安徽农学通报 >
2026 , Vol. 32 >Issue 1: 27 - 30
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2026.01.007
江汉平原地区露地春毛豆—秋红菜薹绿色高效轮作技术
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王灿洁(1989—),女,河南鲁山人,高级农艺师,从事绿色、有机、地理标志农产品开发、认证,园艺作物生产技术指导等工作。 |
收稿日期: 2025-03-03
网络出版日期: 2026-01-07
Green and efficient rotation techniques of spring Glycine max and autumn Brassica rapa in Jianghan Plain area
Received date: 2025-03-03
Online published: 2026-01-07
本文总结了江汉平原地区春毛豆—秋红菜薹轮作绿色高效栽培技术。该模式中,露地春毛豆于3月中旬直播,6—7月采收;秋红菜薹于7月中旬育苗,8月中旬定植,9月至翌年2月持续采收。春毛豆栽培技术核心包括选择耐寒抗病优质品种(台湾75-3);选择前茬为非豆科、十字花科作物的田块;施足腐熟有机肥与复合肥作基肥;精细整地起深沟高畦;药剂拌种后采用窄垄双行或宽垄4行模式精量播种;田间管理遵循“干花湿荚”的水分原则,在幼苗期、初花期和鼓粒期科学追肥;综合采用农业(选用抗病品种、合理密植)、物理(悬挂诱虫板)及化学(20%啶虫脒、200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺)方法防治蚜虫、豆荚螟和锈病等病虫害;豆荚饱满翠绿时适时采收,植株残体进行无害化处理或还田。秋红菜薹栽培技术要点包括选用适宜品种(精优亮红系列);夏季避雨遮阳育苗;毛豆秸秆还田后施足底肥,高垄定植;缓苗后、现蕾时及采薹期间结合灌溉分次追肥;采取综合防治措施防治软腐病、霜霉病、蚜虫及跳甲等病虫害;主薹达30 cm时采收,并规范采后捆扎、预冷与包装,以保持商品性。该轮作模式实现了毛豆及红菜薹周年高产、提质增效与土壤可持续利用,为相似生态区豆类和蔬菜高效生产提供参考。
王灿洁 , 肖杰 , 彭兵 , 黄翠娥 , 赵桦 , 熊金剑 , 周年英 , 李丽娜 . 江汉平原地区露地春毛豆—秋红菜薹绿色高效轮作技术[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2026 , 32(1) : 27 -30 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2026.01.007
The green and efficient cultivation techniques for the spring Glycine max-autumn Brassica rapa rotation system was summarized in the Jianghan Plain area. In this model, spring Glycine max was direct-seeded in open fields in mid-March and harvested from June to July, while autumn Brassica rapa was nursery-raised in mid-July, transplanted in mid-August, and harvested continuously from September to February of the following year. The spring Glycine max cultivation techniques include: selecting cold-tolerant, disease-resistant, high-quality varieties (Taiwan 75-3); choosing fields with non-legume and non-cruciferous previous crops; applying sufficient decomposed organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer as base fertilizer; finely preparing land and constructing deep-trench high-ridges; seeding precisely using narrow-ridge double-row or wide-ridge four-row methods after seed dressing with chemicals; adhering to the “dry flowers, moist pods” water management principle during field management, with scientific topdressing at the seedling, initial flowering, and pod-filling stages; comprehensive use of agricultural methods (selecting disease resistant varieties, reasonable planting), physical methods (hanging insect traps), and chemical methods (20% imidacloprid, 200 g/L chlorantraniliprole) to control pests and diseases such as aphids, pod borers, and rust; pods were harvested when they were plump and bright green, and plant residues were either treated harmlessly or returned to the field. The autumn Brassica rapa cultivation techniques include: selecting suitable varieties (Jingyoulianghong series); nursery-raising under rain-shelter and shading in summer; applying sufficient base fertilizer after Glycine max straw incorporation, followed by high-ridge transplanting; topdressing in stages combined with irrigation after seedling recovery, at bud emergence, and during stem harvesting; implementing integrated measures to control diseases and pests such as soft rot, downy mildew, aphids, and flea beetles; harvesting when the main stem reaches 30 cm; and standardizing post-harvest bundling, pre-cooling, and packaging to maintain product quality. This rotation model achieves year-round high yield, improved quality and efficiency, and sustainable soil use of Glycine max and Brassica rapa, provides a reference for efficient legume and vegetable production in similar ecological regions.
Key words: Glycine max; Brassica rapa; crop rotation; cultivation technology
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