安徽农学通报 >
2025 , Vol. 31 >Issue 12: 59 - 62
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.12.015
红富士苹果树主要病虫害综合防控技术
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朱红梅(1972—),女,安徽宿州人,农艺师,从事农业管理与农村发展、园艺研究。 |
Copy editor: 吴思文
收稿日期: 2024-12-12
网络出版日期: 2025-07-02
Integrated control techniques for major diseases and pests for Red Fuji apple trees
Received date: 2024-12-12
Online published: 2025-07-02
本文基于苹果栽培实践,总结分析了红富士苹果树主要病虫害的发生规律、为害部位及为害症状,提出了农业防治、物理防治、生物防治、化学防治等综合防控技术。苹果主要病害有苹果树腐烂病、苹果轮纹病等,其主要为害枝干、果实、叶片等部位;苹果主要害虫有桃小食心虫、苹小食心虫、蚜虫等,多以幼虫蛀入果实。农业防治方面,选择交通便利、地面平坦、排灌方便、土壤肥沃、保水保肥性能良好、微酸性或中性壤土的田块建设果园,选择适宜本地的气候、土壤条件,丰产优质的品种,增施有机肥料、追施富含多种营养元素的复合肥料,科学进行田间管理;物理防治方面,秋季对果树主干和中心干进行培土、树干涂白,利用枝条或萌蘖作为桥梁接在病疤的上、下部,以延长果树寿命,宜在冬春深翻树盘、铲除杂草,以破坏幼虫生存条件,在苹果园中设置诱虫板、杀虫灯等;生物防治方面,人工释放捕食螨、异色瓢虫、食芽蝇等天敌防治害虫;化学防治方面,优先选用低毒农药、环境友好型农药制剂,采用刮治法清除病斑后,涂抹强渗透性或内吸性药剂。本文为苹果树丰产、果实品质提升提供参考。
朱红梅 . 红富士苹果树主要病虫害综合防控技术[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2025 , 31(12) : 59 -62 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.12.015
Based on the practice of apple cultivation, the occurrence patterns, damaged parts and symptoms of the main diseases and pests of Red Fuji apple trees were summarized and analyzed, and comprehensive disease and pest control techniques such as agricultural control, physical control, biological control and chemical control were proposed. The main diseases of apples included apple tree rot and apple ring rot, which mainly affect branches, fruits, leaves and other parts. The main pests of apples included Carposina niponensis, Grapholita inopinata, aphids, etc., which mostly bore into the fruits in the form of young insects. In terms of agricultural control, choose fields with convenient transportation, flat ground, easy irrigation and drainage, fertile soil, and good water and fertilizer retention performance, such as slightly acidic or neutral loam, to build orchards. Select varieties that are suitable for local climate and soil conditions, high yield and high quality. Increase the application of organic fertilizers and top apply compound fertilizers rich in various nutrients. Conduct scientific field management. In terms of physical control, in autumn, the main and central trunks of fruit trees should be covered with soil and whitewashed. Branches or sprouts should be used as bridges to connect to the upper and lower parts of the diseased scars to extend the lifespan of the fruit trees. It is advisable to deeply plow the tree pits and remove weeds in winter and spring to destroy the survival conditions of the larvae, setting up sticky boards, insecticidal lamps, etc. in the apple orchard; in terms of biological control, artificially release natural enemies such as predatory mites, ladybugs and spore-eating flies to control pests; in terms of chemical control, give priority to using low-toxicity pesticides and environmentally friendly pesticide formulations. After removing the lesions by scraping, apply highly penetrating or systemic agents. This article provides a reference for the high yield and fruit quality improvement of apple trees.
Key words: Red Fuji apple; diseases and pests; agricultural control; pest trapping
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