安徽农学通报 >
2025 , Vol. 31 >Issue 12: 102 - 106
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.12.024
白薇常见病虫害种类及其防治措施
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尹 杰(1983—),男,辽宁营口人,高级工程师,从事林木遗传育种及林下经济研究。 |
Copy editor: 杨欢
收稿日期: 2024-12-17
网络出版日期: 2025-07-02
Common species of diseases and pests in Cynanchum atratum Bge. and their prevention and control measures
Received date: 2024-12-17
Online published: 2025-07-02
为有效防治白薇病虫害,提高该作物产量与品质,本文对该植物常见病虫害种类及特征等进行分析,并阐述了其综合防治措施。实践中,该植物常见病害有根腐病、叶斑病,其中根腐病在整个生长季节均可发生,主要受害部位为根系,病原菌为多种镰刀真菌(Fusarium spp.),土壤湿度、土壤肥力、环境温度、种植密度和作物连作等是影响其发生的主要因素;叶斑病易使植株生长受阻,光合作用减弱,病原菌为链格孢霉菌(Alternaria spp.),季节变化、种植密度、土壤肥力和品种抗性等是影响其发生的主要因素。常见虫害有蚜虫、蛴螬,其中蚜虫影响植株的正常形态和生长发育,降低结实率和种子质量,其发生呈明显的季节性变化,夏季高温来临前和秋季气温逐渐降低时是其发生的高峰期,温度、湿度、光照是影响其发生的主要因素;蛴螬以植株根系为食,影响白薇对水分和养分的吸收及运输,该虫害在大部分地区于1~2年完成一代繁衍,土壤性质、气候条件是影响其发生的主要因素。防治措施方面,采用人工捕杀、器具诱捕等物理防治方法,可有效控制病虫害蔓延;选择并施用适宜的杀菌剂、杀虫剂等化学防治手段,如灌根处理根腐病、喷雾防治蚜虫,可降低其不利影响;利用有益微生物、引入天敌昆虫进行生物防治,可增强植株抗病能力;采用合理轮作与间作、加强田间管理等农业防治方法,可降低病虫害发生风险。本文为提升白薇病虫害防治水平和促进该产业可持续发展提供参考。
尹杰 . 白薇常见病虫害种类及其防治措施[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2025 , 31(12) : 102 -106 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.12.024
To effectively prevent and control the diseases and pests in Cynanchum atratum Bge., and improve crop yield and quality, the common species and characteristics of diseases and pests in this plant were analyzed, and its comprehensive prevention and control measures were elaborated. In practice, common diseases of this plant included root rot and leaf spot disease. Root rot disease could occur throughout the entire growing season, and the root system was its main affected area. The pathogenic bacteria were various Fusarium spp. Soil moisture, soil fertility, environmental temperature, planting density, and crop continuous cropping were the main influencing factors for its occurrence; leaf spot disease could easily hinder plant growth, weaken photosynthesis, and was caused by Alternaria spp. Seasonal changes, planting density, soil fertility, and variety resistance were the main influencing factors for its occurrence. Common insect pests included aphids and grubs, among which aphids affected the normal morphology and growth of plants, reduced seed setting rate and quality, and exhibit obvious seasonal changes. They form peaked period before the arrival of high temperatures in summer and when temperatures gradually decrease in autumn, with temperature, humidity, and light being the main influencing factors; grubs feed on the root system of the plant, affecting the absorption and transportation of water and nutrients by the Cynanchum atratum Bge. This pest completed one generation reproduction in most areas within 1-2 years, and soil properties and climatic conditions were the main influencing factors for its occurrence. In terms of prevention and control measures, physical methods such as manual hunting and trapping with tools could effectively control the spread of diseases and pests; selection and application of appropriate fungicides, pesticides and other chemical control means, such as root rot treatment by irrigation and aphid control by spray, could reduce its adverse effects; used beneficial microorganisms and introduced natural enemies insects for biological control could enhance plant disease resistance; adopted reasonable crop rotation and intercropping, strengthening field management and other agricultural control methods could reduce the risk of disease and pest occurrence. This article provides references for improving the level of disease and pest control in Cynanchum atratum Bge. and promoting the sustainable development of the industry.
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