安徽农学通报 >
2025 , Vol. 31 >Issue 18: 70 - 73
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.18.018
灵璧县小麦赤霉病的发生原因及综合防治措施
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李芳(1975—),女,安徽灵璧人,高级农艺师,从事农业科研、试验示范、农业技术推广等工作。 |
Copy editor: 李媛
收稿日期: 2024-06-29
网络出版日期: 2025-09-28
Causes and comprehensive control measures of wheat Fusarium head blight in Lingbi County
Received date: 2024-06-29
Online published: 2025-09-28
本文以安徽灵璧县小麦生产实践为基础,对其赤霉病的发生原因进行分析,并探讨了该病害的综合防治策略。研究区小麦赤霉病病原菌主要通过气流、雨水、昆虫、种子、土壤和农事操作等途径传播。秸秆还田不规范、整地不平或过浅、品种抗性差、种植模式不适宜、抽穗扬花期遇阴雨天气、田间水肥管理不当等均会加重该病害的发生。该病害需采取综合防控策略,农业防治包括秸秆移除或粉碎还田、机械深耕整地(20~25 cm)、轮作换茬、适期播种、选择中科166等抗赤霉病品种、建立预警系统、优化栽培管理等;生物防治可施用芽孢杆菌等有益微生物制剂,以竞争、拮抗或诱导抗性等方式抑制病原菌的生长与繁殖;化学防治方面,可在抽穗扬花初期采用植保无人机等机械施用氰烯·戊唑醇等高效复配药剂,注意轮换用药,确保防治效果。本文为小麦赤霉病综合防治提供参考。
李芳 . 灵璧县小麦赤霉病的发生原因及综合防治措施[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2025 , 31(18) : 70 -73 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.18.018
Based on the wheat production practices in Lingbi County, Anhui Province, the causes of Fusarium head blight were analyzed, and integrated management strategies for this disease were explored. The pathogens of wheat Fusarium head blight were primarily spread through air currents, rainwater, insects, seeds, soil, and farming operations. The occurrence and severity of the disease were exacerbated by improper straw return, uneven or shallow land preparation, poor varietal resistance, unsuitable planting patterns, rainy weather during heading and flowering stages, and improper water and fertilizer management. The control of this disease requires an integrated management strategy. Agricultural control measures include the removal or pulverization and incorporation of straw into the field, mechanical deep plowing and land preparation (20–25 cm), crop rotation, sowing at appropriate times, selection of disease-resistant varieties such as Zhongke 166, establishment of an early warning system, and optimization of cultivation practices. Biological control involves the use of beneficial microbial agents such as Bacillus spp. to inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogens through competition, antagonism, or induction of resistance. For chemical control, efficient compound agents such as cyanacrylame + tebuconazole were applied using machinery such as plant protection drones during the initial heading and flowering stages, with emphasis on rotating chemicals to ensure effectiveness. This study provides a reference for the integrated control of wheat Fusarium head blight.
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