安徽农学通报 >
2025 , Vol. 31 >Issue 18: 34 - 37
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.18.009
马铃薯茎尖脱毒组织培养技术
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李亚军(1983—),男,陕西子长人,硕士,高级农艺师,从事马铃薯脱毒种薯繁育、新品种筛选等工作。 |
Copy editor: 李媛
收稿日期: 2025-02-05
网络出版日期: 2025-09-28
Potato stem tip virus-free tissue culture technique
Received date: 2025-02-05
Online published: 2025-09-28
马铃薯茎尖脱毒组织培养技术能恢复品种特性,提高作物产量和品质,是种薯生产的关键生物技术之一。本文系统阐述了马铃薯茎尖脱毒组织培养技术全流程,并总结了其常见问题及应对策略。该技术流程为外植体预处理、茎尖剥离、初代试管苗培养、病毒检测、试管苗增殖培养等。初代试管苗培养包括对外植体进行消毒及预处理,在特定培养基中诱导茎尖分生组织分化成苗;获得的初代苗经血清学、分子生物学等方法进行病毒检测,确认无毒后,转入增殖和壮苗培养基中进行扩繁。组织培养过程中主要存在污染、玻璃化和褐化3类问题。污染由细菌、真菌或内生菌引起,需严格无菌操作、环境消毒,并在培养基中添加抗生素或抑菌剂预防;玻璃化苗呈半透明、质地脆弱,多由培养环境不适或继代次数过多导致,可通过调控光温、激素浓度及增加暗培养时间来改善;褐化是外植体伤口分泌褐色物质致死的现象,常通过添加硫代硫酸钠等防褐剂来抑制。本文为脱毒种薯生产提供参考。
李亚军 , 石广成 , 李丽 , 李博 , 高盼盼 , 樊粉粉 , 张雪婷 , 胡娜娜 . 马铃薯茎尖脱毒组织培养技术[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2025 , 31(18) : 34 -37 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.18.009
The virus-free tissue culture technology using potato stem tips is able to restore variety characteristics and improve potato yield and quality, making it one of the key biotechnologies in seed potato production. The entire process of virus-free tissue culture technology using potato stem tips was systematically elaborated, and its common problems along with control strategies were summarized. The technical procedure involved pretreatment of explants, shoot tip dissection, primary culture of plantlets, virus detection, and in vitro propagation of plantlets. During the primary culture stage, the explants were sterilized and pretreated, and then cultured in a specific medium to induce the differentiation of apical meristems into plantlets. The obtained primary plantlets were subjected to virus detection using serological and molecular biological methods. After confirming the absence of viruses, the plantlets were transferred to propagation and strengthening media for multiplication. 3 major issues encountered during the tissue culture process were contamination, vitrification, and browning. Contamination, caused by bacteria, fungi, or endophytes, was prevented through strict aseptic techniques, environmental sterilization, and the addition of antibiotics or bacteriostatic agents to the culture medium. Vitrified plantlets, characterized by a translucent and fragile appearance, were primarily induced by unsuitable culture conditions or excessive subculturing, and could be mitigated by adjusting light and temperature conditions, regulating hormone concentrations, and incorporating dark culture periods. Browning, a phenomenon where wounded explants secreted brown substances leading to death, was commonly suppressed by adding anti-browning agents such as sodium thiosulfate. This article provides a reference for the production of virus-free seed potatoes
Key words: potato; virus-free tissue culture; virus detection; biotechnology
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