安徽农学通报 >
2025 , Vol. 31 >Issue 21: 86 - 89
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.21.019
寿县小麦赤霉病发生与综合防治技术
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陈 宏(1979—),女,安徽寿县人,农艺师,从事农业技术推广工作。 |
Copy editor: 李媛
收稿日期: 2025-02-18
网络出版日期: 2025-11-12
Occurrence and comprehensive control technology of wheat scab in Shouxian
Received date: 2025-02-18
Online published: 2025-11-12
本文总结了安徽寿县小麦赤霉病的发生情况及特点,分析了该病害的发生原因,并指出其综合防治措施。小麦赤霉病是一种典型的气候型病害,在研究区主要造成穗腐,其发生与小麦抽穗扬花期(4月10—30日)天气密切相关;2014—2024年研究区小麦赤霉病中大流行、中等流行和轻发生年份分别为2、3、6年。该病害发生主要与品种抗性、栽培模式、气象条件等因素有关,研究区主栽的中迟熟白麦及部分红麦品种易感病;“稻—麦”茬口紧,秸秆全量还田为病菌提供了越冬场所;抽穗扬花期若遇适宜温湿度条件,易导致中等到大流行。基于此,提出其综合防控策略,包括因地制宜选择镇麦18、宁麦资126等抗病品种;配套实施秸秆深耕深埋、开沟降湿及合理轮作等农业调控措施;在关键防治窗口期,依据气候预测进行精准施药;在大流行年份,于抽穗初期首次施药,并连续防治2~3次,优先选用丙硫菌唑、氟唑菌酰羟胺等高效药剂,同时推行“一喷多促”统防统治,以确保防控效果的最大化与稳定性。本文为小麦赤霉病防控及安全生产提供参考。
陈宏 , 姚传云 . 寿县小麦赤霉病发生与综合防治技术[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2025 , 31(21) : 86 -89 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.21.019
The occurrence and characteristics of wheat scab in Shouxian, Anhui Province were summarized, the contributing factors were analyzed, and control measures were outlined integrated. Wheat scab is a typical climate-dependent disease, primarily causing head blight in the study area. Its occurrence was closely associated with weather conditions during the wheat heading and flowering stage (April 10-30); the years of major, moderate, and mild occurrence of wheat scab in the study area from 2014 to 2024 were 2, 3, and 6 years, respectively. The incidence of this disease is mainly influenced by variety susceptibility, cultivation practices, and meteorological conditions. In the study area, the widely cultivated mid-to-late maturing white wheat and some red wheat varieties are highly susceptible to the disease. The tight rice-wheat crop succession system, combined with full straw retention, provides a favorable environment for pathogen overwintering. Moderate to severe epidemics are likely to occur when suitable temperature and humidity conditions coincide with the heading and flowering stage. Based on this analysis, integrated control strategies were proposed. These include selecting resistant varieties such as Zhenmai 18 and Ningmaizi 126 based on local conditions; implementing supporting agricultural measures such as deep straw burial, trenching for humidity reduction, and rational crop rotation; applying precise chemical control during key prevention windows according to climate predictions; and in epidemic years, initiating the first spray at the early heading stage followed by 2-3 consecutive applications, prioritizing highly effective agents like prothioconazole and pydiflumetofen. Simultaneously, the “one-spray, multiple-promotion” approach and unified prevention and control should be promoted to ensure maximized and stable control efficacy. This study provides a reference for wheat scab management and safe production.
Key words: wheat; scab; meteorological conditions; integrated pest management
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