安徽农学通报 >
2026 , Vol. 32 >Issue 4: 107 - 110
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2026.04.025
林业病虫害图像检测技术与应用研究
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赵靖暄(1994—),女,河北石家庄人,硕士,工程师,从事森林资源保护工作。 |
收稿日期: 2025-04-19
网络出版日期: 2026-02-11
Research on forest pest and disease image detection technology and its application
Received date: 2025-04-19
Online published: 2026-02-11
本文分析了林业病虫害发生特点、病虫害识别方式,以及在机器学习、深度学习方法中通用的图像检测关键技术,阐述了无人机与图像检测技术的融合应用。林业病虫害具有种类繁多、防治困难等特点,对林业生态系统稳定构成一定威胁。当前林业病虫害识别技术主要分为3类,各类方法的技术特性与应用效能存在明显差异:基于人工经验的识别方式依赖专业人员的现场勘查与判断,存在耗时费力、主观性强、结果稳定性差的短板;基于机器学习的识别方式通过构建模型算法的训练实现病害判别,较人工识别检测效率大幅提升,但受到人工提取特征的主观局限性限制;基于深度学习的识别方式则依托深层神经网络自主挖掘图像特征,具备较高的检测准确性与场景适应性。结合机器学习等模型与图像识别技术,能高效解析病虫害特征信息,实现病虫害自动化识别。林业病虫害图像识别的关键技术体系主要涵盖图像预处理、图像分割、网络模型选择3项手段。无人机航拍与病虫害图像检测技术的融合应用,可精准提取森林覆盖影像中树冠颜色变化等关键特征,兼具高分辨率优势,能够准确判断病虫害侵入进程,在林业病虫害动态监测中得到广泛推广。本文为提高林业病虫害图像检测精确度提供参考。
赵靖暄 , 喻沩舸 , 靳丽丽 , 李娜 . 林业病虫害图像检测技术与应用研究[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2026 , 32(4) : 107 -110 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2026.04.025
This article analyzes the characteristics of forest pest and disease occurrences, the methods for identifying pests and diseases, as well as the key image detection technologies commonly used in machine learning and deep learning methods. It also elaborates on the combined application of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and image detection technology. Forest pests and diseases have diverse types and are difficult to control, posing certain threats to the stability of the forest ecosystem. Currently, the identification technologies for forestry pests and diseases can be classified into three categories. There are significant differences in the technical characteristics and application efficiency among these methods: the identification approach based on professional experience relies on on-site investigation and judgment by experts, which has the drawbacks of being time-consuming, labor-intensive, and having a high degree of subjectivity. The recognition method based on machine learning achieves disease discrimination by training the model algorithm. It significantly improves the detection efficiency compared to manual recognition, but is limited by the subjective limitations of the features extracted by humans. The identification method based on deep learning relies on deep neural networks to autonomously extract image features, possessing higher detection accuracy and scene adaptability. By integrating machine learning models and image recognition technologies, it is possible to efficiently analyze the characteristic information of pests and diseases, achieving automatic identification of pests and diseases. The key technical system for forestry pest and disease image recognition mainly covers 3 methods image preprocessing, image segmentation, and network model selection. The integrated application of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) aerial photography and pest and disease image detection technology can precisely extract key features such as color changes of tree crowns in forest coverage images. It also has the advantage of high resolution and can accurately determine the invasion process of pests and diseases. This technology has been widely adopted in the dynamic monitoring of forestry pests and diseases. This article provides a reference for improving the accuracy of forest pest and disease image detection.
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