安徽农学通报 >
2026 , Vol. 32 >Issue 4: 28 - 31
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2026.04.007
免套袋栽培苹果园栽培管理技术
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浩折霞(1989—),女,甘肃定西人,硕士,农艺师,从事植物营养与土壤肥料研究。 |
收稿日期: 2025-04-23
网络出版日期: 2026-02-11
基金资助
陕西省秦创原“科学家+工程师”队伍建设项目(2023KXJ-284)
Cultivation and management techniques for bag-free apple orchards
Received date: 2025-04-23
Online published: 2026-02-11
本文从土肥水管理、病虫害防治等方面总结了免套袋苹果园栽培管理技术要点。土壤管理提倡生草栽培与铺设反光膜,以改善土壤微生态和促进果实着色;肥料管理遵循控氮、增有机肥与钾肥原则,基肥施用有机肥15~20 kg/株及复合肥5~10 kg/株,喷施免套袋膜剂与钙肥,以提升果面光洁度与树体抗性;水分管理根据生育期需求灵活灌溉,注重排水防涝。病虫害防治以物理(诱虫板、石灰涂白)和生物(性诱剂、微生物制剂)方法为核心,配合选择化学药剂(多抗霉素、波尔多液)防治蚜虫和炭疽病等。树形修剪注重通风透光,采用纺锤形或开心形,精细管理枝组。花果管理通过人工与放蜂授粉保果,结合疏花疏果合理控产。该集成技术通过协同调控肥水、病虫害综合防治、树体优化及花果精细化管理等,为苹果绿色优质生产提供参考。
浩折霞 , 马巧荣 , 张彤彤 . 免套袋栽培苹果园栽培管理技术[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2026 , 32(4) : 28 -31 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2026.04.007
The key cultivation management techniques for bag-free apple orchards were summarized, focusing on soil, fertilizer, and water management, pest and disease control, and other related aspects. Soil management promoted grass cultivation and the laying of reflective films to improve the microecology and enhance coloration. In fertilizer management, the principles of controlling nitrogen, increasing application of organic fertilizer and potassium fertilizer were followed. Base fertilization involved the application of organic fertilizer at 15–20 kg/plant and compound fertilizer at 5–10 kg/plant, along with spraying bag-free film agents and calcium fertilizers to enhance fruit surface smoothness and resistance. Water management was adjusted flexibly according to growth stage requirements, with emphasis on drainage to prevent waterlogging. For disease and pest control, physical methods (insect traps, lime whitewashing) and biological methods (sex pheromones, microbial agents) were prioritized, supplemented by selective chemical agents (polyoxin, Bordeaux mixture) to control aphids and anthracnose. Tree pruning focuses on ventilation and light penetration, using spindle or open-center shapes, with meticulous management of branch groups. Flower and fruit management involved artificial and bee-assisted pollination to ensure fruit set, combined with thinning of flowers and fruits to regulate yield appropriately. This integrated technology provides references for green and high quality apple production through collaborative regulation of fertilizer and water, comprehensive prevention and control of pests and diseases, tree optimization, and fine management of flowers and fruits.
Key words: bag-free; apple orchard; disease and pest control; tree pruning
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