安徽农学通报 >
2026 , Vol. 32 >Issue 7: 110 - 113
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2026.07.027
基于兴安盟雷电特征的设施农业雷电防护体系构建
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蔡文君(1994—),女,内蒙古乌兰浩特人,工程师,从事雷电防御研究。 |
Copy editor: 胡立萍
收稿日期: 2025-05-23
网络出版日期: 2026-04-14
Construction of a lightning protection system for facility agriculture based on the lightning characteristics of Xing’an League
Received date: 2025-05-23
Online published: 2026-04-14
雷电是内蒙古自治区兴安盟地区的主要气象灾害之一,会对设施农业产生严重影响。本文从时间分布维度分析了该地区的雷电活动特征,综述了雷电活动对设施农业的危害、防护过程中有待提升的环节及防护体系构建对策。2015—2024年研究区雷电活动在春、夏、秋、冬季的发生占比分别为16.4%、63.4%、19.6%和0.6%,主要集中在夏季;其中春季主要影响农作物的适时种植,夏季主要影响作物的光合作用与正常生长,秋季主要影响作物的采摘、运输、储存等环节,冬季主要影响反季节种植计划。基于季节性特征,研究区设施农业雷电防护实践工作在防护意识、防护措施、防护体系系统性等方面有待进一步提升。基于此,提出以下雷电防护体系构建措施:构建多维度宣传教育体系、实施精准化技能培训,以破除“金属自然避雷”“发生频率低无需防护”等认知,增强防护意识;运用智能接闪与引雷装置及高性能屏蔽与浪涌保护设备;构建设备联动防护机制,强化远程监控与应急处理,制定完善的应急处理预案,以强化系统自动化联动。本文为区域设施农业的安全生产提供参考。
蔡文君 . 基于兴安盟雷电特征的设施农业雷电防护体系构建[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2026 , 32(7) : 110 -113 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2026.07.027
Lightning is one of the major meteorological disasters in the Xing’an League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and it has a severe impact on protected agriculture. This paper analyzed the characteristics of lightning activities in the study area from the perspective of temporal distribution, and summarized the hazards of lightning activities to facility agriculture, the deficiencies in the protection process, and the countermeasures for the construction of a protection system. From 2015 to 2024, the occurrence proportions of lightning activities in the study area in spring, summer, autumn and winter were 16.4%, 63.4%, 19.6% and 0.6% respectively, mainly concentrated in summer. Among them, lightning in spring mainly affects the timely sowing of crops; that in summer mainly influences crop photosynthesis and normal growth; that in autumn mainly impacts crop picking, transportation, storage and other links; and that in winter mainly affects off-season planting plans. Based on seasonal characteristics, the practice of lightning protection for protected agriculture in the study area needs to be further improved in terms of protection awareness, protection measures and systematicness of the protection system. Accordingly, the following measures for constructing a lightning protection system are proposed: establish a multi-dimensional publicity and education system and carry out precise skill training to eliminate misconceptions such as “natural lightning protection of metal structures” and “no need for protection due to low occurrence frequency”, and enhance protection awareness; apply intelligent lightning receptors and diversion devices, as well as high-performance shielding and surge protection equipment; establish an equipment linkage protection mechanism, strengthen remote monitoring and emergency response, and formulate comprehensive emergency plans to enhance the automatic system linkage. This paper provides a reference for the safe production of facility agriculture.
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