安徽农学通报 >
2024 , Vol. 30 >Issue 18: 9 - 13
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2024.18.003
西瓜—水稻—绿肥水旱轮作栽培技术
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谢长宝(1978—),男,江苏南京人,硕士,农艺师,从事西瓜育种与栽培工作。 |
Copy editor: 李媛
收稿日期: 2024-04-02
网络出版日期: 2024-09-30
基金资助
国家西瓜甜瓜育种联合攻关任务(农种发〔2022〕5号)
安徽省西瓜甜瓜良种联合攻关项目(合农〔2023〕41号)
合肥市农业行业首席专家工作室项目(202319)
Rotation cultivation technique of watermelon-rice-green manure
Received date: 2024-04-02
Online published: 2024-09-30
为促进种植业绿色高质量发展,提高土地利用率,增加农民收入,集成了西瓜—水稻—绿肥水旱轮作栽培模式。本文总结分析了该模式栽培技术要点及效益。利用小拱棚栽培技术,选用早中熟优质西瓜品种,4月上旬定植,6月采收,罢园时将健康瓜蔓留田作为水稻有机肥;水稻选用高产优质中稻品种,软盘育秧,6月底机插,10月底收割;收割前15~20 d撒紫云英种子作绿肥,绿肥生长期间注意排水防涝,第二年3月翻耕还田。该模式在稳定水稻生产的同时提高了农田周年效益,促进了西瓜和水稻产业的可持续发展,同时有效减轻了田间病虫害的发生,达到减肥减药的效果,有利于西瓜和水稻的稳产高产,经济效益和生态效益得到提升。
谢长宝 , 刘江林 , 周贤达 , 林茂 , 王浩波 . 西瓜—水稻—绿肥水旱轮作栽培技术[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2024 , 30(18) : 9 -13 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2024.18.003
In order to promote the green and high-quality development of agriculture, improve land use efficiency, and increase farmers’ income, the cultivation model of watermelon-rice-green manure was integrated. The key cultivation techniques and benefits of this model were summarized and analyzed. Using the technique of small arch shed cultivation, watermelons were selected from early and middle maturing and high-quality varieties. Watermelons were planted in early April and harvested in June. When the garden was closed, healthy vines were left in the field as organic fertilizer for rice. High-yield and high-quality mid season rice varieties were selected for rice cultivation, with soft disk seedling cultivation, machine insertion at the end of June, and harvesting at the end of October. 15-20 days before harvesting, sprinkle milk vetch seeds as green manure. During the growth period of green manure, pay attention to drainage and flood prevention. In March of the following year, plow and return to the field. This model improves the annual benefits of farmland while stabilizing rice production, promotes the sustainable development of watermelon and rice industries, and effectively reduces the occurrence of field diseases and pests, achieving the effect of weight loss and drug reduction. It is conducive to the stable and high-yield of watermelon and rice, and the economic and ecological benefits are improved.
Key words: watermelon; rice; green manure; rotation cultivation
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