安徽农学通报 >
2026 , Vol. 32 >Issue 6: 110 - 112
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2026.06.028
强降水天气对玉米生产的影响及应对措施
|
申 昱(1979—),男,河北邯郸人,从事农业技术推广工作。 |
Copy editor: 何艳
收稿日期: 2025-01-17
网络出版日期: 2026-03-27
Effects of heavy precipitation on maize production and countermeasures
Received date: 2025-01-17
Online published: 2026-03-27
本文总结分析了强降水天气对玉米生产的影响,包括玉米生长发育、玉米产量与品质以及病虫害发生与流行等,并提出相应的应对措施。强降水天气会导致玉米生长发育进程延迟,增加植株倒伏和叶片损伤的风险,并通过降低穗粒数和千粒重,影响籽粒淀粉、粗蛋白等含量,进而降低玉米的产量和品质,增加籽粒杂质含量,还会提高病虫害发生和传播风险。基于此提出以下对策,具体包括选用抗逆性强的优良品种,结合低洼区改种耐涝作物、实行起垄或宽窄行种植,调整播期避开敏感生育期、优化群体结构通风降湿等科学布局措施;加强田间管理,包括及时清沟排水、科学施肥、综合防治病虫害,同时加强支持与保障措施等。本文为增强玉米生产的防灾减灾能力,保障玉米生产安全提供参考。
申昱 , 王新 , 任向东 . 强降水天气对玉米生产的影响及应对措施[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2026 , 32(6) : 110 -112 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2026.06.028
This research summarized and analyzed the impacts of heavy precipitation weather on maize production,including its effects on maize growth and development,yield and quality,as well as the occurrence and prevalence of pests and diseases,and proposed corresponding countermeasures. Heavy precipitation weather can delay the growth and development process of maize,increase the risk of plant lodging and leaf damage,and reduce grain yield and quality by decreasing the number of grains per ear and the thousand-kernel weight. It also affects the content of starch and crude protein in the grains,increases the impurity content in the grains,and raises the risk of pest and disease occurrence and transmission. Based on these findings,the following countermeasures are proposed:selecting stress-resistant varieties;implementing scientific layout measures such as replacing crops with waterlogging-tolerant varieties in low-lying areas, adopting ridge planting or wide-narrow row planting, adjusting the sowing date to avoid sensitive growth stages, and optimizing population structure to improve ventilation and reduce humidity;strengthening field management,including timely drainage,scientific fertilization,and integrated pest management;and enhancing support and safeguard measures. This paper provides a reference for enhancing the disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities of maize production and ensuring the safety of maize production.
| [1] |
张晓晓. 强降雨过后农作物管理技术建议[J]. 现代农村科技,2023(8):16.
|
| [2] |
郭丽红. 强降雨天气对农业生产的影响及对策研究[J]. 中国减灾,2024(14):46-47.
|
| [3] |
张骏,秦家乐,孙兰. 强降雨对种植业造成的损失与对策:以马鞍山市2016年夏季气象灾害为例[J]. 安徽农学通报,2016,22(23):145-147.
|
| [4] |
朱世蝶,袁刘正,齐红志,等. 渍涝胁迫对玉米生长发育的影响研究进展[J]. 种业导刊,2024(2):7-11.
|
| [5] |
刘祖贵,刘战东,肖俊夫,等. 苗期与拔节期淹涝抑制夏玉米生长发育、降低产量[J]. 农业工程学报,2013,29(5):44-52.
|
| [6] |
李从锋,贾春兰,陶志强,等. 拔节期淹水对不同株高夏玉米产量、形态特征及物质生产的影响[J]. 玉米科学,2019,27(6):62-67.
|
| [7] |
任佰朝,张吉旺,李霞,等. 淹水胁迫对夏玉米籽粒灌浆特性和品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学,2013,46(21):4435-4445.
|
| [8] |
霍治国,李茂松,王丽,等. 降水变化对中国农作物病虫害的影响[J]. 中国农业科学,2012,45(10):1935-1945.
|
| [9] |
王燕方. 论气候变化对中国农作物病虫害发生的影响[J]. 农民致富之友,2017(18):59.
|
| [10] |
佟屏亚. 郑单958PK先玉335引发的深层思考[J]. 中国种业,2010(6):36-37.
|
| [11] |
李文,李伶俐,王志强,等. 喷施锌钼肥对渍涝胁迫玉米生长发育及产量和品质的影响[J]. 河南农业大学学报,2016,50(5):593-597.
|
| [12] |
王志强,张丽婷,彭凌馨,等. 锌肥对水分逆境下玉米产量形成的影响[J]. 河南农业大学学报,2014,48(6):674-679.
|
| [13] |
沈贵银,张雯丽. 加强政策协同提高农民种粮积极性[J]. 黑龙江粮食,2016(10):31-32.
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |