安徽农学通报 >
2025 , Vol. 31 >Issue 2: 86 - 91
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.02.016
雨山区小麦赤霉病的综合防治
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陶敏(1990—),女,安徽芜湖人,助理农艺师,从事基层农业技术推广工作。 |
Copy editor: 李媛
收稿日期: 2024-10-12
网络出版日期: 2025-01-24
Comprehensive control of wheat scab in Yushan District
Received date: 2024-10-12
Online published: 2025-01-24
从安徽马鞍山雨山区小麦生产实践出发,总结分析了该作物赤霉病的形成原因、主要病症和危害以及防治措施。小麦赤霉病是由镰刀菌属引起的为害小麦生产的重要病害之一,是典型的气候性病害。研究区地属北亚热带季风过渡区,气候条件有利于赤霉病菌侵染;同时田间菌源量高、种植品种抗性不强、耕作方式和管理不当等均在一定程度上加重了该病害的发生和流行。该病害会造成小麦大面积减产,病穗中的毒素还会对人和牲畜造成危害。基于此,提出建立监测预警系统,及时掌握病害发生动态;完善适时、适量播种,科学施肥和田间管理等栽培管理技术;规范秸秆还田、施用基肥和引入生物防治菌,降低田间病原基数;采用分子标记等技术选育并种植抗病品种;采取药剂拌种、适期用药、交替轮换用药和选择合适施药机械等措施,进行科学的化学防治;适时收获、晾晒和储藏,加强收储管理等防治小麦赤霉病的策略,为相关地区小麦生产中赤霉病综合防治提供参考。
陶敏 , 夏武华 , 吴翠翠 . 雨山区小麦赤霉病的综合防治[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2025 , 31(2) : 86 -91 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.02.016
Starting from the wheat production practice in Yushan District, Ma’anshan, Anhui Province, the causes, main disease symptom, hazards, and prevention and control measures were summarized and analyzed of scab in this crop. Wheat scab is one of the important diseases affecting wheat production caused by Fusarium spp., and is a typical climatic disease. The research area belongs to the transitional zone of the northern subtropical monsoon, and the climatic conditions are favorable for the infection of Fusarium; at the same time, the high-amount of fungal sources in the field, weak resistance of planting varieties, improper cultivation methods and management can exacerbate the occurrence and spread of the disease to a certain extent. This disease can cause a large-scale reduction in wheat yield, and the toxins in the diseased ears can also cause harm to humans and livestock. Based on this, the strategies were proposed to establish a monitoring and early warning system to timely grasp the dynamic occurrence of diseases; improve cultivation and management techniques such as timely and appropriate sowing, scientific fertilization, and field management; standardize straw returning, application of base fertilizer, and introduction of biological control bacteria to reduce the base of pathogenic bacteria in the field; breeding and planting disease resistant varieties using molecular markers and other techniques; adopt scientific chemical prevention and control measures such as seed mixing with pesticides, appropriate timing of medication, alternating and rotating medication, and selecting suitable machinery; timely harvesting, drying, and storage, as well as strengthening collection and storage management for preventing and controlling wheat scab, provides references for comprehensive prevention and control of scab in wheat production in related area.
Key words: wheat scab; Fusarium; straw returning to the field; chemical control
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