安徽农学通报 >
2026 , Vol. 32 >Issue 8: 35 - 37
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2026.08.009
石台县羊肚菌林下种植技术
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董 杨(1996—),男,安徽合肥人,硕士,助理农艺师,从事农业技术推广工作。 |
收稿日期: 2025-06-03
网络出版日期: 2026-04-29
Understory cultivation technology of Morchella esculenta in Shitai County
Received date: 2025-06-03
Online published: 2026-04-29
本文总结了羊肚菌在安徽省石台县林下栽培的技术要点。栽培前管理方面,菌种制备环节严格按照母种、原种及栽培种的配方进行灭菌接种,同时制备营养包;栽培场地选择地势平坦、土层深厚、弱碱性的林地;于11月中下旬温度稳定在18 ℃以下时整地,撒施生石灰消毒后深翻作厢;随后搭建小拱棚并视郁闭度加盖遮阳网,以稳定菌床微环境。播种与养菌期管理方面,采用撒播或条播方式播种并覆土3~4 cm;播种后覆黑色地膜保湿,5~15 d后摆放营养包(1 600袋/667 m2);控制棚温15~20 ℃、土壤含水量45%~60%。出菇期撤去地膜与营养包,棚内空气湿度维持在85%~95%,并协调通风与光照管理。病虫害防控坚持预防为主,采用高效氯氟氰菊酯喷雾和诱虫板等防治跳虫、菇蝇。待菌盖纹路清晰、肉质肥厚时,沿菌柄基部切割采收。本文为林下羊肚菌种植产业发展提供参考。
董杨 , 张澄宇 . 石台县羊肚菌林下种植技术[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2026 , 32(8) : 35 -37 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2026.08.009
This article summarized the technical points of cultivating Morchella esculenta under the forest in Shitai County, Anhui Province. In terms of pre cultivation management, the preparation of bacterial strains strictly follows the formula of mother seeds, original seeds, and cultivated seeds for sterilization and inoculation, while preparing nutrient packs; choose forest land with flat terrain, deep soil layers, and weak alkalinity as the cultivation site; when the temperature stabilizes below 18 ℃ in mid to late November, prepare the soil, sprinkle quicklime for disinfection, and deeply plow the container; subsequently, a small arched canopy was constructed and covered with shading nets depending on the canopy density to stabilize the microbial bed microenvironment. In terms of sowing and mushroom cultivation period management, sowing or strip sowing methods are adopted and covered with soil for 3-4 cm; after sowing, black plastic film is applied to keep moisture, and after 5-15 days, nutrient packs (1 600 bags/667 m2) are placed; control the greenhouse temperature to 15-20 ℃ and soil moisture content to 45%-60%. Remove the plastic film and nutrient package during the mushroom growing period, maintain the air humidity in the greenhouse at 85% to 95%, and coordinate ventilation and lighting management. The prevention and control of diseases and insect pests should focus on prevention, and high efficiency cyhalothrin spray and insect trap board should be used to control jumping insects and mushroom flies. When the pattern on the cap is clear and the meat is thick, cut and harvest along the base of the stem. This article provides a reference for the development of the cultivation industry of Morchella esculenta under the forest.
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