安徽农学通报 >
2026 , Vol. 32 >Issue 5: 24 - 27
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2026.05.006
夏玉米密植滴灌水肥一体化生产技术
|
王青秀(1981—),女,河南内黄人,高级农艺师,从事农业技术推广及植物保护工作。 |
Office editor: 李媛
收稿日期: 2025-05-28
网络出版日期: 2026-03-12
Production technology of dense planting and drip irrigation with integrated water and fertilizer for summer maize
Received date: 2025-05-28
Online published: 2026-03-12
本文从夏玉米生产全流程出发,总结了其密植滴灌水肥一体化生产技术要点。播前准备阶段,选择地势平坦、排灌方便的地块,实施秸秆精细化还田与周期深耕深松,并依据土壤肥力进行配方施肥;优选耐密抗倒、宜机收的包衣品种(农大778、德单123等),合理密植(5 000~6 000株/667 m2);建设包含首部枢纽与三级管网的滴灌系统,选用压力补偿式滴灌带。在播种作业环节,采用导航精播、铁茬直播或三角定苗播种等方式确保播种质量,播期依种植模式而定,并实现播种、施肥与滴灌带铺设的联合作业。田间管理以水肥一体化为核心,根据生育阶段监测土壤含水量实施灌溉与氮肥分次追施,配套实施间苗定苗、化学除草、化控及综合病虫害防治措施。在收获储藏阶段,于苞叶变黄、籽粒乳线消失、含水量低于25%时采用联合收获机适时晚收,并将籽粒干燥至含水量低于13%后入库储藏。定期检查维护滴灌系统,收获后回收处理相关设备。本文为夏玉米绿色可持续生产提供参考。
王青秀 . 夏玉米密植滴灌水肥一体化生产技术[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2026 , 32(5) : 24 -27 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2026.05.006
This paper systematically summarized the key technical points of dense planting and drip irrigation with integrated water and fertilizer for summer maize, covering the entire growth cycle. During the pre-sowing preparation stage, flat and well-drained fields were selected, and fine straw incorporation combined with periodic deep tillage or subsoiling were implemented. Fertilization was applied based on soil fertility, and dense-planting-resistant, machine-harvestable coated varieties (such as Nongda 778 and Dedan 123) were preferentially selected, with a rational planting density of 5 000–6 000 plants/667 m². A drip irrigation system comprising a head control unit and a three-level pipeline network was established, with pressure-compensating drip tapes being the preferred choice. In the sowing operation, methods such as guided precision sowing, stubble-direct seeding, or triangular seedling-fixing sowing were adopted to ensure sowing quality. The sowing time was determined according to the planting pattern, and simultaneous operations of sowing, fertilization, and drip tape laying were achieved. Field management focused on fertigation as the core, with irrigation and split nitrogen applications carried out based on soil moisture monitoring at different growth stages. Complementary practices, including seedling thinning and final spacing, chemical weeding, growth regulation, and integrated disease and pest control, were implemented. During the harvest and storage stage, maize was harvested using combine harvesters at the appropriate delayed time when the husks turned yellow, the kernel milk line disappeared, and the moisture content dropped below 25%. The grains were then dried to a moisture content below 13% before storage. The drip irrigation system was regularly inspected and maintained, and related equipment was recycled after harvest. This paper provides a reference for the green and sustainable production of summer maize.
| [1] |
陶华,刘戈. 夏玉米水肥一体化生产技术[J]. 河南农业,2025(5):25-26.
|
| [2] |
耿卫东,张冬梅. 滴灌玉米水肥一体化高产栽培技术[J]. 新疆农垦科技,2024,47(4):5-8.
|
| [3] |
侯艳超. 夏玉米滴灌水肥一体化单产提高技术要点[J]. 河南农业,2023(31):22.
|
| [4] |
梁德祺. 硝磺草酮和烟嘧磺隆对玉米田杂草最低有效控制剂量的研究[D]. 沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2021.
|
| [5] |
毕瑞芝. 绿色防控技术在玉米病虫害防治中的应用[J]. 安徽农学通报,2025,31(5):85-88.
|
| [6] |
张富贵,顾景辉. 绿色防控技术在玉米病虫害防治中的应用探究[J]. 世界热带农业信息,2023(12):46-47.
|
| [7] |
田晓红,陈桂敏,马文凤,等. 不同管理模式下适时晚收对玉米产量和子粒养分含量的影响[J]. 河北农业科学,2022,26(3):23-27.
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |