安徽农学通报 >
2025 , Vol. 31 >Issue 10: 14 - 17
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.10.004
黄淮海地区大豆单产提升关键技术措施和推广路径
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吴保新(1977—),男,山东嘉祥人,农艺师,从事农业技术推广工作。 |
Copy editor: 李媛
收稿日期: 2025-03-21
网络出版日期: 2025-06-03
Key technical measures and promotion paths for increasing soybean yield in the Huang-Huai-Hai region
Received date: 2025-03-21
Online published: 2025-06-03
本文结合黄淮海大豆生产实践,总结分析了其单产提升关键技术、推广策略以及应用成效。大豆单产提升关键技术包括因地制宜精选高产优质品种;采用杀虫剂、杀菌剂进行大豆种子包衣处理,接种根瘤菌等,以预防多种病害;精细整地,提高土壤肥力和透气性,适时适墒播种;根据大豆株型和分枝特性选择适宜的种植密度;采用滴灌等水肥一体化技术,实现灌溉和施肥精准化;农业防治、物理防治和化学防治相结合,综合防治大豆蚜虫、菌核病等病虫害;播后出苗前土壤封闭除草,生长期“一喷多促”。技术推广策略包括建设高标准农田示范区,示范应用水肥一体化、绿色综合防控等技术;通过组织技术培训、现场观摩,发放技术资料,开展技术咨询服务等,提高种植户科技素养和种植水平;设立大豆种植专项基金,出台优惠政策,以保障相关产业健康发展。山东嘉祥和汶上地区示范应用水肥一体化滴灌技术、绿色综合防控模式等大豆单产提升关键技术,有效提升了大豆产量,同时减少了病虫害发生。本文为黄淮海及相关地区大豆单产提升提供参考。
吴保新 , 韩乐勇 , 刘训利 , 杜玉赫 , 韩腾腾 , 陈宪信 . 黄淮海地区大豆单产提升关键技术措施和推广路径[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2025 , 31(10) : 14 -17 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.10.004
Based on the soybean production practices in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, the key technologies for yield improvement, promotion strategies, and the application effectiveness were summarized and analyzed. The key technologies for increasing soybean yield include: selecting high yield and high quality varieties based on local conditions; using insecticides and fungicides for soybean seed coating treatment and inoculating rhizobia to prevent various soybean diseases; fine soil preparation to improve soil fertility and aeration, coupled with timely sowing under suitable moisture conditions; setting appropriate planting density according to plant type and branching characteristics; adopting integrated water and fertilizer technologies such as drip irrigation to achieve precision irrigation and fertilization; combining agricultural, physical, and chemical control methods for comprehensive management of diseases and pests such as soybean aphids and sclerotinia; pre-emergence soil sealing for weed control and foliar spraying for growth promotion during the growing season. Technology promotion strategies include: establishing high standard farmland demonstration zones to showcase technologies such as integrated water fertilizer integration and green comprehensive prevention and control; organizing technical training, on-site demonstrations, distributing technical materials, and setting up technical consultation services to enhance farmers’ scientific knowledge and cultivation skills; establishing special funds for soybean cultivation and introducing preferential policies to ensure the healthy development of related industries. In the demonstration areas of Jiaxiang and Wenshang in Shandong Province, the application of drip irrigation technology for integrated water fertilizer integration, green comprehensive prevention and control, and other key soybean yield improvement technologies effectively increased soybean yield while reducing the incidence of pests and diseases. This study provides a reference for soybean yield improvement in the Huang-Huai-Hai and related region.
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