安徽农学通报 >
2025 , Vol. 31 >Issue 12: 7 - 11
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.12.002
草莓灰霉病的发生与防治技术研究进展
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焦晓露(2000—),女,河北邯郸人,硕士研究生,从事植物病害防治研究。 |
Copy editor: 何艳
收稿日期: 2025-03-10
网络出版日期: 2025-07-02
基金资助
黑龙江省科学基金资助项目(QC2014C024)
Research progress on the occurrence and control techniques of strawberry gray mold
Received date: 2025-03-10
Online published: 2025-07-02
灰霉病是草莓生产上发生较普遍的一种病害,可降低该作物的产量和品质,造成一定经济损失。本文阐述了草莓灰霉病的病原菌及病害症状、病害侵染循环、影响该病害发生的主要因素以及综合防治措施。引起该病害的病原菌种类较多,主要包括灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)、卡罗莱纳葡萄孢(B. caroliniana)、中华葡萄生葡萄孢(B. sinoviticola)等,其主要为害果实,初期表现为水渍状斑点,后期扩展为灰褐色软腐病斑并覆盖霉层;花器、叶片和叶柄感染后出现褐变、腐烂及霉层。该病害病原菌主要以分生孢子、菌丝体或菌核形式在病残体和土壤中越冬,借助气流、水汽及农事操作传播,经伤口或自然孔口侵染植株,潮湿环境下反复再侵染。影响该病害发生的主要因素包括品种抗性、果实成熟度及是否受损、植株各器官的带菌量、环境条件(温度、湿度、空气中的孢子量)以及栽培及管理措施(密植、通风不良、过量施氮肥及连作)。生产上建议选用抗病品种、采用高垄覆膜栽培等农业防治措施,高温闷棚等生态防治措施,应用拮抗菌(如枯草芽孢杆菌、砖红镰刀菌Pa2)及植物源药剂(丁香酚、香芹酚)等生物防治措施,以及交替施用腐霉利、啶酰菌胺等低毒高效杀菌剂进行综合防治,以有效控制草莓灰霉病的发生。未来需在抗药性监测系统、环保型杀菌剂开发及病害监测预警系统等方面开展系统研究,为该病害的防治和深入研究提供参考。
焦晓露 , 李云鹏 . 草莓灰霉病的发生与防治技术研究进展[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2025 , 31(12) : 7 -11 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.12.002
Gray mold is a common disease in strawberry production, which can reduce the yield and quality of strawberry and cause certain economic losses. The pathogen and symptoms of strawberry gray mold, the infection cycle of the disease, the main factors influencing its occurrence, and comprehensive control measures were elaborated. There are many types of pathogens causing strawberry gray mold, mainly including Botrytis cinerea, B. caroliniana, and B. sinoviticola, etc. The main damage is to the fruit, initially showing water-soaked spots, and later expanding into gray-brown soft rot spots covered with mold; infected flower organs, leaves, and petioles show browning, rotting, and mold. The pathogen mainly overwinters in the form of conidia, mycelium, or sclerotia in diseased residues and soil, and spreads through air currents, water vapor, or agricultural operations, infecting plants through wounds or natural openings, and repeatedly reinfecting in a humid environment. The main factors influencing the occurrence of this disease include variety resistance, fruit maturity and whether it is damaged, the amount of bacteria carried by various plant organs, environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, the amount of spores in the air), and cultivation and management measures (close planting, poor ventilation, excessive nitrogen fertilizer application, and continuous cropping). In production, it is recommended to adopt comprehensive control measures including agricultural control measures such as selecting disease-resistant varieties and high ridge mulching cultivation, ecological control measures such as high-temperature fumigation, biological control measures such as applying antagonistic bacteria (such as Bacillus subtilis and Fusarium lateritium Pa2) and plant-derived agents (eugenol, carvacrol), and chemical control measures such as alternating use of low-toxic and highly effective fungicides such as procymidone and boscalid to effectively control the occurrence of strawberry gray mold. In the future, systematic research needs to be conducted in areas such as resistance monitoring systems, development of environmentally friendly fungicides, and disease monitoring and early warning systems to provide references for the control and in-depth study of this disease.
Key words: strawberry; gray mold; influence factor; integrated control
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