安徽农学通报 >
2026 , Vol. 32 >Issue 5: 95 - 99
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2026.05.022
桑黄主要活性成分的药理作用及提取方法研究进展
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李美霖(2001—),女,海南海口人,硕士研究生,从事园林园艺植物生理研究。 |
Office editor: 张琴
收稿日期: 2025-10-22
网络出版日期: 2026-03-12
基金资助
湖北民族大学校内科研项目“恩施地区野生食用菌资源收集鉴定及驯化体系研究”(202315)
Research progress on pharmacological effects and extraction methods of main active components in Sanghuang
Received date: 2025-10-22
Online published: 2026-03-12
桑黄为传统药用真菌,主要包括桑树桑黄(Sanghuangporus sanghuang)、杨树桑黄(Sanghuangporus vaninii)、丁香桑黄(Sanghuangporus baumii)及临清桑黄(Inonotus hispidus)4种常见种类。为明确其主要活性成分差异及其提取工艺适配性,本研究对其多糖、多酚、萜类三大主要活性成分的药理作用及对应提取工艺特性进行系统综述。结果表明,桑黄多糖具有明显的抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗炎、降血糖及免疫调节活性;桑黄多酚主要展现抗氧化、抗肿瘤及降血糖功效,其中丁香桑黄多酚对2型糖尿病具有潜在饮食干预价值;桑黄萜类主要起到抗氧化和抗肿瘤作用。提取工艺方面,多糖提取中超声—热水协同法、酶法得率较高(1.3%~5.5%),适配高纯度多糖制备;多酚提取中深共熔溶剂(DES)法作为绿色技术,提取率是传统方法的1.5~1.9倍;萜类提取以超声—乙醇法和原位萃取发酵法(产量14~19 g/L)适用性较强。综上,本文明确了不同桑黄种类的活性成分特征及提取工艺适配性,梳理了各类提取方法的特点与应用场景,为桑黄资源的高效开发利用提供参考。
李美霖 , 杨兴涛 , 马明 , 廖平 , 王明红 . 桑黄主要活性成分的药理作用及提取方法研究进展[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2026 , 32(5) : 95 -99 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2026.05.022
Sanghuang is a traditional medicinal fungus, mainly including 4 common species: Sanghuangporus sanghuang, Sanghuangporus vaninii, Sanghuangporus baumii and Inonotus hispidus. To clarify the differences in their main active components and the adaptability of their extraction processes, this study systematically reviews the pharmacological effects of the 3 main active components (polysaccharides, polyphenols and terpenoids) and the characteristics of their corresponding extraction processes. The results showed that Sanghuang polysaccharides exhibited significant antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic and immunomodulatory activities; Sanghuang polyphenols mainly displayed antioxidant, anti-tumor and hypoglycemic effects, among which the polyphenols from Sanghuangporus baumii had potential value for dietary intervention in type 2 diabetes; Sanghuang terpenoids focused on antioxidant and anti-tumor effects. In terms of extraction processes, the ultrasonic-hot water synergistic method and enzymatic method achieved relatively high yields (1.3%-5.5%) in polysaccharide extraction and were suitable for the preparation of high-purity polysaccharides; as an emerging green technology, the deep eutectic solvent (DES) method for polyphenol extraction obtained an extraction rate 1.5-1.9 times that of traditional methods; the ultrasonic-ethanol method and in-situ extraction fermentation method (with a yield of 14-19 g/L) showed strong applicability in terpenoid extraction. In conclusion, this study clarified the characteristics of active components and the adaptability of extraction processes among different Sanghuang species, sorted out the features and application scenarios of various extraction methods, and provided references for the efficient development and utilization of Sanghuang resources.
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