安徽农学通报 >
2026 , Vol. 32 >Issue 1: 53 - 57
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2026.01.014
腾冲红花油茶生产现状及低效林改造技术
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刘加理(1980—),男,云南腾冲人,高级工程师,从事林木育种及资源管理研究。 |
收稿日期: 2025-03-08
网络出版日期: 2026-01-07
基金资助
保山市科技计划项目“腾冲红花油茶良种良法配套栽培技术研究”(2024bskj20)
Analysis of the current situation and countermeasures for low-efficiency forest of Camellia reticulata
Received date: 2025-03-08
Online published: 2026-01-07
本文分析了腾冲红花油茶生产现状及存在的问题,探讨了红花油茶低效林提质增效的有利因素,并提出了提质增效改造措施。当前,腾冲红花油茶在建园规划设计科学性、管理技术水平、基础设施建设和病虫害防治、果实采收时间等生产环节需重点关注。立足当地红花油茶低效林发展机遇良好、群众种植积极性较高、良种良法配套栽培技术日趋成熟3个有利条件,提出采取疏密降冠、良种高接改造、整形修剪等措施规划茶园布局;通过加强土壤、肥水和树体管理、人工辅助授粉、花期喷施生长调节剂等,提升抚育管理技术水平;购置中耕、除草、施肥类农业机械,健全基础设施配套建设;采取清除园内杂物、喷施3~5°Bé石硫合剂对树冠及园地进行全面清理消毒,加强病虫害综合防治;把控采收时机,确保在单株果实开裂率达30%时采收,提高果实成熟度与规范采收率等提质增效改造策略。本文为腾冲红花油茶低效林提质增效生产提供参考。
刘加理 , 杨晓霞 , 杨发成 , 罗存贞 , 蒋华 . 腾冲红花油茶生产现状及低效林改造技术[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2026 , 32(1) : 53 -57 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2026.01.014
The current production status and existing problems of Camellia reticulata were analyzed, the favorable factors for improving the quality and efficiency of low-efficiency Camellia reticulata forests were explored, and measures for quality improvement and efficiency enhancement were proposed. At present, in the construction and planning of the orchards for Camellia reticulata, particular attention should be paid to the scientificity of the planning and design, the management and technical level, infrastructure construction, pest and disease control, and the timing of fruit harvest in the production process. Based on three favorable conditions: good development opportunities for local red flower tea low yield forests, high enthusiasm of the local people for planting, and increasingly mature cultivation techniques including good varieties and proper methods, it is proposed to adopt measures such as thinning and reducing the canopy, high quality grafting for renovation, and shaping and pruning to plan the layout of the tea garden; through strengthening soil, fertilizer and water management, artificial pollination assistance, and spraying growth regulators during the flowering period, the technical level of cultivation management can be improved; purchasing agricultural machinery for weeding, mowing and fertilization, and improving infrastructure construction; removing debris in the park, spraying 3-5 °Bé lime-sulfur mixture to thoroughly clean and disinfect the tree canopy and the park area, strengthening comprehensive pest and disease control; controlling the harvest time to ensure harvesting when the cracking rate of individual fruits reaches 30%, and improving the maturity of the fruits and the standardization of the harvest rate; implementing quality improvement and efficiency enhancement strategies such as clearing the debris in the park, spraying 3-5°Bé lime-sulfur mixture to thoroughly clean and disinfect the tree canopy and the park area, and strengthening comprehensive pest and disease control; controlling the harvest time to ensure harvesting when the cracking rate of individual fruits reaches 30%, and improving the maturity of the fruits and the standardization of the harvest rate; these strategies provide a reference for improving the quality and efficiency of low yield Camellia reticulata forests. This article provides a reference for improving and enhancing the production of low yield Camellia reticulata.
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