安徽农学通报 >
2025 , Vol. 31 >Issue 18: 28 - 30
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.18.007
黄泛平原区冬小麦旺长田综合管理措施
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孟雪丽(1976—),女,山东嘉祥人,农艺师,从事农业技术推广工作。 |
Copy editor: 李媛
收稿日期: 2025-01-09
网络出版日期: 2025-09-28
Comprehensive management measures for winter wheat excessive growth fields in the Yellow River Flood Plain area
Received date: 2025-01-09
Online published: 2025-09-28
冬小麦播种后气温适宜、肥料充足,会使麦苗长势旺盛,影响其抗倒伏能力及后期籽粒灌浆。本文基于黄泛平原冬小麦生产实践,总结了影响麦田控旺效果的主要因素,分析了其田间综合管理措施。影响麦田控旺效果的因素包括未进行镇压和深耘、化学调控时机不准、氮肥施用过量或施肥时期不当、病虫草害防治不到位等。其田间综合管理措施包括机械镇压,于3叶期后选择晴好天气进行,根据旺长程度镇压1~4次,注意过湿、板结和盐碱地块不宜镇压;深耘断根,在分蘖末期进行10~15 cm深耘,并及时耧平追肥;化学调控,在返青期喷施多效唑等药剂,注意控制施药浓度;肥水管理,减少氮肥、增施磷、钾肥,推行氮肥后移技术;春季根据墒情小水勤灌,灌后及时中耕;病虫害防治,采用轮换用药策略重点防治茎基腐病等病害和麦蜘蛛等虫害;杂草防治坚持“春草秋治”,根据草相选用适宜药剂。本文为控制麦苗旺长,促进其健康生长提供参考。
孟雪丽 , 陈宪信 , 孙玉强 , 王壮 . 黄泛平原区冬小麦旺长田综合管理措施[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2025 , 31(18) : 28 -30 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.18.007
After sowing winter wheat, suitable temperatures and sufficient fertilizer can lead to overly vigorous seedling growth, which may negatively affect its lodging resistance and later grain filling ability. Based on practical winter wheat production in the Yellow River Flood Plain, the main factors affecting the control of excessive wheat growth were summarized, and integrated field management measures were analyzed. The factors influencing the control effect included the absence of soil compaction and deep hoeing, improper timing of chemical regulation, excessive nitrogen application or inappropriate fertilization timing, and inadequate pest, disease, and weed control. The integrated field management measures included mechanical compaction, which was carried out on sunny days after the three-leaf stage, with 1 to 4 rounds of compaction depending on the severity of overgrowth. It was noted that compaction should not be applied in waterlogged, compacted, or saline-alkali fields. Deep hoeing to break roots was performed at the end of the tillering stage at a depth of 10-15 cm, followed by leveling and topdressing. Chemical regulation involved the application of agents such as paclobutrazol during the green revival period, with attention paid to concentration of pesticide application. Fertilizer and water management included reducing nitrogen fertilizer, increasing phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application, and adopting delayed nitrogen fertilization techniques. In spring, light and frequent irrigation was applied based on soil moisture conditions, followed by timely intertillage. For disease and pest control, the rotational application strategy was adopted to prioritize the control of diseases such as crown rot and pests including wheat mites. Weed control adhered to the principle of “managing spring weeds in autumn” and appropriate agents were selected based on the weed species. This study provides a reference for controlling excessive growth of wheat seedling growth and promoting healthy crop development.
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