安徽农学通报 >
2025 , Vol. 31 >Issue 22: 64 - 70
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.22.014
加拿大一枝黄花入侵蔓延的生物学机制、治理策略及综合利用
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刘兴华(1970—),男,江苏盐城人,博士,副研究员,从事农业资源植物生长发育、逆境适应与加工利用研究。 |
Copy editor: 李媛
收稿日期: 2025-05-30
网络出版日期: 2025-11-28
基金资助
盐城市重点研发计划(社会发展)(YCBE202315)
Biological mechanisms, control strategies, and comprehensive utilization of invasive Solidago canadensis
Received date: 2025-05-30
Online published: 2025-11-28
本文阐述了加拿大一枝黄花入侵蔓延的生物学机制、治理策略及综合利用方法与进展。其入侵蔓延的生物学机制包括形成多倍化复合群体、有性生殖与无性繁殖相结合、产生化感物质以及与微生物协同作用等。针对该入侵植物的综合治理需依据其生活史及入侵特性,结合农业、生物、物理及化学方法进行综合防治。农业治理通过翻耕、轮作、地膜覆盖及种植竞争植物抑制其生长;生物生态治理通过引入天敌或替代植物,以恢复生态多样性;物理清除(人工拔除、机械铲除)宜在该植物的生长中后期实施,注意根茎处理以防再生;化学灭杀选用草甘膦等多种除草剂,按生境定向施药,延缓抗性产生;治理需分阶段、多措施协同,注重生态安全与持久防控。综合利用方面,该植株富含活性成分(二萜、三萜类),具有抗炎、抗菌活性,药用开发价值高;富含粗蛋白和纤维,可作为牛羊等草食动物的优质青饲料或青贮料;纤维含量高,是造纸和纤维板材的理想原料,也可转化为生物质能源。通过原料化、饲料化、基质化等综合利用,能控制其入侵危害,实现经济与生态效益双赢。现阶段,针对该入侵植物的防控与利用仍面临一些挑战,如人为活动加剧其传播、现有治理技术成本较高、资源化利用面临技术瓶颈等,未来需构建科技、政策与社会力量协同的综合治理体系。本文为加拿大一枝黄花的防治和资源化利用提供参考。
刘兴华 , 刘艳艳 , 丁颖 , 潘宗瑾 . 加拿大一枝黄花入侵蔓延的生物学机制、治理策略及综合利用[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2025 , 31(22) : 64 -70 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.22.014
The biological mechanisms underlying the invasion and spread of Solidago canadensis were elaborated, along with control strategies and advances in comprehensive utilization. Its invasive spread was attributed to several biological mechanisms, including the formation of polyploid complexes, combination of sexual and asexual reproduction, production of allelochemicals, and synergistic interactions with microorganisms. Integrated management of this invasive plant should be implemented based on its life history and invasion characteristics, combining agricultural, biological, physical, and chemical methods for comprehensive control. Agricultural control was implemented through tillage, crop rotation, plastic film mulching, and planting competitive species to suppress its growth. Bio-ecological management was carried out by introducing natural enemies or replacement plants to restore ecological diversity. Physical removal (manual uprooting, mechanical excavation) was preferably conducted during the mid-to-late growth stages, with careful attention paid to rhizome treatment to prevent regrowth. Chemical eradication was achieved using herbicides such as glyphosate, applied according to habitat-specific needs to avoid resistance development. Management was implemented in phases with multi-measure coordination, emphasizing ecological safety and sustained control. Regarding comprehensive utilization, the plant was found to be rich in active components (diterpenes, triterpenes) with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities, indicating high potential for pharmaceutical development. Its high crude protein and fiber content made it suitable as quality green forage or silage for ruminants like cattle and sheep. The high fiber content also rendered it an ideal raw material for papermaking and fiberboard production, as well as for conversion into biomass energy. Through comprehensive utilization such as materialization, feed production, and substrate application, its invasive impact could be mitigated, achieving both economic and ecological benefits. At present, challenges remain in the control and utilization of this invasive plant, including accelerated spread due to human activities, high costs of existing control technologies, and technical bottlenecks in resource utilization. In the future, an integrated management system combining scientific, policy, and social efforts needs to be established. This article provides a reference for the control and resource utilization of Solidago canadensis.
Key words: invasive plant; Solidago canadensis; management; comprehensive utilization
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