安徽农学通报 >
2025 , Vol. 31 >Issue 2: 36 - 39
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.02.007
羊肚菌设施内畦床式栽培技术
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李婷(1975—),女,安徽萧县人,高级农艺师,从事农业技术推广工作。 |
Copy editor: 李媛
收稿日期: 2024-11-24
网络出版日期: 2025-01-24
Cultivation techniques of Morchella in bed-type facilities
Received date: 2024-11-24
Online published: 2025-01-24
本文结合安徽宿州萧县一家庭农场生产种植经验,总结分析了羊肚菌生长的适宜环境、设施条件以及栽培技术要点。该菌栽植宜选择空气质量好,地势平缓、排灌方便的地块,土壤要求为土质松软,弱碱性、透气性较好的砂壤土;栽培设施以日光温室大棚为主,配备滴灌带和雾化装置。其设施栽培技术要点包括选择菇型、颜色好,种性稳定,肉质肥厚,产量较高的优良品种;进行土壤翻耕、消毒,制作外源营养料包等播种前准备工作;精细播种,覆盖黑色地膜;做好浇灌盖膜,温光调控,放营养包和催菇等播后管理工作;出菇期结合各时期要求进行管理;综合应用农业手段、物理方法、生物技术和化学防治技术,有效防治菌菇生长过程中的杂菌污染和病虫为害;按照“采大留小”原则适时采收,采后及时储藏或运输。本文为羊肚菌设施栽培产业发展提供参考。
李婷 . 羊肚菌设施内畦床式栽培技术[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2025 , 31(2) : 36 -39 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.02.007
The production and planting experience of a family farm in Xiaoxian, Suzhou, Anhui Province was combined, and the suitable environment, facility conditions, and key cultivation techniques for the growth of Morchella were summarized and analyzed. The cultivation of this fungus should be carried out on land with good air quality, flat terrain, and convenient drainage and irrigation. The soil should be loose, weakly alkaline, and well-permeable sandy loam; the cultivation facilities mainly consist of solar greenhouses, equipped with drip irrigation belts and atomization devices. The key points of facility cultivation techniques include selecting excellent varieties with mushroom shape, color, stable seed quality, thick meat texture, and high-yield; carry out soil plowing, disinfection, and prepare external nutrient packages before sowing; fine sowing, cover with black plastic film; do a good job in post-sowing management such as watering and mulching, temperature and light regulation, nutrient package placement, and mushroom urging; manage the mushroom production period in accordance with the requirements of each period; comprehensively applying agricultural methods, physical methods, biotechnology, and chemical techniques to effectively prevent and control bacterial contamination and pest infestations during the growth process of mushrooms; according to the principle of “picking large and keeping small”, harvest in a timely manner, and store or transport in a timely manner after harvesting. This article provides references for the development of facility cultivation industry of Morchella.
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