安徽农学通报 >
2025 , Vol. 31 >Issue 18: 58 - 61
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.18.015
大别山丘陵地区薄壳山核桃丰产栽培技术
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杨小凤(1979—),女,安徽宿松人,工程师,从事林业技术推广和森林资源管理保护工作。 |
Copy editor: 吴思文
收稿日期: 2025-03-07
网络出版日期: 2025-09-28
High yield cultivation techniques of Carya illinoinensis in the hilly areas of the Dabie Mountains
Received date: 2025-03-07
Online published: 2025-09-28
基于大别山丘陵地区薄壳山核桃栽培生产实践,本文分析其种植现状,总结了丰产栽培技术,包括造林地整理、品种选择、营林整地、栽植后管理、整形修剪、病虫害防治等方面。研究区大力推广油茶、薄壳山核桃等经济作物的种植,薄壳山核桃产业得到了较快发展。然而,在实际生产中暂存在栽培技术不规范、管理粗放等问题。该树种适宜种植在坡度平缓、光照充足、土层深厚的丘陵地带,土壤以中性至微碱性壤土或砂壤土为宜。造林地整理方面,清理地块表层及浅层土壤中的杂物,栽植穴的规格以100 cm×100 cm×80 cm为宜。品种选择方面,优选抗逆性强的主栽品种,按比例搭配授粉树,采用苗木根系完整的壮苗定植。营林整地方面,在2月中下旬至3月底栽植,栽植密度以7~19株/667 m2为宜。栽植后管理方面,套袋护苗、关键生长期保墒灌溉、分阶段施肥;树冠外间作矮秆作物;定期中耕除草,采果后深耕松土等。整形修剪方面,通过主枝开角、摘心控旺等修剪技术,构建通风透光的树形。病虫害防治方面,合理应用物理、化学等方法防治金龟子、刺蛾、天牛。本文为大别山丘陵地区薄壳山核桃产业提质增效提供参考。
杨小凤 . 大别山丘陵地区薄壳山核桃丰产栽培技术[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2025 , 31(18) : 58 -61 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.18.015
Based on the cultivation and production practice of Carya illinoinensis in the hilly areas of the Dabie Mountains, the current planting situation was analyzed and the high yield cultivation techniques were summarized, including the preparation of afforestation land, variety selection, afforestation and land preparation, post-planting management, shaping and pruning, and pest and disease control. The research area has vigorously promoted the cultivation of economic crops such as Camellia oleifera and Carya illinoinensis, and Carya illinoinensis industry has developed rapidly. However, in actual production, there are currently problems such as unstandardized cultivation techniques and rough management. This tree species is suitable for planting in hilly areas with gentle slopes, abundant sunlight and deep soil layers. The soil is preferably neutral to slightly alkaline loam or sandy loam. In terms of the preparation of afforestation land, debris in the surface and shallow soil layers of the plot should be cleared. The size of the planting holes is preferably 100 cm×100 cm×80 cm. In terms of variety selection, main varieties with strong stress resistance should be preferred. Pollination trees should be proportionally combined, and strong seedlings with intact root systems should be planted. In terms of afforestation and land preparation, planting should be carried out from mid to late February to the end of March, with a planting density of 7 to 19 plants/667 m2 being appropriate. In terms of post-planting management, bagging for seedling protection, moisture retention irrigation during key growth periods, and staged fertilization are adopted. Interplant dwarf crops outside the tree canopy; regular hoeing and weeding, and deep ploughing and loosening of the soil after fruit harvest, etc. In terms of shaping and pruning, through techniques such as opening the corners of main branches and pinching to control excessive growth, a tree shape that is well-ventilated and well-lit is constructed. In terms of pest and disease control, physical and chemical methods should be rationally applied to control scarab beetles, tortricids and longhorn beetles. This article provides a reference for improving the quality and efficiency of the Carya illinoinensis industry in the hilly areas of the Dabie Mountains.
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