安徽农学通报 >
2025 , Vol. 31 >Issue 3: 61 - 64
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.03.014
油茶林高产栽培技术
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谢雪峰(1977—),男,安徽祁门人,工程师,从事林业资源保护与应用工作。 |
Copy editor: 李媛
收稿日期: 2024-11-03
网络出版日期: 2025-02-13
High-yield cultivation techniques of Camellia oleifera forest
Received date: 2024-11-03
Online published: 2025-02-13
油茶作为一种特有的木本食用油料树种,兼具经济价值与生态维护功能。本研究结合该作物的生物学特性,从造林地选择、良种选择等方面系统探索了油茶林高产栽培技术。油茶树高2~8 m,果实为球形或近球形,一般在秋季成熟。其高产栽培技术要点包括选择海拔100~500 m、阳光充足且坡度在25 °以下的地区种植;根据土壤养分状况和植株的生长需求,科学配施氮、磷和钾肥,以改良土壤;优选果实较大、果皮较薄且籽仁产出率与油脂提炼率较高的品种;选择一年生或两年生壮苗,确保其生长良好、抗逆性强;开挖种植穴,采取合理方法进行苗木栽植;根据油茶树的树龄、土壤质地和当地气候条件合理灌溉、合理施肥;油茶采摘后以及春季新芽萌发前,及时去除病枝和弱枝;采取农业防治、生物防治和化学防治等手段,适时防治炭疽病、软腐病等病害以及油茶尺蠖、茶毒蛾等虫害;当果实成熟度在80%~90%时进行采摘,并及时进行加工处理,以防止变质。这些技术相互关联,共同构成了一个完整、高效和可持续的油茶高产栽培技术体系,为油茶及相关产业的高效发展提供参考。
谢雪峰 . 油茶林高产栽培技术[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2025 , 31(3) : 61 -64 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.03.014
Camellia oleifera as a unique woody edible oil tree species, has both economic value and ecological maintenance functions. The techniques for high-yield cultivation of Camellia oleifera forests combined its biological characteristics were systematically explored, including selection of afforestation sites, superior varieties, and others. Camellia oleifera trees are 2-8 meters tall, with spherical or nearly spherical fruits that generally mature in autumn. The key points of high-yield cultivation techniques include selecting areas with an altitude of 100-500 meters, sufficient sunlight, and slopes below 25 degrees for planting; scientifically apply nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers based on the nutrient status of the soil and the growth needs of plants to improve the soil; select varieties with larger fruits, thinner skin, and higher seed and oil extraction rates; choose strong seedlings that are one or two years old, ensuring their good growth and strong stress resistance; excavate planting holes and adopt reasonable methods for seedling planting; reasonably irrigate and reasonably fertilize oil tea trees based on their age, soil texture, and local climate conditions; after the oil tea is harvested and before the new shoots sprout in spring, remove diseased and weak branches in a timely manner; adopt agricultural, biological, and chemical control measures to timely prevent and control diseases such as anthracnose and soft rot, as well as pests such as Biston marginata and Euproctis pseudoconspersa; when the fruit is 80% to 90% ripe, it should be harvested and processed promptly to prevent spoilage. These technological lare interrelated and together form a complete, efficient, and sustainable high-yield cultivation techniques system for Camellia oleifera, provide references for the efficient development of Camellia oleifera and its related industries.
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