安徽农学通报 >
2025 , Vol. 31 >Issue 10: 93 - 97
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.10.022
大枣与酸枣仁的本草考证及化学成分鉴定
|
郭英楠(2003—),女,辽宁本溪人,从事分子生药学研究。 |
Copy editor: 吴思文
收稿日期: 2024-09-27
网络出版日期: 2025-06-03
基金资助
辽宁中医药大学创新创业项目(33101A3131)
Herbal examination and identification of chemical constituents of the jujube and Ziziphi Spinosae Semen
Received date: 2024-09-27
Online published: 2025-06-03
为比较大枣与酸枣仁的历史沿革、药用功效及化学成分,本文分析了两种药材的道地沿革、功效考证和活性成分等,采用薄层色谱(TLC)法鉴定两者果肉与种仁中的关键成分,利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定酸枣仁中酸枣仁皂苷B和斯皮诺素的含量。本草考证表明,大枣以山东、山西为道地产区,酸枣仁主产于华北平原等北方地区,二者均含黄酮、三萜等活性成分,但酸枣仁炒制后催眠成分(如斯皮诺素、皂苷B)含量更高。TLC和HPLC显示,大枣与酸枣果肉均含齐墩果酸和白桦脂酸,而酸枣仁仅含白桦脂酸,大枣仁中未检出二者。HPLC测定酸枣仁中酸枣仁皂苷B含量为0.021 7 mg/g,斯皮诺素为0.072 6 mg/g,可能与品种或采收期有关。以上结果表明大枣与酸枣果肉成分相似,但种仁差异较大,二者入药部位不可替代。酸枣仁需炒制以增效,其果肉可开发为食品(如果醋、糕点)以提高利用率。
郭英楠 , 于莹 , 高铭泽 , 薛嘉宁 , 赵容 . 大枣与酸枣仁的本草考证及化学成分鉴定[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2025 , 31(10) : 93 -97 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.10.022
To compare the historical evolution, medicinal effects and chemical components of jujube and Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, the authentic evolution, efficacy verification and active components of two medicinal materials were analyzed. The key components in the pulp and seeds of the two were identified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and the contents of saponin B and spinosin in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Herbal research showed that jujube was mainly produced in Shandong and Shanxi provinces, while Ziziphi Spinosae Semen was mainly produced in the North China Plain and other northern regions. Both contain active components such as flavonoids and triterpenoids, but the content of hypnotic components (such as spinosin and saponin B) in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen was higher after stir-frying. TLC and HPLC showed that both the pulp of jujube and Ziziphi Spinosae Semen contained oleanolic acid and betulinic acid, while the seed of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen only contained betulinic acid, and neither of the two was detected in the seed of jujube. The content of saponin B in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen was determined by HPLC to be 0.021 7 mg/g, and that of spinosin was 0.072 6 mg/g, which might be related to the variety or harvest period. The above results indicated that the flesh components of jujube and Ziziphi Spinosae Semen were similar, but the kernels were significantly different. The medicinal parts of the two cannot be replaced. Ziziphi Spinosae Semen need to be stir-fried to increase efficiency, and their pulp can be developed into food (such as vinegar, pastries) to improve utilization.
| 1 |
国家药典委员会. 中华人民共和国药典 一部:2020年版[M]. 北京:中国医药科技出版社,2020.
|
| 2 |
郭盛,唐于平,段金廒. 大枣的化学成分及药理作用研究进展[C]//全国第8届天然药物资源学术研讨会论文集. 凯里,2008:567-574.
|
| 3 |
万晓莉. 齐墩果酸药理作用的研究进展[J]. 黔南民族医专学报,2023,36(1):73-75.
|
| 4 |
魏翔,翁希里,董建山,等. 白桦脂酸的药理活性及分析检测研究进展[J]. 精细化工中间体,2024,54(2):6-10.
|
| 5 |
李旭,和建政,陈彻,等. 酸枣仁镇静催眠活性成分及药理作用研究进展[J]. 中华中医药学刊,2022,40(2):23-31.
|
| 6 |
董晓娜,李梦婷,谷慧阳,等. 酸枣仁皂苷B的药理作用研究进展[J]. 中国中药杂志,2023,48(16):4295-4301.
|
| 7 |
祝凌丽. 斯皮诺素对中枢神经系统药理作用的研究进展[J]. 包头医学院学报,2018,34(6):120-122.
|
| 8 |
刘巧红,朱国栋,李会涛. 酸枣在功能食品中的应用研究进展[J]. 现代食品,2024,30(19):43-49.
|
| 9 |
张琛武,成洁,甄会贤,等. 正交试验优化酸枣仁中5种活性成分的超声离心提取工艺[J]. 海峡药学,2023,35(5):35-40.
|
| 10 |
钱锦秀,孟武威,刘晖晖,等. 经典名方中大枣的本草考证[J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志,2022,28(10):296-305.
|
| 11 |
高新一. 枣树高产栽培新技术[M]. 北京:金盾出版社,1998.
|
| 12 |
刘会玲. 辽西朝阳大枣发展中存在的问题及对策[J]. 现代农业科技,2019(19):86,88.
|
| 13 |
牛爱婷,李胜,李超,等. 酸枣仁本草考证[J]. 辽宁中医药大学学报,2023,25(8):102-107.
|
| 14 |
刘青柏,刘明国,纪连军,等. 辽宁朝阳酸枣种质优特类型[J]. 中国果树,2015(6):27-29.
|
| 15 |
刘孟军,王永蕙. 酸枣的优良品种和类型[J]. 中国果树,1991(4):23-25.
|
| 16 |
吴立明. 酸枣仁本草及功用考证[J]. 中药材,2005,28(5):432-434.
|
| 17 |
张采,李佳,张永清. 大枣化学成分研究概况[J]. 中国现代中药,2011,13(11):49-51.
|
| 18 |
徐瑜玲,苗明三,孙艳红,等. 大枣多糖对气血双虚模型小鼠造血功能的影响[J]. 中国临床康复,2004,8(24):5050-5051.
|
| 19 |
郝婕,王艳辉,董金皋. 金丝小枣多酚提取物的生理功效研究[J]. 中国食品学报,2008,8(5):22-27.
|
| 20 |
杨冲,李宪松,刘孟军. 酸枣的营养成分及开发利用研究进展[J]. 北方园艺,2017(5):184-188.
|
| 21 |
郭永奇,杨帆. 生、熟酸枣仁治疗失眠的临床及药理学观察[J]. 陕西中医,2008,29(11):1538-1539.
|
| 22 |
娄松年,冯宝麟,夏丽英. 生、炒酸枣仁水煎剂镇静、安眠作用的比较[J]. 中成药研究,1987,9(2):18-19.
|
| 23 |
李铮,任爽,常增荣,等. 中药酸枣仁饮片中3种成分的含量比较研究[J]. 中国新药杂志,2017,26(1):91-96.
|
| 24 |
范兰兰. 基于“生熟异治” 质量标志物的生、炒酸枣仁质量控制研究[D]. 合肥:安徽中医药大学,2021.
|
| 25 |
叶亮,郭盛,段金廒,等. 大枣在方剂中的配伍规律及应用特点[J]. 新中医,2009,41(3):96-98.
|
| 26 |
张明明,王媛,姜昊轩,等. 酸枣仁治疗失眠常用中药药对的配伍规律研究[J]. 中国处方药,2022,20(3):136-137.
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |