安徽农学通报 >
2026 , Vol. 32 >Issue 5: 53 - 58
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2026.05.013
乡土珍贵树种红锥栽培技术及综合利用价值
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曾韦珊(1998—),女,云南丽江人,硕士,助理工程师,从事林木遗传育种研究。 |
Office editor: 周泳利
收稿日期: 2025-04-25
网络出版日期: 2026-03-12
基金资助
广东省基层林业科技支撑服务项目“红锥、火力楠种子园丰产栽培关键技术研究与推广应用”(2024JCKJCX031)
Cultivation techniques and comprehensive utilization value of the native precious tree species Castanopsis hystrix
Received date: 2025-04-25
Online published: 2026-03-12
本文基于林业生产实践,综述了红锥的生物学及生态学特性、栽培技术及综合利用价值。红锥当年生枝紫褐色、二年生枝暗褐黑色,叶纸质或薄革质、披针形,坚果宽圆锥形,无毛;多生长于丘陵及山麓地带,喜湿润的热带、亚热带季风气候。栽培技术方面,选择经林木良种审定(或认定)的种子,浮选剔除瘪粒及虫蛀粒,使用2%高锰酸钾溶液等药剂进行表面灭菌和除虫,随后进行种子沙藏处理;选择土壤呈酸性、高度20 cm左右、宽度90 cm左右的苗床,选定后平整床面(保持疏松土层15 cm左右);恒温湿沙层积处理60~80 d,进行种子催芽;采用播种、扦插、嫁接、组培快繁等方式进行育苗;做好苗期遮阴防晒及水肥管理工作。林木培育方面,选择酸性红壤、黄壤或赤红壤立地;造林前2~3个月完成林地清理,采用带状或穴状整地;选用根系发达、长势好、无病虫害、树体无损伤、1.5年生以上的造林苗,在2—3月完成造林;采用红锥纯林或红锥针阔叶混交林等种植模式;做好除草、疏伐等抚育管理措施;伐后萌芽长至1 m左右时进行除萌。红锥常见的病虫害有叶枯病、根腐病、卷叶螟、金龟子等,可采用农业、物理、生物、化学等综合防治措施进行防治。此外,该树种兼具木材加工、果实开发利用与混交林营造等生态功能价值,综合利用潜力较高。本文为红锥的栽培和利用提供参考。
曾韦珊 , 蒙金超 . 乡土珍贵树种红锥栽培技术及综合利用价值[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2026 , 32(5) : 53 -58 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2026.05.013
Based on forestry production practice, this paper reviewed the biological and ecological characteristics, cultivation techniques, and comprehensive utilization value of Castanopsis hystrix. The current-year branches of C. hystrix are purplish brown and the biennial branches are dark brown to black; the leaves are papery or thinly leathery and lanceolate, and the nuts are broadly conical and glabrous. This tree mostly grows in hilly areas and mountain foothills, and prefers humid tropical and subtropical monsoon climates. In terms of cultivation techniques, seeds certified or recognized as forest improved varieties should be selected, and shriveled and worm-eaten seeds should be eliminated by flotation. The selected seeds are subjected to surface sterilization and insecticidal treatment with 2% potassium permanganate solution and other agents, followed by sand storage treatment. Seedbeds with acidic soil, a height of about 20 cm and a width of about 90 cm should be selected, after which the seedbed surface is leveled (with a loose soil layer of about 15 cm maintained). The seeds are subjected to constant temperature wet sand stratification for 60 to 80 days to promote germination. Seedling propagation can be realized by sowing, cutting, grafting, tissue culture rapid propagation and other methods, and it is necessary to strengthen shading, sun protection, water and fertilizer management at the seedling stage. For stand cultivation, site conditions with acidic red soil, yellow soil or latosol red soil are preferred; site clearing should be completed 2 to 3 months before afforestation, with strip or hole soil preparation adopted. Afforestation is conducted in February to March with healthy afforestation seedlings of more than 1.5 years old that have well-developed root systems, vigorous growth, no diseases and pests and no tree body damage. Planting patterns such as C. hystrix pure stands and C. hystrix coniferous-broadleaved mixed stands can be adopted, and tending management measures such as weeding and thinning should be well implemented. Sprout thinning is carried out when the sprouts grow to about 1 m in height after felling. The common diseases and pests of C. hystrix include leaf blight, root rot, leaf rollers, cockchafer and so on, which can be controlled by integrated measures such as agricultural, physical, biological and chemical control. In addition, this tree possesses value in wood processing, fruit development and utilization as well as the ecological functional value in mixed forest establishment, with great potential for comprehensive utilization. This paper provides a reference for the cultivation and utilization of C. hystrix.
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