安徽农学通报 >
2025 , Vol. 31 >Issue 5: 89 - 92
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.05.019
小麦病害早期诊断与综合防控技术
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李艳莉(1976—),女,安徽淮南人,农艺师,从事农业技术推广工作。 |
Copy editor: 李媛
收稿日期: 2024-10-24
网络出版日期: 2025-03-13
Early diagnosis and comprehensive prevention and control techniques of wheat disease
Received date: 2024-10-24
Online published: 2025-03-13
本文探讨了小麦病害的早期诊断技术及其综合防控技术,并提出提升小麦病害防控效果的策略。其早期诊断技术包括依靠病害症状图谱、深度学习算法和遥感技术的常规病害症状识别技术,以及聚合酶链式反应及基因芯片等分子生物学技术。综合防控技术包括建立并应用基于气象数据的病害预测模型等病害预测与预警系统;应用合理的轮作制度、优化播种时间与密度等农业操作技术。提升小麦病害防控效果的策略包括研发与推广纳米技术、生物传感器等新型诊断技术,集成与应用农业防治、物理防治和化学防治等综合防控技术,以促进诊断与防控技术创新;通过现场示范、远程教学和组织经验交流会,以及建设示范基地等措施,加强农民教育与技术培训。相关技术应用为提升小麦病害防控科学性和时效性提供参考。
李艳莉 . 小麦病害早期诊断与综合防控技术[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2025 , 31(5) : 89 -92 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.05.019
Early diagnosis and comprehensive prevention and control techniques were explored for wheat disease, and strategies to improve the effectiveness of wheat disease prevention and control were proposed. Early diagnosis techniques include disease symptom recognition techniques that rely on disease symptom maps, deep learning algorithms, and remote sensing technology, and molecular biology techniques such as polymerase chain reaction and gene chips. Comprehensive prevention and control techniques include establishing and applying disease prediction models based on meteorological data, as well as disease prediction and warning systems; applying reasonable crop rotation systems, optimizing sowing time and density, and other agricultural operation techniques. The strategies to improve the effectiveness of wheat disease prevention and control include the research and promotion of new diagnostic technologies such as nanotechnology and biosensors, as well as the integration and application of comprehensive prevention and control technologies such as agricultural control, physical control, and chemical control, to promote the innovation of diagnosis and control technologies; the measures such as conducting on-site demonstrations, remote teaching, and organizing experience exchange meetings, and establishing demonstration bases to strengthen farmer education and technical training. The application of relevant techniques provides a reference for improving the scientific and timely prevention and control of wheat disease.
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