安徽农学通报 >
2025 , Vol. 31 >Issue 11: 100 - 104
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.11.022
文化遗产视角下故宫古树支撑和加固保护技术
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贾慧果(1975—),女,山西稷山人,正高级工程师,从事古树名木保护和皇家园林景观研究。 |
Copy editor: 吴思文
收稿日期: 2024-09-29
网络出版日期: 2025-06-16
Support and reinforcement protection techniques for ancient trees in the Forbidden City from the perspective of cultural heritage
基于故宫古树支撑和加固保护工作实践,本文分析了古树名木支撑和加固的原因,并结合实例总结了古树支撑、拉纤及铁箍加固的类型、技术要点。古树树体空腐及劈裂、倾斜及偏冠、树体荷载量增加、根系分布浅等是进行支撑和加固的原因。明清宫廷古树保护的技术措施包括双根“π”型杉篙支撑、多根“T”型杉篙支撑。古树支撑加固包括硬支撑、拉纤加固和铁箍加固3种,其中硬支撑可分为单柱“T”型、双柱“π”型及多柱棚架式支撑;适时选择弹性撑头以促进古树的自适应生长;拉纤加固形式可根据冠内需保护枝杈的形态特征选择单引式、三角式、辐射式及围箱式,并依据枝杈的粗度选择钢丝绳、钢筋或钢管等材料;树干劈裂可采用铁箍加固。本文为文化遗产地的古树保护提供参考。
贾慧果 . 文化遗产视角下故宫古树支撑和加固保护技术[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2025 , 31(11) : 100 -104 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.11.022
Based on the practice of supporting and reinforcing the protection of ancient trees in the Forbidden City, the reasons for supporting and reinforcing ancient and famous trees were analyzed, and the types and technical key points of supporting ancient trees, pulling fibers and reinforcing with iron hoop in combination with examples were summarized. The reasons for support and reinforcement were hollow rot and splitting of the ancient tree body, tilting and crown deviation, increased load of the tree body, and shallow root distribution. The technical measures for the protection of ancient trees in the imperial courts of the Ming and Qing Dynasties included support with double “π”-shaped fir poles and multiple “T”-shaped fir poles. The support and reinforcement of ancient trees included 3 types: hard support, fiber drawing reinforcement and iron hoop reinforcement. Among them, hard support could be further classified into single-column“T” type, double-column “π” type and multi-column persimmon type support. Choose elastic support heads in a timely manner to promote the adaptive growth of ancient trees; the forms of cable bracing reinforcement could be selected as single lead type, triangular type, radial type and box type according to the morphological characteristics of the branches to be protected in the crown, and materials such as steel wire rope, steel bar or steel pipe could be chosen according to the thickness of the branches. Split tree trunks could be reinforced with iron hoops. This article provides a reference for the protection of ancient trees in cultural heritage sites.
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