安徽农学通报 >
2026 , Vol. 32 >Issue 2: 24 - 27
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2026.02.008
油菜种子质量检测及高产栽培技术
|
徐礼森(1990—),男,安徽潜山人,硕士,农艺师,从事作物栽培及农业技术推广工作。 |
收稿日期: 2025-03-05
网络出版日期: 2026-01-22
Quality testing of rapeseed seeds and its high yield cultivation techniques
Received date: 2025-03-05
Online published: 2026-01-22
本文介绍了油菜种子质量室内检测方法,同时基于安徽省望江县油菜种植现状,从品种选择、种子处理、田间肥水管理和病虫害防治等方面分析总结了油菜高产栽培技术。油菜种子质量室内检测核心指标包括水分测定(低恒温烘干法,要求含水量≤9.0%)、净度分析(净度≥98.0%)和发芽试验(20 ℃培养7 d计算发芽率),其为种子质量安全提供了技术支撑。高产栽培技术包括选择生育期适中、适宜机收的高抗品种;播种前做好地块整理,通过晒种、药剂拌种防止种子携带病虫;把握大田管理的关键环节,在油菜定苗后和封行前实施中耕除草,科学施肥同时注重土壤中硫肥的施加,及时清理油菜田厢沟、腰沟和围沟,实现“旱能灌、涝能排”;注意预防油菜菌核病、蚜虫、菜青虫等病虫害,综合运用农业防治、物理防治、生物防治及化学防治方法;根据天气情况及油菜成熟度及时收获。本文为相似区域油菜高产栽培及种子质量管控提供参考。
徐礼森 . 油菜种子质量检测及高产栽培技术[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2026 , 32(2) : 24 -27 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2026.02.008
Laboratory testing methods for rapeseed quality are introduced in this paper. Meanwhile, based on the current status of rapeseed cultivation in Wangjiang County of Anhui Province, high yield cultivation techniques for rapeseed are analyzed and summarized from the aspects of variety selection, seed treatment, field fertilizer and water management, and disease and pest control. The core indicators of laboratory testing of rapeseed seed quality, include moisture determination (low-constant temperature drying method, requiring a moisture content ≤9.0%), purity analysis (purity≥98.0%), and germination test (calculating germination rate after 7 days of cultivation at 20 °C), which provide technical support for seed quality safety. High yield cultivation techniques include choosing high-resistance varieties with moderate growth periods and suitable for mechanical harvesting; preparing the field before sowing and preventing seeds from carrying pests and diseases through sun-drying and chemical seed dressing; implementing intertillage and weeding after seedling establishment and before canopy closure, applying fertilizers scientifically with particular attention to sulfur fertilizer application in the soil, and cleaning the furrows between plots, furrows across plots, and surrounding furrows of rapeseed fields in a timely manner to achieve “irrigation in drought and drainage in waterlogging”; focusing on preventing sclerotinia stem rot, aphids, and cabbage worms by comprehensively using agricultural, physical, biological, and chemical control methods; and harvesting in a timely manner according to weather conditions and rapeseed maturity. This paper provides a reference for high yield rapeseed cultivation and seed quality control in similar regions.
| [1] |
安徽省统计局.安徽统计年鉴2023[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2024.
|
| [2] |
安徽省统计局. 安徽统计年鉴2014[M]. 北京:中国统计出版社,2014.
|
| [3] |
田永银,周行瑶.油菜轻简化栽培技术[J].新农业,2025,(7):44-45.
|
| [4] |
肖端兰,李群慧. 安庆市油菜轻简节本高效栽培技术[J]. 安徽农学通报,2018,24(23):39-40.
|
| [5] |
孙双杰. 望江县油菜生产存在的主要问题及对策[J]. 安徽农学通报,2021,27(3):31-32.
|
| [6] |
王艳,王建文,宋宇宁,等. 水稻茬轮作油菜化肥减量施用对产量和效益的影响[J]. 中南农业科技,2023,44(5):246-247,250.
|
| [7] |
7 江兴龙. 种子质量检测实操方法[J]. 中国种业,2017(3):32-34.
|
| [8] |
胡志林. 油菜栽培技术要点及种植效益提升措施[J]. 世界热带农业信息,2023(7):20-21.
|
| [9] |
何微,李俊,王晓梅,等. 全球油菜产业现状与我国油菜产业问题、对策[J]. 中国油脂,2022,47(2):1-7.
|
| [10] |
何志亮. 南方油菜高产种植技术推广及病虫害防治分析[J]. 农业灾害研究,2023,13(7):71-73.
|
| [11] |
李录久,孙礼胜,巨晓棠,等. 安徽省望江县油菜田土壤有效硫状况及硫肥效应[J]. 土壤,2007,39(6):915-918.
|
| [12] |
叶云. 我国冬油菜区油菜产业发展存在的问题及对策[J]. 现代农业科技,2021(12):47-48,51.
|
| [13] |
童存泉,牛运生,周可金,等. 提高油菜综合生产能力 促进安徽油菜产业提升[J]. 安徽农学通报,2007,13(1):1-3.
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |