基于安徽省金寨县板栗病虫害防治实践，本文对该地板栗病虫害种类及为害情况，以及板栗疫病、板栗膏药病、剪枝栎实象等主要病虫害的症状、发生规律和综合防治措施进行了分析，并根据其发生原因，提出了针对性的防治策略。结果表明，研究区栗园主要病虫害共28种，其中病害7种、虫害21种，主要病害为板栗疫病、板栗膏药病和板栗白粉病，主要虫害为剪枝栎实象、栗实象、栗瘿蜂和栗绛蚧，发生较严重。板栗疫病多发生在枝干，病斑隆起呈不规则红褐色，多在夏季发生，及时修剪病枝并烧毁，结合化学防治可有效防治该病害；板栗膏药病病部呈近圆形，有灰色、褐色和棕黄色3种典型症状，保持栗园通风透光，在病部涂抹凡士林可抑制其发生；板栗白粉病主要为害叶、芽和嫩枝，白色菌丝层后形成黄色病斑，春季开始侵染，8—9月形成闭囊壳，秋冬季清除园内病枝，春季萌芽期喷施药剂可预防其发生；剪枝栎实象成虫产卵于幼嫩果枝，5月中下旬至6月上旬啃食幼嫩栗苞，可利用其假死性惊吓成虫使其震落进行集中防治；栗实象幼虫蛀食果实，8月上旬成虫开始产生危害，9—11月捡拾落地栗苞，集中烧毁或深埋；栗瘿蜂4月上旬多以幼虫为害栗芽和叶片，为害部位呈瘤状虫瘿，可在4—5月剪除虫瘿集中销毁；栗绛蚧以雌蚧和若虫为害寄主枝梢，4月上旬至5月中旬人工清除枝干上的雌成虫，加强肥水管理。该地板栗园在树种结构、栗农预防意识和专业防治力量方面有待改进，为此提出了种植抗病品种、强化防控宣传和技术培训、培育新型产业机制等策略，为板栗产业的健康发展提供参考。

Based on the practice of chestnut disease and pest control in Jinzhai County, Anhui Province, the types and damage conditions of chestnut diseases and pests in this area, as well as the symptoms, occurrence patterns and comprehensive control measures of major diseases and pests such as Cryphonectria parasitica, Septobasidium bogoriense and Mechoris ursulus were analyzed. According to the causes of their occurrence, targeted control strategies were proposed. The results showed that there were a total of 28 major diseases and pests in the chestnut orchards of the study area, including 7 diseases and 21 pests. The main diseases were Cryphonectria parasitica, Septobasidium bogoriense and Phyllactinia corylea, while the main pests were Mechoris ursulus, Curculio davidi, Dryocosmus kuriphilus and Kemes roboris, which occurred relatively seriously. Cryphonectria parasitica often occurred on the branches and trunks. The diseased spots were raised and irregularly reddish-brown. It usually occurred in summer. Timely pruning and burning of the diseased branches, combined with chemical control, could effectively prevent and controlled this disease. The affected area of the Septobasidium bogoriense was nearly round and had three typical symptoms: gray, brown and brownish-yellow. Keeping the chestnut orchard well-ventilated and well-lit, and applying vaseline to the affected area can suppress it. Phyllactinia corylea mainly affects leaves, buds and young branches. After the white mycelium layer, yellow lesions form. It begins to infect in spring and forms closed capsule shells in August and September. Diseased branches in the garden should be removed in autumn and winter. Spraying pesticides during the spring bud break can prevent the disease. The adult of the Mechoris ursulus laid eggs on young fruit branches. From mid to late May to early June, it fed on the young chestnut husks. Its false death could be used to scare the adult and shake it off for concentrated control. The fruits were eaten by Curculio davidi young insects. Adult insects started to cause damage in early August. From September to November, the chestnut buds that had fallen to the ground were picked up and burned or buried deep. In early April, the larvae of the Dryocosmus kuriphilus attacked chestnut buds and leaves. The affected areas present as tumor-like galls. The galls could be removed and destroyed in a centralized manner from April to May. The female and nymphs of the Kemes roboris damaged the main branches and tips. From early April to mid-May, the female adult insects on the branches and trunks should be manually removed, and the management of fertilizer and water should be strengthened. The chestnut orchard in this area needs improvement in terms of tree species structure, farmers’ awareness of prevention and control professional forces. Strategies such as planting disease-resistant varieties, strengthening prevention and control publicity and technical training, and cultivating new industrial mechanisms have been proposed to provide references for the healthy development of the chestnut industry.