安徽农学通报 >
2025 , Vol. 31 >Issue 5: 33 - 38
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.05.008
蔬菜作物育种研究进展
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王梦琪(1997—),女,新疆沙湾人,硕士,从事生物与医药研究。 |
Copy editor: 李媛
收稿日期: 2024-10-20
网络出版日期: 2025-03-13
Advances in vegetable crop breeding research
Received date: 2024-10-20
Online published: 2025-03-13
本文综述了当前用于蔬菜作物的传统育种和现代育种技术。传统育种包括广泛杂交、近亲繁殖等,能改良作物性状,存在效率较低、成本较高等局限性。引入诱变、基因编辑等现代育种技术可有效提高育种效率和精准度;基因组测序和功能基因组学的进步,为解析蔬菜基因组提供了可能,并促进性状精准改良;分子标记技术和转基因技术也为提高蔬菜产量、品质和耐逆性提供了新手段。通过这些技术进行蔬菜作物育种,能够提升作物的适应性和经济价值,确保食品安全和营养需求。未来将继续探索基因组辅助育种的潜力,将大数据和人工智能等技术应用于蔬菜育种,为开发高产、抗病害且耐胁迫的蔬菜品种提供参考。
王梦琪 , 任勇攀 , 冯丽环 , 庞中华 . 蔬菜作物育种研究进展[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2025 , 31(5) : 33 -38 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.05.008
An overview of traditional and modern breeding techniques currently used for vegetable crops was provided. Traditional breeding includes extensive hybridization, inbreeding, etc. Although it can improve crop traits, it has limitations such as low efficiency and high cost. The introduction of modern breeding techniques such as mutagenesis and genome editing can effectively improve breeding efficiency and accuracy; the progress of genome sequencing and functional genomics has provided the possibility for a profound understanding of vegetable genomes and promoted precise improvement of traits; molecular marker technology and transgenic technology have also provided new means to improve vegetable yield, quality, and stress tolerance. By using these technologies for vegetable crop breeding, the adaptability and economic value of crops can be enhanced, ensuring food safety and nutritional requirements. In the future, we will continue to explore the potential of genome assisted breeding and apply technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence to vegetable breeding, providing references for the development of high-yield, disease resistant, and stress tolerant vegetable varieties.
Key words: vegetable crop; breeding; gene editing; trait improvement
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