安徽农学通报 >
2026 , Vol. 32 >Issue 8: 70 - 73
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2026.08.017
小麦白粉病重发原因及综合防治对策
|
纪让军(1973—),男,陕西岐山人,高级农艺师,从事农业技术推广和农村集体产业发展培育工作。 |
收稿日期: 2025-06-22
网络出版日期: 2026-04-29
Causes of severe occurrence of wheat powdery mildew and comprehensive control strategies
Received date: 2025-06-22
Online published: 2026-04-29
为减轻小麦白粉病危害损失,本文根据陕西省岐山县小麦白粉病的发生特点,分析了该病害的重发原因,并提出综合防治对策。该病害在研究区的发生特点为冬前发生早,发生高峰期平均病株率18.5%,稠旺麦田平均病株率3.67%,旱地较塬区平均病株率高0.4个百分点。发生原因分析表明,暖冬气候及早春温度偏高、降水充沛,有利于小麦白粉病病菌存活和扩散;种植抗病性较弱的小麦品种,一定程度上增加了白粉病的发病率;带病秸秆在田间积压,使得土壤中菌源累积;播期偏早、种植密度过大易引发白粉病暴发;与塬灌区相比,旱地农户的栽培管理精细化程度相对较低,加剧了旱地白粉病的发生与危害程度;药剂喷施不均匀降低了防治效果。基于此,提出结合气象预报做好病害发展趋势预测,结合当地生产实际选用西农226等抗病优良品种、适期晚播、增施磷钾肥,选用合适化学药剂进行药剂拌种和田间防治等综合防治措施,以保障小麦安全生产和可持续发展。
纪让军 , 李华利 , 杜卫东 , 牛卫兵 . 小麦白粉病重发原因及综合防治对策[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2026 , 32(8) : 70 -73 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2026.08.017
To reduce yield losses caused by wheat powdery mildew, this paper summarized the occurrence characteristics of the disease in Qishan County, Shaanxi Province, analyzed the causes of its severe epidemic, and proposed integrated control strategies. The occurrence characteristics of wheat powdery mildew in the study area were early infection before winter, an average disease incidence of 18.5% at the peak occurrence stage, an average disease incidence of 3.67% in dense and vigorous wheat fields, and an average disease incidence in dryland that was 0.4 percentage points higher than that in the tableland irrigation area. Analysis of the occurrence causes indicated that warm winters, relatively high temperatures in early spring and abundant precipitation favored the survival and spread of wheat powdery mildew; the cultivation of wheat varieties with weak disease resistance increased the incidence of powdery mildew to a certain extent; pathogen inoculum accumulated in the soil due to the retention of diseased straw in fields; excessively early sowing dates and excessively high planting densities tended to trigger the outbreak of wheat powdery mildew; compared with the tableland irrigation area, the relatively low level of refined cultivation and management by dryland farmers exacerbated the occurrence and damage degree of wheat powdery mildew in dryland; and uneven fungicide spraying reduced the control efficacy. Accordingly, integrated control measures were proposed, including predicting disease development trends based on meteorological forecasts, selecting resistant varieties such as Xinong 226 according to local production conditions, adopting late sowing at an appropriate date, increasing phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application, and conducting chemical seed dressing and field control with suitable fungicides, so as to ensure safe wheat production and sustainable development.
| [1] |
王金娥,周飞,徐慧明,等. 丙硫菌唑等4种杀菌剂对小麦白粉病的杀菌活性及田间防效评价[J]. 世界农药,2025,47(5):39-44.
|
| [2] |
王奥霖,赵亚男,孙超飞,等. 小麦不同抗性品种对6种杀菌剂防治小麦白粉病效果的影响[J]. 植物保护,2021,47(6):285-290.
|
| [3] |
易军,符慧娟,李星月,等. 种衣剂减量下增施菌剂和肥料对小麦光合、产量、蚜虫及白粉病防控的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报,2024,44(5):675-684.
|
| [4] |
杨建菊. 凤庆县小麦白粉病发生特点及综合防控技术[J]. 云南农业科技,2022(6):35-37.
|
| [5] |
胡锐,邢彩云,李元杰,等. 郑州市小麦白粉病发生特点及防治对策[J]. 农业科技通讯,2014(6):218-220.
|
| [6] |
高海峰,努尔孜亚·亚力买买提,李广阔,等. 几种杀菌剂对小麦白粉病的防治效果[J]. 新疆农业科学,2013,50(7):1260-1264.
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |