安徽农学通报 >
2025 , Vol. 31 >Issue 4: 12 - 15
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.04.003
淮北地区大豆玉米带状复合种植高效栽培技术
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徐朗(1969—),男,安徽界首人,助理农艺师,从事农作物栽培、“四情”监测数据分析研究。 |
Copy editor: 李媛
收稿日期: 2025-01-07
网络出版日期: 2025-02-28
Efficient cultivation techniques for strip intercropping of soybean and corn in the Huaibei region
Received date: 2025-01-07
Online published: 2025-02-28
推广大豆玉米带状复合种植模式是提高大豆生产能力的有效途径之一。本文基于安徽淮北地区大豆玉米带状复合种植实践,从品种选择、种植模式选择和种子处理等方面总结出其高效栽培技术。品种选择方面,选择有限结荚习性、耐阴、耐密植、耐高温、抗倒、抗病且抗旱的大豆品种;选择株型紧凑、高度适中、耐高温、耐密植、耐穗腐、抗病且宜机收的玉米品种。种植模式选择4行玉米+6行大豆的种植模式。种子处理包括拣种、晒种、药剂拌种或包衣等。选用4行玉米播种机、6行大豆播种机进行种肥同播。播后芽前及时封闭除草,针对封闭除草效果欠佳地块,在大豆1~2片复叶、玉米4~5叶期,及时采用玉米、大豆专用除草剂定向隔离除草。采用微喷灌水肥一体化技术进行灌水、追肥和叶面施肥,满足玉米大喇叭口期、大豆开花结荚期和鼓粒期水肥供应。在玉米6~9片叶、大豆初花期喷施控旺剂,以控制植株旺长。坚持预防为主、防治结合的原则,适时适药防治大豆病毒病、蚜虫,玉米茎腐病、草地贪夜蛾等病虫害。选择抗高温热害大豆品种、合理施肥和及时浇水,以预防大豆“症青”。选择耐高温热害玉米品种、适时浇水和人工辅助授粉等,以防止玉米抽雄吐丝期受高温热害影响。结合田间大豆、玉米成熟情况,选择先熟先收或异机同时收获方式。本文为相关地区大豆玉米带状复合种植模式进一步推广应用提供参考。
徐朗 . 淮北地区大豆玉米带状复合种植高效栽培技术[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2025 , 31(4) : 12 -15 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.04.003
Promoting the strip intercropping model of soybean and corn is one of the effective ways to improve soybean production capacity. The practice of strip intercropping of soybean and corn was based on in the Huaibei, Anhui Province, and its efficient cultivation techniques were summarized from the aspects of variety selection, planting model selection, seed treatment, and etc. In terms of variety selection, selecting soybean varieties with limited podding habits, shade tolerance, dense planting tolerance, high temperature tolerance, lodging resistance, disease resistance, and drought resistance; corn varieties with compact plant type, moderate height, high temperature tolerance, dense planting tolerance, ear rot tolerance, disease resistance, and suitable for machine harvesting. Selecting the planting model of 4 rows of corn and 6 rows of soybeans. Seed treatment including seed selection, sun drying, pesticide mixing or coating. Selecting 4 rows of corn seeders and 6 rows of soybean seeders for simultaneous fertilization and sowing. After sowing and before sprouting, timely sealing and weeding should be carried out. For plots with poor sealing and weeding effects, corn and soybean specific herbicides should be used for targeted isolation and weeding during the 1-2 compound leaf stage of soybeans and 4-5 leaf stage of corn. To meet the water and fertilizer supply needs during the corn bell mouth stage, soybean flowering and pod setting stage, and grain filling stage, the integrated technology of micro spray irrigation and fertilization is adopted for irrigation, topdressing, and foliar fertilization. Spraying control agents on 6-9 leaves of corn and early flowering stage of soybeans to control plant growth. Adhering to the principle of prevention first and combining prevention and control, and timely apply appropriate drugs to prevent and control diseases and pests such as soybean virus disease, aphid, corn stem rot disease, and Spodoptera frugiperda, etc. Choosing soybean varieties that are resistant to high temperature and heat damage, apply fertilizers reasonably, and water them in a timely manner to prevent soybean ‘disease greening’. Selecting varieties of corn that are resistant to high temperature and heat damage, water them in a timely manner, and use artificial pollination to prevent and control the impact of high temperature and heat damage on the tasseling and silk emergence stages of corn. Based on the maturity of soybeans and corn in the field, choose the method of harvesting first after maturity or harvesting with different machines simultaneously. This article provides references for further promotion and application of the soybean corn strip intercropping model in relevant regions.
Key words: corn; soybean; intercropping; integration of water and fertilizer
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