本文分析了陕西山阳县天然林的经营和保护现状，指出了当前天然林经营与保护中有待提升的环节，并提出针对性对策。研究区具有得天独厚的天然林资源优势，实现了森林资源的优化配置，并依托此打造了天竺山等一系列独具地方特色的旅游景点，通过产业带动效应，明显提升了当地农户的经济收入。研究区针对天然林资源的保护与管理实施了一系列措施，包括建立健全的森林资源档案系统、采取严格的森林采伐限额管理制度、与相关部门建立紧密的协作关系等，研究区天然林面积与蓄积量呈现出稳步增长的趋势，森林覆盖率逐年上升。天然林保护工作在群众保护意识、措施执行力度、资金投入和科研支撑4个方面有待进一步提升，针对以上方面，提出了加强宣传教育提升公众对天然林保护的认知水平，严格执行机制强化保护措施的系统执行，加大资金投入夯实保护工作的资源基础，完善科研支撑体系提升技术水平等对策。本文为相关地区的天然林经营与保护工作提供参考。

The current situation of the management and protection of natural forests was analyzed in Shanyang County, Shaanxi Province, the links that need to be improved in the current management and protection of natural forests were pointed out, and targeted countermeasures were put forward. The research area enjoys a unique advantage of natural forest resources, achieving an optimal allocation of forest resources. Relying on this, a series of tourist attractions with local characteristics have been created, such as Tianzhu Mountain. Through the industrial driving effect, the economic income of local farmers has been significantly increased. The study area has implemented a series of measures for the protection and management of natural forest resources, including establishing a sound forest resource archive system, adopting a strict forest felling quota management system, and establishing close collaborative relationships with relevant departments. As a result, the area and volume of natural forests in the study area have shown a steady growth trend, and the forest coverage rate has been increasing year by year. The protection of natural forests needs to be further improved in 4 aspects: public awareness of protection, the intensity of measure implementation, financial input, and scientific research support. In response to these aspects, countermeasures have been proposed, including strengthening publicity and education to enhance the public’s awareness of natural forest protection, strictly implementing mechanisms to strengthen the systematic implementation of protection measures, increasing financial input to consolidate the resource foundation for protection work, and improving the scientific research support system to enhance technological levels. This article provides a reference for the management and protection of natural forests in relevant regions.