. Sandy loam or loam soil with a pH of 5.5-8.0 is preferred. Apply mature organic fertilizer (2.1-2.8 t/667 m2) or microbial biofertilizer (250-300 kg/667 m2) before planting. Thick-skinned sweet melons are planted in April and harvested in late June, bell peppers are planted in mid-July and harvested in mid-November, and morel mushrooms are sown in early December and harvested by mid-April the following year. Early-maturing, disease-resistant sweet melon varieties such as Luhoutian No. 4 are recommended, while stable fruit-setting varieties like Venus are suitable for bell peppers. Morel mushrooms primarily utilize the Qimei and Liumei strains. In seedling cultivation, sweet melon seeds are soaked in warm water at 55 ℃ and disinfected with potassium permanganate before sprouting at 28-30 ℃, while bell pepper seeds are soaked in 30 ℃ warm water and disinfected before sprouting at 25-28 ℃. The seedling substrate is a mixture of peat, perlite, and vermiculite in a 2∶1∶1 ratio. For field management, drip irrigation with precision fertilization is employed. Sweet melons receive high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer plus potassium dihydrogen phosphate during the fruit expansion stage, while bell peppers are fertilized with balanced water-soluble fertilizers and supplemented with trace elements during the seedling stage. No fertilization is applied to morel mushrooms during the mycelium growth phase. In plant management, sweet melons are trained with single vine pruning, bell peppers with double stem pruning. Sweet melons are left with 1-2 healthy fruits per plant and bagged, bell peppers with 2-3 high quality fruits per plant, and morel mushrooms are promptly cleaned if infected by Trichoderma. Disease and pest control adheres to the principle of “prevention first, integrated management”, including disease-resistant varieties and thorough garden cleaning; insect-proof nets, sticky traps, and high-temperature greenhouse fumigation; spraying Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, and releasing natural predators; timely application of highly effective, low-toxicity agents based on crop conditions. Early-maturing sweet melon varieties are harvested 38-45 days after flowering, late-maturing varieties 45-50 days later. Bell peppers are harvested based on fruit maturity and market demand, while morel mushrooms are harvested 7-10 days after emergence when the caps change color and the ridges become distinct. This crop rotation model achieves efficient utilization of facilities and annual crop production.
To screen the optimal substrate ratio for cutting propagation of Chrysanthemum morifolium, peat, perlite, vermiculite, burnt soil ash, yellow subsoil, and rice husk ash were used as raw materials. 4 substrate ratios were set in the experiment, including treatment A (burnt soil ash), treatment B (burnt soil ash∶perlite∶vermiculite=5∶3∶2), treatment C (peat∶perlite∶vermiculite=5∶3∶2), and treatment D (peat∶perlite∶rice husk ash∶yellow subsoil=5∶2∶2∶1). The callus differentiation time, rooting time, survival rate, root growth indices (root number, root length, root diameter), and above-ground growth status of cuttings were determined. The results showed that all substrate treatments exerted significant effects on the growth of Chrysanthemum morifolium cuttings. Among them, treatment D exhibited the best comprehensive performance. Cuttings in treatment D achieved early callus differentiation at 7 days after cutting and rapid rooting at 10 days after cutting, with a final survival rate of 100%. Meanwhile, the cuttings developed a vigorous root system, with an average root number of 30, average root length of 11.93 cm, and average root diameter of 0.4 mm. The above-ground seedlings grew robustly, with a plant height of 13.43 cm and stem diameter of 4.43 mm. In addition, treatment D presented the highest integration degree (99%) between root system and substrate, which was beneficial to the later transplanting of seedlings. In conclusion, the substrate ratio of peat∶perlite∶rice husk ash∶yellow subsoil = 5∶2∶2∶1 is suitable for the cutting propagation of Chrysanthemum morifolium.
To investigate the effects of organic-inorganic fertilizer combined application on the growth, yield and fruit quality of Guanyousu pear from Wucheng County, Shandong Province, this study selected local 4-year-old Guanyousu pear as the research object. 6 treatments were set up: conventional inorganic fertilizer (CK), 20% organic fertilizer + 80% inorganic fertilizer (T1), 40% organic fertilizer + 60% inorganic fertilizer (T2), 60% organic fertilizer + 40% inorganic fertilizer (T3), 80% organic fertilizer + 20% inorganic fertilizer (T4), and 100% organic fertilizer (T5). The new shoot germination length and thickness, leaf SPAD value, as well as yield and fruit quality under each treatment were measured. The results showed that under the T2 treatment, the new shoot length, thickness and leaf SPAD value of the Guanyousu pear were 88.72 cm, 15.82 mm and 59.31 respectively, which were increased by 8.63%, 62.59% and 29.72% compared with CK; under the T3 treatment, the new shoot length, thickness and leaf SPAD value of the Guanyousu pear were 88.54 cm, 15.76 mm and 59.45 respectively, which were increased by 8.41%, 61.97% and 30.03% compared with CK; the per plant yield under the T2 and T3 treatment was 52.31 and 52.34 kg, respectively, which was increased by more than 20% compared with CK; the soluble solids, soluble sugars and vitamin C contents of the fruits in the treatments with combined application of organic-inorganic fertilizer (T2 and T3 treatments) were increased by 10% to 15% compared with the control group (CK). Overall, the combined application of organic-inorganic fertilizer can promote the growth of new shoots and fruit development of Guanyousu pear trees, achieve increased yield, and significantly optimize the flavor and nutritional quality of the fruits. Among them, when the proportion of organic fertilizer replacing inorganic fertilizer is 40% to 60%, the overall performance is better. This article provides a reference for scientific fertilization, efficient cultivation and high quality production of Guanyousu pear.
To explore the key technologies for enhancing soil fertility and improving the yield and quality of tomatoes, this study analyzed the impact of soil fertility on tomato growth and summarized the corresponding soil fertility improvement and modification technical system. The imbalance of physical indicators such as soil porosity, bulk density, and water retention capacity is detrimental to root respiration and hinders the normal growth of tomato roots. Chemical obstacles such as imbalanced soil pH, lack of organic matter, and insufficient available nutrients can reduce the efficiency of plant nutrient absorption and utilization. The degradation of beneficial soil microbial communities can weaken the soil’s nutrient transformation ability, disrupt the soil aggregate structure, and simultaneously reduce the tomato’s ability to resist pests and diseases. In tomato cultivation, the soil physical structure can be improved by applying more organic fertilizers; precise control of fertilizer dosage and ratio can be achieved through soil testing and formulation-based fertilization. The combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers can not only continuously release slow-release nutrients but also quickly supply quick-release mineral nutrients. Segmental precise fertilization during the tomato growth period can enhance fertilizer utilization rate. Coupled with microbial regulation technology, the structure of soil microorganisms can be optimized, further strengthening the plant’s stress resistance. By comprehensively applying these soil improvement measures, the soil fertility can be significantly enhanced, the growth environment around tomato roots can be optimized, the nutrient utilization efficiency can be improved, soil-borne diseases can be reduced, and ultimately, the yield and quality of tomatoes can be improved.
To investigate the effects of fertilization regimes on sweet potato production, a field experiment was conducted using the cultivar Yanshu 25 as test material. A randomized complete block design was employed with four treatments: conventional fertilization (CK), optimized fertilization (T1), 10% organic fertilizer substitution (T2), and 20% organic fertilizer substitution (T3). Growth characteristics (plant vigor), yield and large- to medium-sized tuber rate, nutrient composition (protein, starch, crude fiber content), and soil fertility indicators (organic matter, available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) were measured for each treatment. The results showed that plants in the T1 treatment exhibited vigorous growth and dark green leaf color. The yields of T1–T3 treatments ranged from 1 988.0 to 2 321.9 kg/667 m2, with T1 achieving the highest yield, which was 24.8% higher than that of CK (P<0.05). The large- and medium-sized tuber rates in T2 and T3 were significantly lower than those in CK (P<0.05). Crude fiber content in T1 increased by 12.4% compared with CK (P<0.05), whereas protein and starch contents in T2 decreased by 11.5% and 10.4%, respectively (P<0.05). Compared with CK, T1 significantly increased soil organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium by 60.7%, 55.5%, 130.3%, and 247.1%, respectively. (P<0.05). In conclusion, T1 treatment demonstrates the best overall performance in terms of yield, quality, and soil fertility improvement, and is therefore recommended as the optimal fertilization strategy under the conditions of this experiment.
With flue-cured tobacco cultivar K326 as the test material, a field experiment was conducted in sandy loam tobacco fields of Guangze County, Fujian Province. 5 treatments were arranged, including conventional rice straw incorporation by plowing (CK), straw burial at 15 cm in furrows under ridges (A), straw burial at 30 cm in furrows under ridges (B), straw burial at 30 cm in furrows between ridges (C), and combined straw burial at 30 cm in furrows under and between ridges (D). A randomized block design was adopted to explore the effects of different deep rice straw burial patterns on the growth process, agronomic traits, disease occurrence, chemical components of tobacco leaves and economic benefits of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that compared with CK, the field growth period of flue-cured tobacco in all straw burial treatments was prolonged by 2 days to 129 days, and deep straw incorporation exerted no adverse effect on the overall growth process of tobacco plants. Deep straw burial increased the maximum leaf length and maximum leaf area of tobacco leaves and improved the field growth vigor of tobacco plants. The incidence of field diseases were relatively low in all straw burial treatments, and no bacterial wilt or brown spot disease was observed in any treatment. Analysis on chemical components indicated that tobacco leaves of CK, A and B treatments possessed good chemical component coordination. In terms of economic traits, treatment A achieved the highest leaf yield, output value and average price among all groups, presenting the best comprehensive economic benefit. Comprehensive analysis revealed that burying rice straw at 15 cm in furrows under ridges promoted nutrient uptake and growth of tobacco plants at the early stage, and improved the yield and quality of tobacco leaves. This study provides references for the efficient resource utilization of crop straw in tobacco fields in related regions.
This article reviewed the etiological characteristics, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, transmission routes, diagnostic and detection methods, and comprehensive prevention and control technologies of Avian leukosis (AL). AL is a neoplastic disease caused by Avian leukosis virus (ALV). Upon invading host cells, the virus progressively induces tumor formation by interfering with gene expression and immune system function, resulting in the appearance of tumor nodules of varying sizes and numbers in organs such as the liver and spleen. The transmission routes of the disease primarily include vertical transmission and horizontal transmission. The non-specific nature of clinical symptoms and the transmission characteristics of ALV make it difficult to achieve effective control through clinical observation and routine prevention measures alone, necessitating an integrated strategy combining laboratory testing with sustained eradication efforts. Detection and diagnostic methods encompass virus isolation, PCR assay, ELISA, immunofluorescence assay, and colloidal gold test strip assay. The prevention and control of AL are centered on the elimination of virus-positive chickens through pathogen detection, supplemented by strict biosecurity measures, to achieve sustained population purification. Specific measures include testing grandparent flocks every 3 to 6 months and parent flocks every 2 to 3 months. Any bird testing positive must be immediately culled, followed by thorough disinfection of the housing and equipment. The breeding site should be selected in areas with high and dry terrain, good ventilation, smooth drainage, and residential areas. Personnel should undergo regular health check-ups and strictly enforce disinfection protocols for entry and exit. Vehicles entering the farm should be cleaned and disinfected with peracetic acid, glutaraldehyde, and other disinfectants. High-quality feed and drinking water meeting hygiene standards should be used, and disinfectants such as iodophors, quaternary ammonium compounds, and peracetic acid should be applied alternately on a regular basis for the disinfection of poultry houses, equipment, and the surrounding environment. This review provides a reference for the effective prevention and control of Avian leukosis and the promotion of sustainable development in the poultry industry.
This paper summarized the measures for resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure in Linshu County, Shandong Province, analyzed the aspects that need to be improved, and proposed corresponding development countermeasures. By strengthening management services, it has cultivated multiple demonstration entities for circular agriculture. Several regional livestock manure collection and treatment centers have been built, forming an industrial chain of “livestock manure + treatment centers + organic fertilizer” for resource utilization. However, during the promotion process, there remains room for improvement in terms of crop-livestock integration, participation enthusiasm of farming entities, and the promotion of manure-derived organic fertilizers. To address these issues, the following countermeasures are proposed: in high-yield fruit, vegetable, and tea production areas with strong organic fertilizer demand, integrate composting and fertigation facilities to promote the application of organic fertilizer on nearby farmland, thereby strengthening crop-livestock integration; guide farms to adopt suitable manure cleaning technologies and equip with storage ponds and composting sheds commensurate with their scale to reduce initial investment and subsequent treatment costs, while encouraging leading enterprises to assist small and medium-sized farms in sharing management and maintenance responsibilities through multi-stakeholder collaboration, so as to enhance farmers’ enthusiasm; and promote the development and application of new technologies and processes for manure resource utilization, extending treatment towards bioenergy, phosphorus recovery, and other directions to broaden the pathways for livestock and poultry manure resource utilization. This paper provides a reference for promoting the resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure.
To clarify the coloration mechanism underlying the leaf color transition from purplish red to dark green in Handroanthus impetiginosus, 6 robust and uniformly growing seedlings were selected for the experiment. 5 groups of healthy and representative leaves at 5 typical developmental stages, namely purplish red (C1), purplish yellow (C2), yellowish green (C3), light green (C4), and dark green (C5), were collected from the upper and outer canopy of each seedling, with five leaves sampled per stage. The leaf color parameters (lightness L*, red-green chromaticity a*, yellow-blue chromaticity b*) and pigment contents, including chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, and anthocyanin, were determined. The results showed that for leaf color parameters, the L* and b* values increased first and then decreased during the C1 to C4 stages, while the a* value decreased first and then increased. In terms of pigment contents, the chlorophyll a content presented a steady upward trend throughout leaf development. The chlorophyll b content increased sharply at the initial developmental stage, remained relatively stable from C2 to C4, and reached the maximum value at the C4 stage. The anthocyanin content showed an overall downward trend with the highest level observed at the C1 stage. In addition, the ratios of leaf pigment contents showed an overall decreasing trend from C1 to C5. Correlation analysis indicated that the a* value was extremely significantly positively correlated with anthocyanin content (P<0.01), and was extremely significantly negatively correlated with L* and b* values (P<0.01). The L* and b* values were both extremely significantly negatively correlated with anthocyanin content (P<0.01). In conclusion, the a* value can effectively characterize the leaf color variation of H. impetiginosus. The color transition of leaves from purplish red to dark green during leaf development is primarily attributed to the continuous increase in total chlorophyll content and the gradual decrease in anthocyanin content.
To investigate the effects of different substrates on the growth of Albizia odoratissima culture seedlings, This experiment employed a 3-factor 4-level orthogonal test (0, 1, 2, 3), and a single substrate comparison test was set up. Three light substrate combination ratios (treatments A2B1, A1B3C2, A1C3, A2B3, A2B2C3, A3C2, B3C1, B2C3, A1B3, A3B1, B1C2, A1B1C1, A3B1C1, A1B2C2, C1, B1, A1) were set for the yellow soil (A), coconut coir (B), and peat soil (C), and measured the transplanting survival rate, plant height, canopy width, root diameter and fresh weight of Albizia odoratissima under each treatment. The results showed that the Albizia odoratissima culture seedlings treated with A1 had a higher survival rate after transplantation, reaching 93.0%; Albizia odoratissima culture seedlings treated with A1B2C2 grew the best. The average height of the fragrant acacia cuttings in this group was 11.2 cm, the average ground diameter was 1.77 mm, the average canopy width was 10.4 cm, the average fresh weight was 3.26 g, and the height-to-diameter ratio was 63.28. Overall, Albizia odoratissima cuttings in the substrate condition of 1∶2∶2 (yellow soil∶ coconut coir∶ peat) had the best overall growth.
This study employed a sample area survey method to investigate the forest volume and biomass of the Dashushan Forest Park in Hefei City, Anhui Province. Based on the sample plot survey data, the forest carbon storage, carbon storage of litter and dead wood, and soil carbon storage in this area were calculated, and an in-depth analysis of the carbon sink value of forest ecosystems was conducted. The results showed that, based on the survey data of the sample plot, the carbon storage of the ecosystem in study area was 268 131.581 t C. Among them, the forest carbon storage was 140 993.745 t C, accounting for the highest proportion, 52.6%; the carbon storage of litter was 5 482.510 t C, accounting for 2.0%; the carbon storage of dead wood was 3 677.430 t C, accounting for the lowest proportion of 1.4%; and the soil carbon storage was 117 977.896 t C, accounting for 44.0%. The economic value of carbon storage in the forest ecosystem of this area is approximately 44 million yuan. The biomass of the forest stands in this area has the ability to accumulate carbon in real time, and the young forests have great growth potential. The forest ecosystem has the ability to continuously sequester carbon. The forest ecosystem of Dashushan Forest Park has abundant carbon storage and possesses high economic value and ecological value.
This paper elaborated the occurrence regularity and damage characteristics of Gravitarmata margarotana in the Liuling aerial seeding forest area, identified the influencing factors of pest occurrence, and proposed targeted prevention and control strategies. The G. margarotana completes one generation per year and exhibits distinct periodic and seasonal dynamics. Its adult emergence peak occurs from late April to early May, and adults show strong phototaxis and chemotaxis. Severe infestations concentrate at medium and low altitudes, with sunny slopes suffering higher damage rates than shady slopes. The larvae mainly damage cones and young shoots of Pinus tabuliformis, and middle-aged stands aged over 10 years are its main susceptible stands. The occurrence of the pest is jointly affected by stand conditions, control measures, and monitoring factors. Accordingly, an integrated pest control strategy is put forward, including forest management transformation (mixed forest reconstruction and tending management), physical trapping and killing (insecticidal lamps and manual removal of damaged cones), strengthened biological control (natural enemy release and biopesticide application), precise chemical control (rotational application of high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides), and improved monitoring and early warning systems (constructing a three-dimensional monitoring network integrating ground surveys, aerial monitoring and intelligent sensing). This study provides a reference for accurate and efficient control of G. margarotana in the study area and other similar regions.
To comprehensively understand the current status of forest and grassland germplasm resources in Huaibei City, Anhui Province, this study conducted a systematic census of the forest and grassland germplasm resources in the area. It adopted a combination of route surveys and sample site surveys to comprehensively investigate the forest and grassland germplasm resources within the region, and analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of the main genetic resources. The results showed that a total of 108 families, 351 genera and 584 species of forest and grass plants were recorded in the study area. Among them, there were 501 cultivated and utilized tree germplasms and 83 wild tree germplasms. The resource structure is dominated by cultivated and utilized forest and grassland germplasm, while the wild tree germplasm resources need to be further supplemented. The spatial distribution of species showed a significant aggregation pattern. Forest land was the core habitat for species (243 species, accounting for 41.61%). The Rosaceae (68 species), Compositae (47 species), and Gramineae (38 species) constituted the core taxonomic groups, accounting for 25.34% of the total species. This pattern shows a situation where a few core families dominate while most families have few species. The research results provide a basis for optimizing the tree species structure of urban greening and formulating sustainable resource utilization plans.
Based on land use data from 2000, 2010, and 2020 with comprehensively utilized methods including ArcGIS spatial analysis, the dynamic degree model and the transfer matrix, the dynamic characteristics of land use change in the Wujiang River Basin of Guizhou Province were analyzed. The results showed that the overall land use structure of the basin remained stable, dominated by forest land, cultivated land, and grassland. The comprehensive land use dynamic degree rose from 0.33% (2000–2010) to 0.72% (2010–2020). Transitions between land types primarily occurred among cultivated land, forest land, grassland, and artificial surface, and the intensity of these transitions gradually increased over time. In the past 20 years, the conversion among various land types in the study area has been relatively active. Therefore, in the future development process, more reasonable planning of land use within the basin should be carried out to achieve sustainable development of the basin. This research provides a basis for the adjustment and optimization of land use patterns and ecological environment protection in the basin.
This study focused on the nature reserves within the jurisdiction of Lu’an City, Anhui Province. Based on the high-resolution remote sensing images obtained during the period from 2023 to 2024, following the “Technical Specifications for Remote Sensing Monitoring of Human Activities in Nature Reserves” (HJ 1156—2021), and using remote sensing analysis and on-site verification methods, the changes in the patches caused by human activities within 19 nature reserves in the study area were accurately identified and meticulously classified. The results showed that in the protected areas of this region, a total of 858 human activity change patches were identified, with a cumulative area of 338.22 hm2. The main activities involved were residential production and other activities as well as agricultural development, accounting for 37.41% and 24.94% respectively. Among the monitoring patches of various protected areas, scenic spots have the largest number and the largest total area, followed by nature reserves. Human activities are mainly concentrated in protected areas close to towns or those with high tourism development activity. Some human activities may have potential conflicts with the management requirements of protected areas and may have an impact on the integrity of the regional ecosystem. Based on these results, suggestions such as optimizing the monitoring technology system, adjusting the scope of protected areas, and promoting community collaborative governance are proposed, providing references for the scientific management and ecological protection of nature reserves.
Eco-environmental damage assessment is a crucial support for environmental protection and ecological restoration. This paper systematically reviewed the main processes and application scenarios of eco-environmental damage assessment. The core procedures include preliminary survey, systematic investigation, causation determination, and physical quantification of damages, each of which presents specific technical challenges. These challenges are addressed through approaches such as cross-verification of multi-source data, integration of multiple survey methods, construction of robust chains of evidence, and the incorporation of environmental economics tools. On this basis, the paper further analyzed the application of this assessment technology in three major areas: urban ecosystems, ecological restoration projects, and atmospheric pollution. It clarifies the adaptation points, application difficulties, and targeted solutions for assessment techniques in each domain. Looking forward, advanced technologies such as remote sensing and geographic information systems can be introduced to enhance the scientific rigor and accuracy of assessments, while strengthening standardization and normalization to ensure the impartiality of evaluation results. Additionally, promoting the intelligent and information-based transformation of assessment systems and building data-driven decision support platforms will provide valuable references for the scientific evaluation of eco-environmental damage.
To investigate the community structure of macrobenthos, a survey was conducted at 15 stations in the coastal waters of Lingang, Hangzhou Bay, from 2021 to 2022. Species composition, dominant species, diversity, and community structure were analyzed. The results showed that a total of 29 macrobenthic species belonging to 7 phyla were identified. The dominant species were primarily Magelona cincta, Heteromastus filiformis, Listriolobus brevirostris, and Gammarus sp. The dominant species varied across seasons, with polychaetes being the most prominent group. The mean abundance was 35.12 ind./m², with the highest value in summer and the lowest in autumn; the mean biomass was 0.804 g/m², peaking in autumn and reaching its minimum in spring. The mean values of the diversity index (H'), evenness index (J'), and richness index (d) were 1.09, 0.85, and 0.38, respectively, with higher diversity in summer and lower in spring. Cluster analysis revealed clear seasonal differentiation in community structure. ABC curves indicated that macrobenthic habitats may be moderately disturbed in spring and summer. This study provides data support for ecological conservation and the sustainable use of macrobenthic resources in coastal waters.
Took the Fanghua Road section of the Jian River in Luoyang City, Henan Province, as the study area, this research comprehensively employed methods including long-term satellite image comparison analysis, multi-source land-use GIS spatial analysis, digital elevation model-based topographic-hydrological coupling analysis, and GlobeLand 30 global land-use classification, to systematically assess the influencing factors on the river’s ecological and landscape functions in the study area from 2002 to 2022. The results indicated that during urbanization, some river sections underwent channelization, cutoff and straightening, and construction of sluices and dams, leading to a reduced self-purification capacity compared with the natural state. The surrounding areas were characterized by a high proportion of industrial and residential land, extensive hardened underlying surfaces, limited park green spaces. The regional slope ranges from 8° to 15° with a maximum elevation difference of 15–40 m; during the rainy season, surface runoff carries sediment and pollutants into the river, while in the dry season, accumulation of humus occurs in the water body. The population density is relatively high, open spaces are insufficient, and landscape integrity in some river sections was unsatisfactory. Based on the above analysis, integrated restoration measures are proposed, including ecological revetment reconstruction, greening and slope protection works, rain gardens and ecological grass swales for pre-treatment purification, and landscape design that integrates both cultural and functional aspects. A collaborative approach combining physical, engineering, and biological-biochemical techniques is adopted to restore the river to a near-natural state and recover its functions. This study provides a case reference for ecological diagnosis and systematic restoration of degraded urban rivers.
This paper systematically reviewed the mainstream detection technologies for soil heavy metals, including electrochemical detection methods, various spectroscopic methods, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), hyphenated techniques, and strategies for method selection. It analyzed the principles, characteristics, and applicable scenarios of each technology. Current soil heavy metal detection methods mainly encompass electrochemical, spectroscopic, mass spectrometric, and hyphenated techniques. Among them, electrochemical detection is portable and sensitive, but simultaneous multi-element analysis remains challenging. Spectroscopic techniques offer high sensitivity and strong multi-element analysis capability, though some methods suffer from high equipment costs and significant matrix interference. ICP-MS features ultra-high sensitivity and low detection limits, enabling accurate simultaneous multi-element determination, making it the core technology for ultra-trace and batch sample analysis; however, it requires expensive instrumentation and rigorous sample preparation. Multi-technique hyphenation, such as high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ICP-MS (HPLC-ICP-MS) and gas chromatography coupled with atomic fluorescence spectrometry (GC-AFS), allows complementary advantages and overcomes the performance limitations of single methods, representing a key development direction in current detection technology. Furthermore, the selection of detection methods should consider the detection objectives, sample matrix characteristics, and practical application conditions. In the future, soil heavy metal detection technologies will evolve toward intelligence, automation, and multi-technique integration. Through interdisciplinary collaboration, detection performance can be further enhanced, providing solid technical support for soil heavy metal pollution monitoring and ecological remediation efforts.
To clarify the pathogen type and pathogenic characteristics of the leaf disease in Buxus megistophylla, and to screen out safe and effective pesticides, this study collected typical diseased leaves of Buxus megistophylla, conducted pathogen isolation and purification, morphological and molecular biological identification, and through field efficacy trials, systematically evaluated the field efficacy of 4 pesticides: 25% pyraclostrobin 1 000-fold dilution solution (T1), 70% thiophanate-methyl 800-fold dilution solution (T2), 30% fluconazole 1 000-fold dilution solution (T3), and 10% difenoconazole 1 000-fold dilution solution (T4). The results showed that the typical lesion on the leaves of Buxus megistophylla was an irregularly shaped, dark brown patch with clear concentric rings on the surface and black sporangia growing on it; when the disease was severe, multiple lesions merge and form a continuous patch, causing the entire leaf to turn yellow and wither and fall off. After identification, the pathogenic fungi causing the leaf diseases of Buxus megistophylla were Rosellinia convexa, Colletotrichum siamense, Botryosphaeria dothidea and Colletotrichum fructicola. Among them, Botryosphaeria dothidea and Colletotrichum siamense were the main pathogenic strains, with isolation rates of 47.058% and 29.412% respectively. The results of the pesticide control experiment showed that compared with the control group using plain water, all the pesticides could significantly reduce the disease index. Among them, the control treatments T1 and T4 had better control effects, and the control effects after 7 and 14 days of application were higher than those of other pesticides. In summary, Botryosphaeria dothidea and Colletotrichum siamense are the main pathogenic fungi causing leaf diseases in Buxus megistophylla. The 25% pyraclostrobin 1 000-fold dilution solution and 10% benomyl 1 000-fold dilution solution showed higher control effects 7 and 14 days after application.
This paper described the types and nutritional values of flowers commonly used in Huizhou cuisine. The study area is rich in edible flower resources, which possess both medicinal and seasonal characteristics, and are often used in dishes or teas for garnishing, or seasoning. For example, in spring, Wisteria sinensis blooming in April is rich in proteins and vitamins, and can be stir-fried with eggs or deep-fried; Lonicera japonica flowering from late April to mid-May has heat-clearing and detoxifying effects and is often stewed with meat; Caragana sinica flowering from April to May nourishes yin and blood, and can be served as cold dish or stir-fried with eggs. In summer, Dendrobium officinale flowers (flowering from late May to early June) nourish yin and clear heat, and can be stir-fried with eggs, served as cold dish, or stewed in soup; roses (flowering from May to June) regulate qi and relieve depression, and are often brewed as tea or made into flower cakes; Gardenia jasminoides flowers (flowering from May to June) clear heat and purge fire, and can be stir-fried, cooked in soup, or used for scenting tea; daylily flowers (flowering from late May to August) calm the mind and improve eyesight, and are often stir-fried with meat or stewed; Chloranthus spicatus flowers (flowering from June to August) relieve pain and stanch bleeding, and can be used for scenting tea or stewing. In autumn, Huangshan tribute chrysanthemum (flowering from late October to mid-to-late November) calms the liver and improves eyesight, and can be brewed as tea, made into pastries, or brewed into wine; osmanthus (flowering from early September to mid-to-late October) has antioxidant properties and warms the stomach, and can be used for scenting tea, making pastries, or brewing wine. In addition, Sophora flowers (flowering from April to May for Robinia pseudoacacia, and from July to September for Styphnolobium japonicum) clear the liver and purge fire, and can be stir-fried with eggs or made into pancakes; pumpkin flowers (the plant blooms from April to October) clear dampness and relieve heat, and are often deep-fried or stir-fried. This article provides reference for the application of Huizhou flower resources.
To explore the variation rules of internal and external quality of cigarettes under natural storage conditions in different climatic zones, 4 locations including Hefei (Ⅰ), Shenyang (Ⅱ), Lanzhou (Ⅲ) and Haikou (Ⅳ) were selected as storage test sites, and a two-year natural storage experiment was carried out on five commercially available cigarettes (coded A to E). The whiteness of cigarette paper and sensory quality were measured at regular intervals, and the measured results were compared with those of samples stored in a freezer at -24 ℃. The results showed that the changes in cigarette paper whiteness presented significant regional differences (P<0.001) and individual differences (P<0.001), with the descending order of whiteness loss as Ⅳ > Ⅲ > Ⅱ > Ⅰ. A strong linear correlation existed between whiteness and storage duration (most R² values exceeded 0.83). Sensory quality exhibited an extremely significant negative correlation with both storage duration and ambient conditions (P<0.001). Sensory attributes (aroma properties, smoke characteristics and taste properties) changed in stages: they remained stable or slightly improved in the first three storage cycles, started to decline in the middle and late stages (3 to 6 cycles), and decreased drastically in the final stage (after 6 cycles). The high-temperature and high-humidity environment of site Ⅳ exerted the most severe impacts on whiteness and sensory quality, followed by the low-temperature and dry environment of site Ⅲ. Packaging types (soft pack, hard pack, stiffened soft pack) and the thickness of BOPP films generated different protective effects on cigarette samples. This study provides references for the cross-regional adaptability of related commodities.
To develop compound seasoning oil with balanced flavor, favorable storage stability and antioxidant activity, crude sesame oil was used as the base oil to prepare garlic oil-sesame oil blends with different volume fractions of garlic oil (0, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%). The effects of garlic oil dosage on the physicochemical storage quality, sensory properties and in vitro antioxidant capacity of the seasoning oils were investigated. The Schaal oven accelerated oxidation test at 60 °C was adopted to monitor the dynamic changes of peroxide value (POV) and acid value (AV) of samples during 30 days of storage. A 9-point quantitative descriptive analysis method was applied to evaluate the color, transparency, sediment and flavor quality of oil samples at different storage stages. The radical scavenging capacities against hydroxyl radical (·OH), DPPH radical and ABTS⁺ radical were measured to comprehensively assess the antioxidant performance of oil samples. The results showed that garlic oil significantly improved the oxidative stability of sesame oil. During the 30-day accelerated storage, the increments of POV and AV of all garlic oil treatments were remarkably lower than those of the control group. Sensory analysis revealed that samples with low garlic oil addition (≤2%) were dominated by sesame aroma. The blend with 4% garlic oil achieved a harmonious balance between sesame and garlic aroma and obtained the highest overall sensory score. When the garlic oil addition reached 6% and above, pungent mustard-like odor became prominent, leading to deteriorated sensory quality. Antioxidant tests demonstrated that the radical scavenging ability of seasoning oils against the 3 types of radicals increased continuously with the rising dosage of garlic oil, and the treatment with 10% garlic oil exhibited the optimal antioxidant activity. In conclusion, 4% volume fraction of garlic oil was determined as the optimal blending proportion for garlic-sesame compound seasoning oil. This study provides a reference for the development of functional compound seasoning oils.
To clarify the species diversity and distribution of terrestrial insects in Quanjiao County, Anhui Province, surveys on insect diversity were carried out from November 2024 to October 2025 using the line transect method and trapping method. A total of 803 terrestrial insect species were identified, belonging to 172 families and 15 orders. Specifically, Lepidoptera included 297 species in 35 families, Coleoptera 171 species in 32 families, Hemiptera 119 species in 39 families. The fauna composition of Hemiptera and Coleoptera insects in the study area was predominantly dominated by Palaearctic-Oriental common species and quadruple-region distribution species (Central China + South China + Southwest China + North China). The surveys documented 4 alien invasive species across 4 genera, 3 families and 3 orders; 16 new provincial records for Anhui Province belonging to 13 families and 2 orders; 7 forest pest insects from 7 families, and 9 agricultural pest insects from 7 families. 1 putative new species of the genus Ephemera was also found. This study expands the inventory of terrestrial insects in the study area, evaluates its terrestrial insect biodiversity and provides a reference for local biodiversity conservation.
This paper summarized the main active components, pharmacological effects and diversified resource utilization prospects of leaves of Ficus carica. Leaves of Ficus carica are rich in mineral elements, coumarins, flavonoids, polysaccharides, volatile components, ficin and other active constituents. Among them, coumarins (mainly psoralen and bergapten) exhibit multiple pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, photosensitive and cardiovascular regulatory effects. Flavonoids exert remarkable effects in anti-oxidation, hypoglycemia and anti-tumor activities. Polysaccharide components are mild and safe, and possess the functions of immune regulation, anti-oxidation as well as hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering effects. Volatile components such as benzaldehyde and terpenol show synergistic anti-tumor effects, while ficin presents antibacterial activity and application value in biological detection. This study further discussed the resource utilization approaches of Ficus carica leaves in auxiliary tumor therapy, adjuvant regulation of diabetes, improvement of skin and anorectal health, antibacterial anti-inflammation and wound repair, bone health maintenance, sedation and tranquilization, immune regulation, biological detection and development of functional health products. It was concluded that Ficus carica leaves possessed broad comprehensive development potential and could serve as natural functional raw materials to exert important value in health industry. This paper provides references for the medicinal development of Ficus carica leaves.
This paper analyzed the current teaching status of the experimental course in Medicinal Botany and proposed teaching reform measures integrated with the OBE concept. Since the experimental teaching of Medicinal Botany still needs further improvement in terms of the expansion and innovation of experimental content, teaching models and evaluation systems, relevant reform measures are put forward as follows: carry out backward design of teaching objectives based on the OBE concept to promote the coordinated development of students’ knowledge, skills and comprehensive literacy; take the cultivation of students’ practical ability in identifying medicinal plants as the main line, and design experimental content progressively divided into basic, exploratory and comprehensive modules; adopt a comprehensive evaluation system covering experimental attitude, operational proficiency and experimental outcomes to comprehensively assess students’ overall experimental competence. The practice results showed that the reform enhanced students’ interest in learning, with a participation rate reaching 100%, and significantly improved their practical skills. The teaching effect was markedly improved, with a 100% pass rate in the experimental assessments. Compared with 3 classes of the 2022 cohort (without teaching reform), 3 classes of the 2023 cohort (with teaching reform) in the Chinese Materia Medica revealed a marked decline in the failure rate of the experimental course in Medicinal Botany. In summary, this reform effectively optimized the teaching of the experimental course in Medicinal Botany, and improved students’ comprehensive practical abilities, providing references for promoting the overall development of students’ core competencies.
This paper analyzed the key links that deserve attention in the teaching of Plant Physiology and proposed corresponding innovative reform and practical measures. The teaching of Plant Physiology needs further improvement in practical contents, teaching forms, integration of ideological and political elements, and assessment systems. In response to the above issues, the following optimization measures are proposed: adopt field-problem-oriented situational inquiry teaching to strengthen students’ practical ability to apply professional knowledge; optimize teaching forms via online-offline blended teaching to stimulate students’ learning initiative; fully explore curriculum ideological and political elements through modular excavation and situational integration, so as to consolidate students’ recognition of agriculture-related majors and their devotion to agriculture, rural areas and farmers; implement a multi-dimensional evaluation system covering process, ability and value to guarantee education quality, guide students to actively construct the knowledge system of plant physiology in authentic and concrete scenarios, and build an in-depth connection between physiological mechanisms and agricultural production. Practical results show that this model effectively improves students’ ability to apply theories and their scientific research literacy. Students become more active and enthusiastic in classroom discussions, and the proportion of students achieving good scores (80–90 points) and excellent scores (above 90 points) in curriculum assessments rises year by year. The innovative teaching ideas derived from this course have been extended to multiple core professional courses, which can provide references for the reform of core courses for agriculture-related majors under the background of New Agricultural Science.
This paper sorted out the current construction status and room for improvement of talent cultivation integrating professional and innovation entrepreneurship education in agricultural vocational colleges from the aspects of the development of innovation and entrepreneurship teaching staff, the construction of integrated courses and practical platforms, and the establishment of a diversified education evaluation system, and constructed optimized education paths for the integration of professional and innovation entrepreneurship education from multiple dimensions. Specifically, it optimized the faculty structure and built a full-time and part-time innovation and entrepreneurship teaching team through simultaneous recruitment and cultivation as well as internal and external linkage. It improved the curriculum system by setting teaching contents in phases, promoted the integrated design of professional education and innovation-entrepreneurship education, and coordinated internal and external school resources to build an all-in-one practical platform. It perfected evaluation methods by introducing diversified evaluators from industries and enterprises, strengthened process assessment and the credit replacement system, and realized three-dimensional evaluation of students’ innovative literacy. Reform practices showed that more than 14 000 teachers and students of the college had participated in practical activities integrating professional and innovation-entrepreneurship education, over 1 200 faculty members had completed innovation and entrepreneurship training, and more than 30 school-level and provincial-level research projects on innovation and entrepreneurship education had been approved. Teachers and students won 2 national gold awards, 3 silver awards, 11 bronze awards and over 240 provincial competition awards in total, and a large number of agriculture-related innovative applied talents were delivered to relevant industries. This paper provides references for agricultural vocational colleges to deepen teaching reforms on the integration of professional and innovation-entrepreneurship education.
This paper analyzed the room for improvement of the Animal Science major in 4 aspects: specialty set up and industrial connection, training programs and curriculum systems, ideological and political education, as well as practical resource support, and put forward targeted optimization paths. It proposed to add the Veterinary Medicine major and improve the multi-disciplinary collaborative education system to strengthen the precise connection with the regional advantageous sheep industry; revise stratified and classified talent training programs, add characteristic and cutting-edge curriculum modules, and build an industry-education integrated curriculum system; perfect the curriculum-based ideological and political education system, deeply integrate ideological and political education with professional practice, and enhance students’ professional identity and sense of responsibility; increase investment in practical teaching resources, build a dual-qualified teaching team, upgrade on-campus and off-campus training platforms, and implement the competition-driven learning mechanism. Reform practices showed that the major was successively approved as a Characteristic Major of Shaanxi Province, a construction major under the Excellent Agricultural and Forestry Talents Training Program of the Ministry of Education, and a First-class Major of Shaanxi Province. 4 provincial-level research platforms and 6 municipal-level platforms were established. The proportion of dual-qualified teachers reached 57%. Students won more than 50 national discipline competition awards. The graduate further study rate hit 48.6% and the one-time employment rate reached 92%, which significantly improved the quality of talent cultivation and teaching efficiency. This paper provides references for the cultivation of application-oriented talents in agriculture-related universities.
This paper analyzed the key links of cultivating innovative agricultural talents in agriculture-related vocational colleges, and proposed targeted talent training paths. Agriculture-related vocational colleges need to focus on orientation of talent training objectives, alignment between curriculum knowledge systems and industrial demands, as well as coordination of faculty development and school-enterprise cooperation mechanisms. In view of the above key points, this study proposed the following talent training strategies. Relying on designated cooperative agricultural enterprises and centering on innovation and entrepreneurship practical training, a systematic training program for innovative agricultural professionals can be formulated. Interdisciplinary knowledge should be appropriately incorporated into curriculum structural design and content updating to develop teaching resources including featured textbooks and loose-leaf manuals that satisfy talent cultivation demands. Full-time teachers are encouraged to take regular enterprise practice, while agriculture-related colleges actively invite enterprise specialists and frontline technical backbones to serve as part-time instructors. Multiple resources are integrated to build a three-in-one education platform integrating industry, education and innovation. This research provides a reference for improving the talent training quality of innovative agricultural talents in agriculture-related vocational colleges.
This paper took the Plant Protection course as the research object and carried out systematic teaching reform and practical exploration in view of the existing room for improvement in conventional teaching modes, students’ learning initiative, and the curriculum ideological and political system with traditional Chinese medicine characteristics. Relying on the Chaoxing platform, it built a SPOC online course system, integrated diversified digital teaching resources and industry practice materials, established layered self-learning modules and standardized question banks, and constructed a whole‑process evaluation mechanism, which achieved individualized and precise teaching. It introduced mind‑mapping tools to optimize students’ learning modes, constructed a visual knowledge graph of the course based on knowledge‑point associations, supplemented this with an incentive mechanism for outstanding student works, reshaped students’ autonomous learning system, and strengthened their logical thinking and self‑learning abilities. Based on the characteristics of the traditional Chinese medicine major, it developed exclusive ideological and political education resources and built a distinctive value‑guidance system. Teaching practice showed that students’ accuracy in mastering knowledge points increased by 42%, and the frequency of after‑class interaction between teachers and students rose by 60%. Meanwhile, the course team was approved for one provincial‑level first‑class course and two university‑level teaching reform projects, published three related papers, and guided students to win more than 10 awards at or above the university level in competitions. This paper provides a reference for the blended teaching reform of agriculture‑related interdisciplinary courses in relevant colleges and universities.
This paper summarized the current development status of the snakegourd fruit industry in Gaotang County, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, identified areas for improvement, and proposed corresponding development strategies. At present, the snakegourd fruit industry has formed a complete industrial chain integrating planting, processing, and sales. Meanwhile, industry-university-research collaboration has been deepened, a whole-chain quality and safety traceability system has been established, and the industry has been promoted toward standardization and green development. “Gaotang Gualou” has been certified as a nationally protected geographical indication product. However, the industry still requires further improvement in terms of product development depth, public brand awareness, and the competitiveness of business entities. Based on this, the following countermeasures are proposed: deepening industry-university-research integration with a focus on breaking through bottlenecks in deep-processing technologies; systematically advancing brand strategy by improving authorization mechanisms and quality supervision systems; and cultivating and strengthening industrial entities through both internal development and external introduction to establish “chain-leading” enterprises, thereby promoting coordinated and clustered industrial development. This paper provides a reference for promoting the high-quality and sustainable development of the snakegourd fruit industry.
