安徽农学通报 >
2025 , Vol. 31 >Issue 24: 68 - 71
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.24.015
南陵县油茶丰产栽培与综合利用技术
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杨 帆(1990—),女,安徽南陵人,工程师,从事林业研究。 |
Copy editor: 吴思文
收稿日期: 2025-03-17
网络出版日期: 2025-12-25
High yield cultivation and comprehensive utilization techniques of Camellia oleifera in Nanling County
Received date: 2025-03-17
Online published: 2025-12-25
基于安徽省南陵县油茶种植实践,本文总结了该地油茶造林栽培技术、低产林改造技术,以及综合利用技术。油茶造林栽培技术包括清除造林地上的灌木等植被,在平坦或缓坡地进行全垦整地,在坡度超过15°的地块上采用水平带状整地技术;选择适宜研究区栽培的油茶优良品种(如长林53号、长林40号、长林4号等);油茶栽植时间宜在12月至翌年3月,初始栽植密度为1 110株/hm2;施入缓释复合肥0.2 kg/穴或厩肥5 kg/穴;干旱季节应选择早晚时段进行补水灌溉;适时进行中耕除草、补植、整形修剪等幼林抚育措施;及时深埋处理病枝等,合理利用黑缘红瓢虫、大红瓢虫等天敌昆虫进行生态调控。低产林改造技术包括通过人工疏伐、密林移植等方式优化林分结构、砍灌割草、适量增施磷钾复合肥;优化树体结构,采用自然圆头形、疏散分层形等树形;周期性进行浅、深翻垦复松土。综合利用技术包括规范果实采收与脱壳流程、优化油脂加工工艺、拓展副产物利用渠道。本文为油茶产业高质量发展提供参考。
杨帆 . 南陵县油茶丰产栽培与综合利用技术[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2025 , 31(24) : 68 -71 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.24.015
Based on the planting practice of Camellia oleifera in Nanling County, Anhui Province, the afforestation and cultivation techniques, low-yield forest transformation techniques, and comprehensive utilization techniques of Camellia oleifera in this area were summarized. The cultivation techniques for Camellia oleifera afforestation include removing shrubs and other vegetation on the afforestation site, conducting full reclamation and land preparation on flat or gentle slopes, and adopting horizontal strip land preparation technology for plots with a slope exceeding 15°. Select superior Camellia oleifera varieties suitable for cultivation in the study area (such as Changlin 53, Changlin 40, Changlin 4, etc.); the planting time of Camellia oleifera is preferably from December to March of the following year, and the initial planting density is 1 110 plants per hectare. Apply 0.2 kg of slow-release compound fertilizer or 5 kg of stable manure per hole. During the dry season, water replenishment and irrigation should be carried out in the early morning or late evening. Carry out timely hoeing, weeding, replanting, shaping and pruning and other nurturing measures; timely and deeply bury the diseased branches, and rationally utilize natural enemy insects such as Chilocorus rubidus and Rodolia rufopilosa for ecological regulation. Low-yield forest transformation techniques include optimizing the forest stand structure through manual thinning, dense forest transplantation, etc., cutting down shrubs and grass, and appropriately increasing the application of compound fertilizers of phosphorus and potassium. Optimize the tree structure by adopting natural round-head shapes, dispersed and layered shapes, etc. Periodically carry out shallow and deep ploughing, reclamation and loosening of the soil. Comprehensive utilization technologies include standardizing fruit harvesting and shelling processes, optimizing oil processing techniques, and expanding channels for the utilization of by-products. This article provides a reference for the high quality development of the Camellia oleifera industry.
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