The breeding process of Huijingnuo 009 was introduced, its parental sources, selection process, characteristics, and high yield cultivation techniques were summarized. Developed through composite hybridization of Wankennuo 1//Wuyunjing 24/Zhendao 14, Huijingnuo 009 is a medium-japonica glutinous rice variety, approved by the Anhui Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2024 (Wanshendao 2024L066). During the 2020-2021 regional and production trials, its average yield ranged from 9.72 to 10.28 t/hm2, representing a 5.88%-8.21% increase over the control variety (Dangjing No.8). The variety exhibits excellent grain quality, with an amylose content of 2.0% and high gel consistency. Resistance evaluations indicate moderate susceptibility to rice blast and bacterial leaf blight, and susceptibility to false smut. Key cultivation techniques include mechanical or manual transplanting, with recommended practices such as sun-drying, soaking, and germinating seeds before sowing. For mechanical transplanting, sowing in late May is advised, with a planting density of 225 000-270 000 hills/hm2. Fertilization should emphasize base fertilizer (accounting for over 60% of total nitrogen application), supplemented by timely topdressing at the reviving, tillering, and panicle initiation stages. Irrigation should follow the principle of “shallow water for transplanting, shallow-wet conditions for tillering, timely field drying, and alternating dry and wet conditions”, with water cut off approximately 7 days before harvest. Pest and disease control should prioritize prevention, implementing integrated management targeting major weeds, pests, and diseases at different growth stages. This study provides valuable references for further promotion and cultivation of Huijingnuo 009.
To identify the optimal fertilization formula for nutrient soil in rice seedling cultivation, the variety Nanjing 9108 was used as experimental material. Different fertilizer formulations were applied to prepare the nutrient soil. A total of 14 treatments were designed, including treatment 1 without adding fertilizer; treatment 2, the substrate ratio was seedling green∶bed bottom fertilizer∶soil=1∶0.5∶200; treatment 3, seedling green∶acid regulator∶soil=1∶0.15∶150; treatment 4-6, seedling green∶acid regulator∶soil=1∶0.3∶150; treatment 7, seedling green∶acid regulator∶soil=1∶0.45∶150; treatment 8, seedling green∶acid regulator∶bed bottom fertilizer∶soil=1∶0.3∶0.5∶150; treatment 9-13, seedling green∶acid regulator∶bed bottom fertilizer∶soil=1∶0.3∶0.5∶200; treatment 14, seedling green∶acid regulator∶bed bottom fertilizer∶soil=1∶0.3∶0.5∶250; among them, treatment 4 and 5 received base fertilizer at 27 g/tray, treatment 12, received diammonium phosphate (1.5 g/tray)+urea (1 g/tray) at 9 and 16 days after tray moving, treatment 13 received ammonium sulfate (3.5 g/tray) at the same intervals, other treatments received urea (2 g/tray) at the same intervals; treatment 9, seeds (9 kg) treated with 60 g mefenoxam·prochloraz, treatment 11 seeds (9 kg) treated with 60 g mefenoxam·prochloraz+0.3 g 15% paclobutrazol, other treatments: seeds (9 kg) treated with 60 g mefenoxam·prochloraz+0.15 g 15% paclobutrazol. The effects of different substrate formulations and fertilization management on seedling growth was investigated. The results showed that treatments 1, 5, 3, 7, 4, 11, 13, 6, and 14 exhibited higher emergence rates, ranging from 57.50% to 68.67%. Plant height across treatments varied between 12.44-20.52 cm, leaf age ranged from 4.86 to 5.53 leaves, white root number measured 11.80-14.37 roots per plant, stem base width spanned 2.00-2.70 mm, and SPAD values fell within 22.07-30.37. Comprehensive analysis of emergence rate, white root number, leaf color, and other parameters identified treatment 11 (seedling green∶acid regulator∶bed bottom fertilizer∶soil=1∶0.3∶0.5∶200; seed treatment, 60 g mefenoxam·prochloraz + 0.3 g 15% paclobutrazol per 9 kg seeds; urea application of 2 g/tray at 9 and 16 days after tray relocation) as optimal. This treatment demonstrated above average performance in emergence rate, white root number, leaf age, and stem base width, proving conducive to cultivating robust seedlings and suitable for production application.
Based on the geographical characteristics and rice cultivation practices in Yuexi County, Anhui Province, the high quality, high yield, and green efficiency cultivation techniques were summarized. These include selecting certified high quality, multi resistant varieties adapted to local climate conditions, such as Weiliangyou 8612 and Tianyouhuazhan; sowing around April 20, with appropriately earlier dates for high-altitude areas; ensuring robust seedlings through sun-drying and disinfection of seeds, application of “farewell pesticides”, and standardized seedling cultivation; determining row and plant spacing for mechanical or manual transplanting based on variety and panicle type, with hybrid rice density controlled at 210 000-270 000 hills/hm2; promoting organic fertilizer substitution and soil testing based on formulated fertilization, controlling nitrogen application, and implementing water-saving irrigation techniques such as shallow water irrigation and timely field drying; adopting integrated pest management measures combining agricultural, biological, and physical-chemical control methods (planting insect attracting and flowering plants, hanging insect attracting boards, etc.), with scientific pesticide application focusing on key targets like rice blast (tricyclazole, isoprothiolane) and planthopper (triflumezopyrim, nitenpyram·pymetrozine); emphasizing “early and small” weed control through integrated management combined with farming practices, and enhancing monitoring and physical protection against wild boar damage; and performing mechanical harvesting at the early yellow maturity stage, coupled with low-temperature drying technology to ensure grain quality. This integrated technical system optimizes key processes and provides references for high quality, high yield rice cultivation in related regions.
To explore the optimal application period and operation mode of rice “one spray, multiple promotion” technology, this study conducted field experiments in Shijian Town, Wuwei City (site A, cultivar: Weiliangyou 8612) and Xuzhen Town, Nanling County (site B, cultivar: Huixiangjing 977) in Anhui Province. 5 treatments were established, treatment 1 (full heading stage+knapsack sprayer), treatment 2 (full heading stage+plant protection drone), treatment 3 (grain filling stage+knapsack sprayer), treatment 4 (grain filling stage+plant protection drone), and treatment 5 (control, conventional cultivation, not subjected to “one spray, multiple promotion” treatment). The effects of each treatment on rice growth period, grain quality, yield, and economic benefits were systematically analyzed. The results showed that the application of the “one spray, multiple promotion” technique had no significant impact on the rice growth cycle. Treatment 4 resulted in superior grain quality traits. The effective number of rice panicles in experimental sites A and B was higher in treatment 1, with 3.250 2 million and 3.507 3 million panicles/hm², respectively. Treatment 4 had more grains per panicle, with 181.0 and 121.2 grains, respectively. Yield performance varied between cultivars: Weiliangyou 8612 achieved the highest yield under treatment 1 (13 114.8 kg/hm2), whereas Huixiangjing 977 achieved the highest yield under treatment 4 (9 684.0 kg/hm2). Economic benefits also differed between the two trial sites, site A showed higher returns under treatment 1 (9 677.4 yuan/hm²), while site B showed higher returns under treatment 4 (5 231.1 yuan/hm²). In summary, the combination of plant protection drone with a fixed agent mixture applied at the full heading stage for indica rice and the grain filling stage for japonica rice yielded better results. The findings provide a reference for optimizing the “one spray, multiple promotion” technical model in similar regions.
Based on rice seedling monitoring data during 2021-2023 from Shouxian, Anhui Province, the effects of different cultivation methods on rice growth, yield, and economic benefits were analyzed. The results showed that in 2022 the rice growing season exhibited higher temperatures, less rainfall, which was conducive to the accumulation of photosynthetic products, but there might be a risk of high-temperature heat damage. In terms of planting structure, the area of wheat-stubble rice increased annually, while the area of vacant-stubble rice decreased. Mechanical transplanting and direct seeding expanded continuously, whereas manual transplanting declined significantly. Variety selection became more concentrated and high quality, with a reduced number of main varieties and increased planting concentration. The perennial sowing period occurred around June 5. Seedling monitoring revealed that interannual meteorological conditions and sowing dates significantly influenced rice growth. In 2022, optimal temperature and light conditions resulted in higher stem and tiller numbers and leaf age, shortening the growth period by 5-7 days. In 2023, constrained by climate and water resources, seedling indicators were generally weaker. In terms of economic traits, mechanical transplanting achieved the highest theoretical yield (11 076.2 kg/hm2), while direct seeding yielded the lowest (8 689.2 kg/hm2). Benefit analysis indicated that mechanical transplanting generated higher returns (12 249.1 yuan/hm2) than manual transplanting (12 004.0 yuan/hm2), while direct seeding (6 558.0 yuan/hm2) performed poorly. In conclusion, optimizing crop succession layouts, promoting mechanical transplanting and high quality varieties, and adapting field management are effective strategies for enhancing rice yield and economic benefits in this region.
To investigate the effects of different topdressing methods on the yield of Kalimeris indica var. stenophylla, unfertilized materials was used as controls (CK), and 3 topdressing treatments were set up with same amount of fertilizer applied in each group for three-year-old Kalimeris indica var. stenophylla in open-air pots (treatment A, urea solution; treatment B, compound fertilizer; treatment C, flower power liquid fertilizer). Yield under different treatments was measured, and a differential analysis through the Wilcoxon test was conducted. The results showed that fertilization treatment could significantly increase the yield of Kalimeris indica var. stenophylla, and the fertilization effects of each treatment vary at different growth stages. Treatment A showed significant yield increase in the early growth stage of Kalimeris indica var. stenophylla, but the fertilizer effect weakened or even inhibited its growth in the later stage. Treatments B and C could maintain a relatively high yield in the middle and later stages of the plant's growth. Overall, compound fertilizers and flower power liquid fertilizers have shown good effects in increasing the yield of Kalimeris indica var. stenophylla, providing a reference for the topdressing methods in its simplified cultivation.
Based on the practice of highland lettuce planting in Taibai County, Shaanxi Province, the standardized and efficient cultivation technology of highland lettuce were systematically analyzed from the aspects of environment requirements, variety selection, fine land preparation, seedling transplanting and so on. In terms of the environmental requirements for the production area, a cold and cool highland region with an altitude of over 600 m is selected. The terrain of the plot should be high, dry, open and flat. In terms of variety selection, choose varieties with stable traits, high quality, high yield, strong adaptability and stress resistance, good storage and transportation properties, and suitable for mechanized planting, such as Romaine lettuce, Italian lettuce, etc. In terms of meticulous land preparation, the garden should be cleared in a timely manner, appropriate mechanical deep ploughing of the soil should be selected, and a base fertilizer + top dressing model should be adopted. In terms of seed treatment, before sowing, mix the seeds with 50% wettable powder of carbendazim, etc. When the temperature is above 25 ℃, the seeds should undergo low-temperature germination treatment. In terms of seedling transplanting, floating seedling raising in trays and hydroponic seedling raising on plastic tray cold bed substrates are adopted. Substrates that are loose, have good water retention and air permeability, and are free of pathogens are selected. Precise seeding should be carried out either manually or with precision seeding equipment. The seeding amount should be 1 to 2 seeds per hole, and the seeding depth should be 0.5 to 1.0 cm. In terms of planting management, for early spring crops, when the temperature in the 5 cm soil layer stabilizes above 10 ℃, it is advisable to plant in the morning or afternoon on a sunny day or on a cloudy day. In terms of seedling management, water and fertilize reasonably according to the growth conditions of lettuce at different growth stages. In terms of pest and disease control, it is necessary to promptly and thoroughly remove diseased and dead plants and weeds in the fields, set up insect-proof nets, utilize natural enemy populations of pests such as ladybugs, and spray appropriate chemical agents to control pests and diseases. In terms of timely harvesting, when the leaves of lettuce are plump, tender green and free of disease spots and dry leaves, it is advisable to harvest them in the early morning or around sunset. In terms of agricultural production waste treatment, centralized and unified treatment of agricultural residual films and pesticide packaging waste is carried out, and fertilizer packaging waste is recycled. This article provides a reference for the development of the alpine lettuce industry.
Based on celery cultivation practices in the Hanzhong region of Shaanxi Province, the high yield and high quality cultivation techniques were summarized. For variety selection, resilient and high quality varieties such as Qixinhuangxinshiqin were recommended. Refined seedling management techniques, including hot water seed soaking and germination, scientific preparation of seedling bed soil, and precise control of temperature, light, water, and fertilizer were adopted to cultivate robust and disease free seedlings. Depending on the season, appropriate transplanting times and rational planting densities were determined: 22 000-45 000 plants/667 m² for open-field celery, and 8 000-13 000 plants/667 m² for Western celery. Field management requires coordinated control of temperature, light, water, and fertilizer. Temperature was regulated according to different growth stages, with measures such as covering sheds and ventilating to maintain suitable conditions. Soil moisture was kept consistent, with irrigation frequency adjusted by season and growth stage, and watering halted before harvest. After planting, apply urea and phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer, and other micronutrients during the mid to late growth stages. Light was managed through shading and film removal, and timely shallow tillage and weeding are conducted to comprehensively promote robust celery growth. In terms of pest and disease control, physical and biological measures such as insect-proof nets, insect traps, and sex pheromones serve as the foundation, supplemented by timely spraying of agents like matrine and chlorothalonil to manage major diseases and pests, including leaf blight and powdery mildew. Celery was harvested when plant height reaches 30 cm, based on variety characteristics and market demand. After harvest, plant residues were promptly cleared, and closed fumigation was applied to eliminate remaining pests and pathogens. This study provides a reference for standardizing the entire management process of celery production from pre- to post-harvest.
The manifestations and mechanisms of continuous cropping obstacles in ornamental gourds, with fruit morphology and cortex quality as the core values were systematically reviewed, and integrated control measures for cucurbit crops were proposed. The obstacle of continuous cropping of ornamental gourds refers to the growth inhibition phenomenon that occurs after continuous cultivation of the crop, which not only manifests as slow seedling growth, abnormal root development, decreased plant resistance, and high incidence of pests and diseases, but also directly leads to problems such as fruit deformity and rough cortex. The mechanisms primarily involve: imbalance of soil nutrients due to excessive fertilizer application, leading to micronutrient deficiency and salt accumulation; buildup of soil-borne pathogens and pests (Fusarium spp. and root-knot nematodes); and the accumulation of phenolic acids released through root exudates and residue decomposition. Based on this, a comprehensive prevention and control strategy for continuous cropping obstacles of cucurbit crops was summarized, with the premise of ensuring the commercialization of the crop, including soil management, regulating soil nutrition through balanced fertilization, increased organic fertilizer application, and supplementation of secondary and micronutrients, while utilizing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria to improve the microecology. Pathogen control, implementing crop rotation models to disrupt pathogen cycles, combined with physical and chemical methods such as solarization and chemical disinfection to reduce soil pathogen load. Beneficial microorganisms should be reintroduced after disinfection to restore soil fertility. Biotechnology applications, breeding disease-resistant varieties and using grafting techniques (with pumpkin rootstocks) to enhance plant stress tolerance. These measures collectively form an integrated management system, providing a reference for addressing continuous cropping obstacles in ornamental gourds.
To clarify the effects of different cultivation substrates on the yield and quality of facility tomatoes and determine the optimal cultivation substrate for facility tomato planting and production, this study used Provence tomatoes as the experimental material adopted a single-factor randomized block design, and set up 4 cultivation substrates, namely peat substrate (CK), expanded vermiculite substrate (T1), coir substrate (T2), and desalted coir substrate (T3). The average single fruit weight, average single plant yield, as well as the contents of vitamin C, soluble sugar and nitrate in the fruits of facility tomatoes under different cultivation substrate treatments were determined. The results indicated that different cultivation substrate treatments would significantly affect the formation of tomato yield and quality in facilities. Among them, the average single fruit weight, average single plant tomato yield, vitamin C content in fruits and soluble sugar content of tomatoes under T3 treatment were the highest, which were 282.59 g, 9.96 kg, 22.96 mg/100 g and 16.17% respectively. The nitrate content was the lowest, at 3.27 mg/kg. In conclusion, the yield is the highest and the quality is the best under the treatment of desalted coir substrate. In summary, under the conditions of this experiment, using this substrate to replace peat substrate is conducive to the improvement of tomato yield and quality. This article provides a reference for the development of green, scientific and high quality tomato cultivation in relevant regions.
This study systematically explores the importance, principles, specific methods, and supporting precautions of pruning techniques for ornamental peonies. The pruning of ornamental peonies must follow 4 core principles: balanced growth coordination, ventilation and light penetration, disease and pest prevention, and aesthetic shaping. Pruning is mainly carried out in spring and autumn. In spring, it is conducted before flower bud germination, with core operations including cutting off suckers, thinning flowers and buds, and removing withered flowers. In autumn, it is implemented after leaf fall, focusing on operations such as stub cutting, main branch determination, selection and retention of flowering branches, and removal of diseased, weak branches and abnormal buds. Based on this, this paper proposes a coordinated pruning model consisting of the “three cuttings and one determination” in spring (cutting suckers, thinning flower buds, removing withered flowers, and determining main branches) and the “three removals and two cuttings” in autumn (clearing diseased and weak branches, clearing crossing branches, clearing abnormal buds, cutting unlignified shoots, and cutting redundant flowering branches). Additionally, key supporting management points are clarified, including tool selection and disinfection, water and fertilizer management after pruning, and regular plant monitoring and maintenance. This technical system can provide technical support for the standardized shaping of ornamental peony plant type, precise regulation of flowering period, and sustainable cultivation management, and has important practical value for improving landscape effects and extending the peony industry chain.
Based on cotton phenological data (sowing, emergence, squaring, flowering, boll splitting, boll opening, and growth cessation) from the Alar reclamation area in Xinjiang from 2005 to 2024, the characteristics of cotton phenological changes in the region were analyzed using methods such as linear regression analysis and cumulative anomaly analysis. The results indicated that during 2005—2024, the total number of days in the cotton phenological period showed a change tendency rate of -1.865 d/10 a, reflecting an overall advancing trend. The various phenological stages were concentrated between April and November, with clear seasonal trends. Among them, the squaring stage exhibited a delayed trend, while all other phenological stages advanced to varying degrees, with the boll-opening stage showing the most significant advance, having a tendency rate of -7.060 d/10 a. The phenological phases exhibited significant dynamic changes. The sowing and emergence periods showed a delaying trend from 2005 to 2011, followed by an advancing trend from 2011 to 2021. The squaring and flowering stages displayed fluctuating patterns. From 2005 to 2015, the boll splitting and boll opening periods exhibited a delaying trend, which shifted to a significant advancing trend after 2015. The growth cessation periods exhibited a “high–low–high–low”dynamic change but demonstrated an overall advancing trend. The findings of this study provide a reference for cotton production management in the study area.
To explore the effects of different land preparation methods and slope positions on the growth and yield of Morinda officinalis planted under the forest, this paper adopted a two-factor randomized block design, setting up 3 land preparation methods (full reclamation land preparation, strip land preparation, and block land preparation) and 3 slope positions (upper slope, middle slope, and lower slope), to measure the growth conditions and yield of Morinda officinalis under different treatments. The results showed that the average fresh weight and preservation rate of fleshy roots per plant of Morinda officinalis varied significantly among different land preparation methods. Under the condition of full reclamation and land preparation, the average fresh weight of fleshy roots per plant (491 g) of the 10-year Morinda officinalis was the highest, the preservation rate (78.9%) of the 6-year Morinda officinalis was the highest, and the yield (34 767.0 kg/hm2) of the 10-year Morinda officinalis was the highest. The average annual yield (4 594.2 kg/hm2) of Morinda officinalis from the 6-year full reclamation and land preparation was the highest. The average fresh weight of fleshy roots per plant and the preservation rate of Morinda officinalis at different slope positions showed significant differences. The average fresh weight of fleshy roots per plant (497 g) was the highest in the 10-year Morinda officinalis growing on the downhill slope, the preservation rate (79.6%) was the highest, and the yield (34 947.3 kg/hm2) of 10-year Morinda officinalis was the highest. The annual average yield (4 748.7 kg/hm2) of 6-year Morinda officinalis is the highest. Overall, the full reclamation and land preparation method, as well as the planting of Morinda officinalis under the forest on the lower slopes, can effectively increase the yield of Morinda officinalis. Taking 6 years as the cultivation period of Morinda officinalis can significantly increase the average annual yield during the planting cycle.
The myostatin gene MSTN, a crucial regulator of muscle development, holds significant research value and application potential in livestock production. This article reviewed the research progress on the mechanism of action of the MSTN gene, its role in livestock and poultry growth, and its application in livestock and poultry breeding improvement. MSTN inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts, thereby reducing muscle growth rate and meat yield. Its regulatory process involves multiple coordinated signaling pathways, such as modulating the expression of factors like Myf5, MyoD, and CDK2, and interacting with molecules including insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). During animal growth, MSTN regulates skeletal muscle development by suppressing both the hyperplasia and hypertrophy of muscle fibers, and it can also influence fatty acid metabolism by altering mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle. Regarding breeding applications, key SNPs have been identified within the MSTN gene in cattle, goats, pigs, and other livestock. These SNPs can serve as molecular markers for meat traits, facilitating efficient breeding programs. Utilizing individuals with MSTN mutations through crossbreeding strategies (e.g., two-way or three-way crosses) alongside precise feeding management enables the development of superior breeds with excellent characteristics. Furthermore, modern gene-editing technologies like CRISPR/Cas9 can be applied to the MSTN gene to promote muscle growth, improve meat quality, and create new livestock lines. This review provides a reference for the application of the MSTN gene in livestock and poultry genetic breeding.
Based on the current state of animal husbandry development and the characteristics of the grassland ecosystem in Xinjiang, the interactive relationship and coordinated development strategies between the two were analyzed. In recent years, driven by industrial support and technological innovation, animal husbandry in the study area has shown positive development trends. However, its reliance on forage resources, coupled with overgrazing and climate change, has exacerbated the risk of grassland ecosystem degradation. Animal husbandry depends on the resources provided by the grassland, while its development modes affect grassland health, creating a relationship of mutual dependence and constraint. Accordingly, strategies for coordinated development are proposed from the perspectives of disciplinary development, market and economic development, engineering measures and industrial support, as well as cultural and quality development. In terms of disciplinary development, fostering interdisciplinary talent in grassland science, animal husbandry, and ecology through disciplinary construction promotes green and eco-friendly development of animal husbandry. Regarding market and economic development, industrial upgrading, diversified income sources, and sustainable resource utilization are suggested to foster coordinated regional economic growth. For engineering measures and industrial support, ecologically protective measures such as economic compensation, scientific and technological support, and industrial transformation are proposed to balance grassland ecosystem health with sustainable animal husbandry. In grassland culture and herders' skills development, integrating cultural education, legal safeguards, and modern management to raise herders' awareness and pride in grassland culture, thereby motivating them to protect the grassland ecosystem. By adopting scientific management, long-term planning, and market alignment, herders can achieve a balance between livestock and grassland, improve product quality, and increase income, ultimately promoting the coordinated development of the grassland ecosystem and animal husbandry. This study provides a reference for harmonizing ecological conservation with animal husbandry development.
To analyze the effect of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on the alkali resistance of Camphora bodinieri seedlings, in this study, Camphora bodinieri seedlings were used as materials and treated with exogenous MeJA at concentrations of 0 (control), 200, 500, and 1 000 µmol/L, respectively. The content of photosynthetic pigments, the degree of lipid peroxidation in cell membranes, the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the expression levels of key genes for flavonoid metabolism in the seedlings of Camphora bodinieri under alkali stress under each treatment were determined, and the alkali resistance of the seedlings was analyzed by the membership function method. The results indicated that treatment with 200 and 500 µmol/L exogenous MeJA could increase the content of photosynthetic pigments and soluble sugar of Camphora bodinieri seedlings, reduce the content of MDA and relative electrical conductivity, enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and activate the expression levels of genes related to flavonoid metabolism. Among them, the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids in the leaves of seedlings treated with 200 µmol/L MeJA increased by 7.13%, 57.31% and 21.93% respectively compared with the control. The MDA content in the leaves of seedlings decreased by 34.41% compared with the control, and the relative conductivity decreased by 12.66 percentage points compared to the control, the content of soluble sugar increased by 44.78% compared with the control, while the CAT activity and POD activity in the leaves increased by 17.71% and 65.49% respectively compared with the control. The expression levels of CbCHS, CbDFR and CbUFGT genes increased by 248.88%, 158.71% and 151.07% respectively compared with the control group. The comprehensive evaluation results showed that exogenous MeJA treatment could enhance the alkali resistance of Camphora bodinieri seedlings. Among them, the treatment with 200 µmol/L MeJA had the best effect. It was speculated that MeJA improves the alkali resistance of plants by activating the flavonoid metabolic pathway. This article provides a reference for studying the molecular mechanism by which MeJA enhances the alkali resistance of Camphora bodinieri.
To screen the medium formula suitable for the proliferation of clump-forming buds, this study used the ‘Yang-061' clonal Cunninghamia lanceolata as the experimental material. The effects of 6-BA (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mg/L), NAA (0.10, 0.15, 0.20 mg/L), and riboflavin (0, 0.1, 0.2 g/L) on the proliferation coefficient of clump-forming buds of Cunninghamia lanceolata were investigated by using a 3-factor 3-level L9 (33) orthogonal design experiment. The results indicated that the optimal medium formula for clump-forming bud proliferation was MS medium+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA+0.2 g/L riboflavin+40 g/L sucrose+6 g/L agar, with a pH of 5.8. Under this condition, the proliferation coefficient of the clump-forming buds was the highest, which was 3.84. The primary and secondary order of the effects of various factors on the proliferation of clump-forming buds of Cunninghamia lanceolata was 6-BA> riboflavin >NAA. The change in 6-BA concentration was the main factor affecting the proliferation coefficient of clump-forming buds of Cunninghamia lanceolata, and the interaction among 6-BA, NAA and riboflavin had a relatively small effect on the proliferation of clump-forming buds of Cunninghamia lanceolata. This article provides a reference for large-scale seedling cultivation of Cunninghamia lanceolata.
Based on the current occurrence status of Bemisia tabaci in Linquan County, Anhui Province, the reasons for its large-scale prevalence in the area were analyzed and integrated control measures were proposed. Since 2019, massive occurrences of B. tabaci have been monitored on vegetables, watermelons, soybeans, and other crops in the study area. The pest completes 10-13 generations per year, with significant generational overlap. Egg-laying begins in mid-to-late March, and the population peaks between July and September. Favorable climatic conditions, extensive cultivation of landscape seedlings, flowers, and vegetables, as well as the pest's strong adaptability, high reproductive capacity, and migratory ability, have collectively contributed to its widespread occurrence. In practice, concentrated control efforts should be carried out between April and May each year. For agricultural control, environmental sanitation measures such as clearing crop residues and utilizing straw for silage can eliminate breeding sites. Physical control methods include placing sticky traps (450–600 traps/hm2) combined with LED plastic cup traps to attract and kill adults, as well as installing 40–60 mesh insect-proof nets to block migration. For biological control, natural enemies such as Encarsia formosa and Orius sauteri can be released, supplemented by the application of bio-pesticides like matrine and Beauveria bassiana. Chemical control can involve targeted application of agents such as cyantraniliprole and nitenpyram. Through the implementation of these measures, effective control of B. tabaci can be achieved. This study provides a reference for the control of B. tabaci in related regions.
To select safe and efficient wheat seed treatment agents, the Zhenmai 12 was used as the test material and 5 agents were selected, including 27% difenoconazole·fludioxonil·thiamethoxam FS, with 6 treatments designed as follows: 27% difenoconazole·fludioxonil·thiamethoxam FS at 6 mL/kg (treatment 1), 32% tebuconazole·imidacloprid FLS at 7 mL/kg (treatment 2), 11% pyraclostrobin·triticonazole FLS at 0.75 mL/kg (treatment 3), 24% difenoconazole· fludioxonil· thiamethoxam FS at 10 mL/kg (treatment 4), 5% tebuconazole FSC at 0.8 mL/kg (treatment 5), and an untreated control (CK). Wheat emergence time, emergence rate, as well as the occurrence of aphids and sharp eyespot in each treatment were investigated, and the control efficacy of the agents was calculated. The results showed that all 5 agents prolonged wheat emergence time by 1-2 days. Compared with CK, treatment 3 significantly improved the emergence rate 15 days after sowing, and the difference compared with CK was statistically significant (P＜0.05), while no statistically significant differences (P>0.05) were observed between the other treatments and CK. For wheat aphids, treatment 1 demonstrated the highest control efficacy, followed by treatments 2 and 4. For wheat sharp eyespot, treatment 1 also showed the best control efficacy, followed by Treatment 4. In conclusion, 27% difenoconazole·fludioxonil·thiamethoxam FS (treatment 1) had a relatively small impact on wheat emergence time, improved the emergence rate to a certain extent, and effectively controlled both wheat aphids and sharp eyespot, making it suitable for promotion and application as a wheat seed treatment agent.
The comprehensive land consolidation in the whole region is a spatial governance activity that takes the territorial spatial planning as the basis and promotes the consolidation of agricultural land, construction land, ecological protection and restoration in a coordinated manner within a certain area. Combined with the promotion practice of the pilot project of comprehensive land consolidation in Anhui Province, the achievements and key areas to focus on in the whole region of this area were analyzed, and optimal pathways were proposed. At present, through the implementation of projects such as the construction of high standard farmland, the improvement of village supporting facilities, the improvement of woodland, and the integration of agriculture, culture and tourism, the optimization of land spatial layout has been realized, the living environment has been improved, the ecological environment has been improved, the industrial integration and development have been promoted, and the residents' income has been increased. However, in practice, particular attention must be paid to planning guidance, the attractiveness of industrial development, diversified funding channels, the synergy of pilot projects, and approaches to land ownership adjustment. Based on this, targeted optimization pathways were put forward, including strengthening the investigation and analysis of basic potential to improve the comprehensive land consolidation planning; combining with the existing resource base, actively exploring incentive measures in terms of land supply and factor guarantee to enhance the attraction of industries; exploring diversified investment and financing models in light of its own conditions; adopting the mode of “government overall planning and departmental coordination” to establish a co-construction and sharing mechanism; exploring the establishment of a technical system for investigation, evaluation, distribution and registration of land ownership adjustment to improve the measures for land ownership adjustment. This paper provides a reference for further promoting the comprehensive land consolidation work in the whole region of the study area.
The Yinxiang 38 was used as the test subject in this study, four treatments were set up: treatment 1 (50% pretilachlor EC at 1 500 mL/m2), treatment 2 (50% pretilachlor EC at 1 800 mL/m2), treatment 3 (41% flufenacet SC at 150 mL/m2), and treatment 4 (41% flufenacet SC at 180 mL/m2), with clear water as the blank control. Under 3 environmental conditions such as indoor pot, simulated field microclimate, and field, the efficacy and safety of different treatments on rice growth were compared. The results showed that in the pot experiment, all treatments demonstrated high control effects against weed rice 14 d after application. In the simulated field microclimate experiment, the control effects of treatments 1 and 2 was significantly lower than that of the pot experiment 14 d after application. However, the decline in the control effect of treatments 3 and 4 was relatively small compared to the pot test, they still maintained a relatively high control effects and were significantly better than those of treatments 1 and 2. The differences compared with treatments 1 and 2 were statistically significant (P＜0.05). In the field control experiment, there were statistically significant differences between treatments 3 and 4 and treatments 1 and 2 at 14 and 21 d after medication (P＜0.05). In terms of the safety of rice growth, treament 1, 2, 3 and 4 had no significant effect on growth indicators such as leaf age and stem tiller number of rice. However, the plant height increments of treatments 3 and 4 were significantly different from those in the blank area (P＜0.05), indicating that 50% pretilachlor EC had better safety for rice and could reduce the damage to rice in production applications, while 41% flufenacet SC had an impact on the normal growth of seedling height at the experimental dose. Comprehensive analysis showed that both pretilachlor and flufenacet could be used to control weeds in rice fields, and flufenacet could be used as an efficient agent to control weeds in rice fields.
Based on the 2022 land use data of Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang, spatial information technology platforms such as ArcGIS and Fragstats 4.2 were employed to divide evaluation units and construct a land use ecological risk index assessment model based on landscape pattern indices, thereby evaluating the ecological risk of the region. The results were as follows: (1) The main land use types in the study area are bare land, grassland, farmland, and ice-snow, accounting for 57.780 1%, 23.496 6%, 11.626 2%, and 6.631 4% of the total area, respectively. (2) The landscape ecological risk index of the study area ranged from 0.010 2 to 0.175 5. The high risk area had the smallest area, covering 834 239.18 hm² (6.13% ), with grassland, ice-snow, and bare land as the main land use types. The lower risk area had the largest area, reaching 4 109 047.97 hm²(30.20%), dominated by bare land, grassland, and farmland. The level of landscape ecological risk of land use was closely related to the four land use types mentioned above (grassland, bare land, farmland, and ice-snow). (3) Among the 12 regions in the study area, the medium- and high-risk zones accounted for a relatively low proportion of the total area, 8 sub-regions had a high risk area proportion of 0, while the remaining 4 sub-regions had a high risk area proportion ranging from 10% to 50%. Overall, the ecosystem of the region was in a good state.The research results provide a reference for the ecosystem maintenance of this region.
To clarify the distribution status and influence degree of invasive alien plants in Foziling Nature Reserve, a method combining line investigation and plot investigation was adopted to investigate the types and hazard types of invasive alien plants, as well as the invasion routes and hazard characteristics. The results showed that there were 5 invasive alien plants in the study area, belonging to 5 families and 5 genera, namely Solidago canadensis, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Cuscuta chinensis, Phytolacca Americana, Amaranthus spinosus. The high-incidence periods of the 5 plants were all from July to November, and all of them have affected ecological security. Invasive plants were concentrated in the experimental area (4 sample plots) and the buffer zone (8 sample plots), and no invasive species were found in the core area. The invasion routes could be divided into unintentional introduction and natural introduction. Among them, two invasive alien plants, Solidago canadensis and Alternanthera philoxeroides, had a significant impact on the population ecology of nature reserves. The importance values of invasive alien species from high to low were Solidago canadensis > Alternanthera philoxeroides > Cuscuta chinensis > Phytolacca Americana > Amaranthus spinosus, with their importance values being 15.74, 15.39, 13.72, 13.34 and 11.18 respectively. Overall, the invasive alien plants in the study area showed an uneven spatial distribution, were greatly affected by human activities, and the importance value of invasive alien species was constantly increasing. Ecological restoration work should be carried out to prevent the spread and proliferation of invasive alien plants.
This study utilized transcriptome sequencing to analyze floral tissues of Dendrobium nobile across 3 developmental stages [early bud stage (stage Ⅰ), late bud stage (stage Ⅱ), initial flowering stage (stage Ⅲ)] and under 3 stress conditions (low temperature, high temperature, and mechanical damage, all applied to stage Ⅲ samples). Comparative analyses of transcriptome profiles were conducted between developmental stages (Ⅰ vs Ⅱ, Ⅱ vs Ⅲ, Ⅰvs Ⅲ) and between stressed samples and their corresponding controls (stage Ⅲ stress vs control). The results revealed 26 598, 29 680, 30 263, 7 495, 13 713, and 8 764 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for the Ⅰ vs Ⅱ, Ⅱ vs Ⅲ, Ⅰvs Ⅲ, low temperature, high temperature, and mechanical damage comparisons, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis indicated that these DEGs were primarily associated with the biological process, cellular component, and molecular function categories. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed significant enrichment in processes such as plant hormone signal transduction, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, plant-pathogen interaction, and the plant MAPK signaling pathway. Furthermore, 74 MADS transcription factors were identified as differentially expressed across the comparisons, with 40, 34, 40, 17, 25, and 16 found in the Ⅰ vs Ⅱ, Ⅱ vs Ⅲ, Ⅰvs Ⅲ, low temperature, high temperature, and mechanical damage comparisons, respectively. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying floral development and stress responses in Dendrobium nobile.
Based on conventional upper-air and surface observations, combined with satellite and radar detection data, synoptic methodology was utilized to analyze a heavy rain process that occurred in Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia, from August 2 to 4, 2023. The analysis primarily focused on its circulation background, physical parameters, and satellite cloud imagery characteristics. The results indicated that the event was triggered by the interaction between typhoon “Khanun” and a mid-latitude trough. A quasi-stationary low vortex at 850 hPa over Northeast China and a surface cyclone were the primary influencing systems. A southerly low-level jet on the western flank of the subtropical high provided sustained moisture from the Bohai and advected a cyclone family northeastward, supplying the necessary dynamic forcing for the heavy rainfall. The peripheral moisture from typhoon “Khanun”, transported remotely via an easterly low-level jet on the northern side of the low vortex, served as the key moisture source. Favorable dynamic conditions included an east-west shear line and the topographic forcing of the Greater Khingan Mountains. The precipitation characteristics transitioned from initial convective to subsequent stratiform. Satellite imagery confirms that the vortex cloud system was a crucial factor in the development of the rainstorms. The research results provide a reference for rainstorm early warning and agricultural production.
This study utilized monitoring data of atmospheric pollutants (SO2, NO2, CO, O3, PM10, and PM2.5) from 2018 to 2021 in parts of Anhui Province (BB, CZ, SZ, MAS, WH, and XC monitoring sites), along with precipitation data (represented by CZ, including FY, CZ-1, DY, QJ, LA, and TC stations), to analyze the characteristics of precipitation and atmospheric pollution in the study area. The scavenging effect of precipitation on atmospheric pollutants was investigated by calculating scavenging rates and correlations. Results showed that the number of days exceeding PM10 concentration standards at the BB, CZ, SZ, MAS, WH, and XC monitoring sites were 106, 106, 114, 33, 23, and 11 days, respectively, while the number of days exceeding PM2.5 concentration standards were 183, 183, 221, 111, 127, and 93 days, respectively. Taking CZ as an example, the distribution of precipitation types generally followed: light rain > moderate rain > heavy rain > storm > heavy storm. The annual precipitation characteristics across the sites generally showed an initial decrease, followed by an increase, and then another decrease, with the peak precipitation occurring in July. Precipitation was concentrated between June and August. Analysis of the scavenging effect of precipitation on atmospheric pollutants revealed that as precipitation intensity increased, the scavenging rate of atmospheric pollutants gradually rose, with the positive scavenging effect strengthening accordingly. Continuous precipitation demonstrated a greater reduction in atmospheric pollutant concentrations compared to single precipitation events. Specifically, continuous precipitation over 4 days resulted in higher positive scavenging rates for PM10 and PM2.5, were 68.00% 、 76.00%, while continuous precipitation over 2 days yielded higher positive scavenging rates for SO₂, NO₂, CO, and O₃, ranging from 48.84% to 65.12%. Precipitation events with positive scavenging rates showed a positive correlation with PM10 and PM2.5, and NO₂, whereas precipitation events with negative scavenging rates exhibited a positive correlation with SO₂ and NO₂. Overall, precipitation had a weaker impact on O₃ and CO, and its scavenging effect on particulate pollutants (PM10 and PM2.5) was stronger than on gaseous pollutants (SO2, NO2, CO, O3). This study provides a valuable reference for optimizing agricultural meteorological services and safeguarding agricultural production.
In response to the existing problems in the teaching of the Agricultural Meteorology course, such as the mismatch between teaching content and class hours, the disconnection between theoretical knowledge and actual agricultural production, and the need for improvement in the ideological and political construction of the course, this paper proposes targeted reform countermeasures. Specifically, the reform includes: optimizing teaching content and class hours by major, focusing on intensive teaching of common knowledge points, expanding content in line with professional characteristics, and simplifying overlapping content across courses; strengthening the connection between theory and practice, such as raising questions based on daily phenomena and integrating agricultural proverbs to enhance classroom interest and knowledge applicability; and deeply exploring ideological and political elements, such as infiltrating the recognition of traditional culture in the explanation of solar terms, and cultivating ecological awareness in the modules of climate and water. After 2 years of reform practice, the course has achieved remarkable results: the rate of unexcused absence of students is nearly 0, students' classroom participation has increased; for the Seed Science and Engineering major, the failure rate has dropped from 11.1% to 3.9%, and the proportion of students scoring above 80 has risen from 31.5% to 54.9%. In addition, some students have shown willingness to pursue further studies in meteorology-related majors, and undergraduate students majoring in Agronomy have published papers on meteorological disaster risk assessment, with their practical and data analysis abilities significantly improved. A survey of 111 students from the 2022 cohort (111 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective response rate of 100%) revealed that the practical training and internships in the curriculum still need further enhancement. Currently, a cooperation agreement has been reached with the Tianjin Municipal Meteorological Bureau, and there are plans to organize on-site visits and learning activities for the students. This study can provide references for the teaching reform of similar courses in relevant colleges and universities.
To cultivate high-level scientific and technological talents in the field of plant protection, this paper systematically expounds on the teaching necessity of the Research Methods in Plant Protection course, analyzes the challenges currently faced by this course, and puts forward targeted reform strategies. First, regarding the necessity of the course teaching, students can master the core theories, key technologies and scientific research capabilities of plant protection through studying this course; meanwhile, it is clearly stated that the course should serve the talent cultivation goal of comprehensive rural revitalization. Subsequently, the paper analyzes the current challenges faced by the course， including insufficient connection between innovative practical training and the needs of modern agriculture, shortage of practical teaching resources, backward some curriculum design, and the need to improve teachers' practical capabilities. In response to the above problems, corresponding curriculum reform strategies are proposed. At the theoretical teaching level, the curriculum system is optimized by integrating cutting-edge knowledge such as modern agricultural technologies and ecological protection; interdisciplinary teaching teams are built through regular training and talent introduction; innovative teaching methods such as case analysis and flipped classrooms are adopted; modules such as intelligent agriculture and precision agriculture are added to enhance the quality of talent cultivation. At the practical teaching level, virtual simulation laboratories and online practical platforms are constructed; students are organized to participate in social practices related to comprehensive rural revitalization; and cooperative internship bases with enterprises, universities and research institutes are expanded. Through the reform practice, the course reform has achieved remarkable results: the students' participation rate in practical activities has increased from 85% in 2022 to 100% in 2024, among which one team has won the title of “university-level practical team”; the excellent rate of students' comprehensive course scores has increased by 20%; the number of scientific research papers published by students has risen from 85 in 2022 to 106 in 2023. In terms of teachers, their practical teaching capabilities and scientific research levels have been improved: in the past two years, they have obtained 2 municipal teaching reform projects and guided 2 provincial-level graduate scientific research innovation projects. This paper provides a reference for the teaching reform of related courses.
To cultivate interdisciplinary talents, the key aspects that required attention in the conventional teaching of the Animal Biochemistry course were analyzed in this paper; these aspects mainly included insufficient learning initiative among students, weak cultivation of research capabilities and experimental skills, and inadequate application of information-based teaching methods. Centering on the core objectives of the course, a research-oriented teaching reform was designed and implemented. With students as the focus, the reform systematically optimized the teaching process through strategies such as constructing problem-oriented teaching, promoting the transformation of experimental teaching from verification to inquiry, applying information-based tools like virtual laboratories and AlphaFold2, and establishing a diversified evaluation system consisting of final exam results, experimental performance, classroom participation, and scientific research reports. Effect evaluation shows that after the reform, students' final academic scores have significantly improved, especially in comprehensive application questions; their scientific research literacy has been notably enhanced, with some students completing small-scale scientific research projects and winning university-level and provincial-level competition awards; their independent learning ability has been greatly improved, and more than 80% of students recognize the reform's role in enhancing independent learning skills. In conclusion, this research-oriented teaching reform effectively promotes the transformation of students from “passive acceptance” to “active inquiry”, realizes the organic integration of teaching and scientific research. This paper provides a reference for the teaching reform of related courses.
The research of agricultural science textbooks was focused on, and the key issues that current textbooks needed to pay attention to were analyzed from three dimensions: content, form, and system. For example, in terms of the content dimension, some textbooks fail to timely incorporate cutting-edge disciplinary knowledge and new agricultural technologies, lack innovative cases and thinking training, and have a low proportion of practical content that is disconnected from actual production. In terms of form, the issues are characterized by text-dominated presentation with insufficient intuitive resources, one-way knowledge transmission, and absence of embedded interactive sections. In terms of the system, textbooks face problems such as unbalanced types (inadequate textbooks for core professional courses and practical courses despite well-developed basic course textbooks) and lack of integration and connection between different courses. Based on the above analysis, targeted countermeasures are proposed: first, optimize textbook content by updating cutting-edge disciplinary knowledge in a timely manner, strengthening the design of practical content, etc., to enhance the advancement and practicality of the content; second, innovate textbook forms by adding interactive sections and collecting feedback through online platforms to improve intuitiveness and interactivity; third, construct a diversified textbook system and promote the diversification of textbook types to meet different talent training needs; fourth, strengthen textbook construction and management, and establish a strict review mechanism involving multiple subjects; fifth, promote the digital construction of textbooks, build online teaching resource platforms, and advance the in-depth integration of textbooks with online and offline teaching. This study aims to enhance the quality and adaptability of agricultural science textbooks through systematic optimization, thereby providing strong support for the cultivation of innovative talents in agricultural sciences.
The green transformation of agriculture was the key to reconciling environmental protection and the increase of farmers' income. Based on the data from the statistical yearbooks of various regions from 1990 to 2022, this paper took Green Total Factor Productivity (GTFP) as the core explanatory variable to empirically test the impact of the green transformation of agriculture on farmers' income. The study found that the improvement of GTFP had a significant positive effect on the increase of farmers' income, but this effect had obvious income heterogeneity. Specifically, the growth of GTFP had a positive impact on the income of middle-and high-income farmer groups, while it might have had a negative effect on the income of low-income farmer groups. This difference might have stemmed from the capital and technology, land scale and other factors faced by low-income farmers in the process of green transformation. Accordingly, measures such as establishing and improving support mechanisms for different types of farmers and strengthening the monitoring and evaluation of green transformation should have been taken to ensure the income stability of low-income farmers in the process of green transformation. This paper provides a reference for balancing ecological protection and the increase of farmers' income.
Based on the practical experience of the construction of the agricultural product quality and safety traceability system in Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province, the current situation and areas that need improvement of the construction of the agricultural product quality and safety traceability system in this area were deeply analyzed, and targeted development countermeasures were put forward. All the agricultural-related towns and townships in the study area have established a grid-based supervision system, which has certain technical support and personnel guarantee. Centralized information sharing for the traceability of agricultural product quality and safety has been achieved through cloud computing technology. The agricultural product quality and safety supervision team is composed of supervision personnel at the municipal, county and township levels, as well as village-level assistants, forming a powerful supervision network. The construction of the agricultural product quality and safety traceability system in the study area needs improvement in terms of the participation enthusiasm of production and operation entities, technical support, and talent cultivation. Based on this, countermeasures have been proposed, including strengthening information-based monitoring, establishing testing and certification service points, perfecting the standard system, updating testing methods and technologies, optimizing personnel allocation, enhancing technical personnel training, and introducing and cultivating professional talents. This article provides a reference for the optimization of the traceability system for agricultural product quality and safety in relevant regions.
