安徽农学通报 >
2025 , Vol. 31 >Issue 22: 115 - 118
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.22.024
面向农业生产的环境空气污染短临预报方案探析
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金 珊(1987—),女,江苏常州人,工程师,从事环境监测、空气质量预测预报等工作。 |
Copy editor: 胡立萍
收稿日期: 2025-03-11
网络出版日期: 2025-11-28
Analysis of short-term forecasting of ambient air pollution in agricultural production
Received date: 2025-03-11
Online published: 2025-11-28
准确、及时的环境空气质量预报能为环境管理与农业生产提供重要的决策信息。本文重点分析了空气质量潜势预测、数值预测和统计模型预测3种环境空气预报方法,并探讨了短临情况下精细化预报服务与农业生产实践路径。潜势预测是根据预报的气象因子预测未来出现污染天气的可能性,仅考虑气象参数,其预测结果准确度、精度较低;数值预测是以大气动力学理论为基础,将大气物理与化学过程相结合,以确定未来几天的污染物浓度,其准确率、稳定性高;统计模型预测通过研究大气环境变化规律,构建大气污染物浓度与气象参数间的统计关系模型,实现对污染物浓度的预测;其操作简单、更新速度快。实际应用过程中,融合数值模式的物理机理优势与统计模型的短临预报特长,可形成优势互补的短临预测预报方案。具体包括依托实时监测数据,对统计模型进行动态更新,提高预测精度;将物理方程融入统计模型,增强模型的机理性;以数值模式的输出结果为参考依据,驱动统计模型进行再学习,进一步优化预测精度。以上方案均可为种植户提供可解释、可信赖的短临指导建议。本文为农业的健康可持续发展提供参考。
金珊 . 面向农业生产的环境空气污染短临预报方案探析[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2025 , 31(22) : 115 -118 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.22.024
Accurate and timely ambient air quality forecasting provides crucial decision-making information for environmental management and agricultural production. This paper focuses on analyzing 3 ambient air quality forecasting methods: potential prediction, numerical prediction, and statistical model prediction, while exploring the practical paths of refined forecast services and agricultural production under short-term circumstances. Potential prediction estimates the likelihood of future polluted weather based on forecasted meteorological factors, considering only meteorological parameters, which results in relatively low accuracy and precision. Numerical prediction, grounded in atmospheric dynamics theory, integrates atmospheric physical and chemical processes to determine pollutant concentrations over the next few days, featuring high accuracy and stability. Statistical model prediction studies the variation rules of the atmospheric environment, constructs a statistical relationship model between atmospheric pollutant concentrations and meteorological parameters, and realizes the prediction of pollutant concentrations; it is simple to operate and fast update speed. In practical applications, integrating the physical mechanism advantages of numerical models with the short-term forecasting strengths of statistical models can form a complementary short-term forecasting scheme. Specific measures include: dynamically updating statistical models based on real-time monitoring data to improve prediction accuracy; incorporating physical equations into statistical models to enhance their mechanistic basis; and using the output results of numerical models as reference to drive the re-learning of statistical models for further optimizing prediction accuracy. This paper provides a reference for ambient air quality forecasting. All the above schemes can provide interpretable and reliable short-term and imminent guidance for growers. This paper provide references for the healthy and sustainable development of agriculture.
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