安徽农学通报 >
2025 , Vol. 31 >Issue 18: 107 - 110
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.18.026
基于通渭县生态条件的黄芩高效栽培技术及优化建议分析
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常盼盼(1989—),女,甘肃通渭人,硕士,农艺师,从事中药材、马铃薯等经济作物栽培技术研究与推广等工作。 |
Copy editor: 胡立萍
收稿日期: 2024-11-25
网络出版日期: 2025-09-28
基金资助
甘肃省科技计划项目“陇中道地中药材黄芩种子种苗繁育技术综合研发与创新应用”(23YFNJ0002)
Analysis of high efficiency cultivation techniques and optimization suggestions for Scutellaria baicalensis based on ecological conditions in Tongwei County
Received date: 2024-11-25
Online published: 2025-09-28
本研究结合甘肃通渭的气候和土壤等生态条件,总结了该地区黄芩的高效栽培技术,并提出优化建议。研究区温度、降水量适宜,光照充足,适宜黄芩生长,同时,昼夜温差大(日均温差10~15 ℃),利于黄芩次生代谢物合成;土质以弱碱性沙壤土为主,土壤通透性良好,符合黄芩生长需求。高效栽培技术包括选择背风向阳、土层深厚的缓坡地,秋季深耕并施足底肥(腐熟有机肥2 500~3 000 kg/667 m2、过磷酸钙50 kg/667 m2)以改良土壤;播种前对‘陇芩1号’等良种进行浸种催芽,在4月中旬进行播种;田间管理推行“蹲苗促根”、精准滴灌、按需追肥;杂草防控结合中耕、秸秆覆盖及生态套种;病虫害防治以农业、生态及物理等调控方法为主;种植2~3年后于秋季晴天采挖,经洗净、晾晒、撞皮、切片、低温干燥后真空包装贮藏。基于此,通过合理规划生产基地,选择排水良好地块;探索优化播种期、水窖滴灌、林药间作及轮作等种植模式;加强田间排水与中耕,防止涝害等措施进一步对黄芩高效栽培技术进行优化。本文为相关地区黄芩产业提质增效和生态友好发展提供参考。
常盼盼 , 张爱琴 , 李旭华 . 基于通渭县生态条件的黄芩高效栽培技术及优化建议分析[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2025 , 31(18) : 107 -110 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.18.026
The efficient cultivation techniques for Scutellaria baicalensis were summarized in Tongwei, Gansu Province, based on its climatic and soil conditions, and optimization suggestions were proposed. The research area exhibits suitable temperature, adequate precipitation, and sufficient sunlight for the growth of Scutellaria baicalensis. Additionally, the significant diurnal temperature range (average daily range of 10–15°C) facilitates the synthesis of secondary metabolites. The soil is primarily weakly alkaline sandy loam with good permeability, meeting the growth requirements of the plant. Efficient cultivation techniques include selecting gently sloping land sheltered from wind with ample sunlight and deep soil layers. Autumn deep plowing and sufficient base fertilizer application (2 500–3 000 kg/667 m2 of decomposed organic fertilizer and 50 kg/667 m2 of calcium superphosphate) are employed to improve soil quality. Before sowing, high-quality seeds such as ‘Longqin No.1’ are soaked and germinated, with sowing conducted in mid-April. Field management practices include “seedling hardening to promote root growth” precise drip irrigation, and demand-based topdressing. Weed control combines intertillage, straw mulching, and ecological intercropping. Disease and pest management prioritizes agricultural, ecological, and physical methods. After 2–3 years of growth, the plants are harvested on sunny autumn days, followed by washing, sun-drying, bark removal, slicing, low-temperature drying, and vacuum packaging for storage. Based on these practices, further optimization of efficient cultivation techniques can be achieved through rational planning of production bases, selecting well-drained plots, exploring optimized sowing periods, water cellar drip irrigation, forest-medicinal intercropping, and crop rotation models. Enhancing field drainage and intertillage can prevent waterlogging. This study provides valuable insights for improving the quality and efficiency of the Scutellaria baicalensis industry and promoting eco-friendly development in related regions.
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