本文综述了红景天的主要化学成分、药理活性以及其主要有效成分红景天苷的提取及合成，并分析了其应用现状及栽培繁殖技术。红景天含有苷类、黄酮类和多糖类等化学成分。有效成分苷类具有减少氧化应激损伤、防治高原反应和改善多器官组织纤维化病变等功效；黄酮类具有抗炎、抗氧化作用，发挥氧自由基清除能力；多糖类具有调节糖脂代谢、抑菌及免疫调节等功效。红景天苷是红景天质量评价的核心指标，其可从植物中提取，合成途径有生物合成法、酶催化合成、化学合成法，其中生物合成法和酶催化合成法应用较多。该植物广泛应用于药用、保健、护肤等领域，具备较高的潜在开发与应用价值。生产上，其可通过播种、根茎繁殖、扦插和组织培养等方式进行繁殖。本文为红景天质量评价及资源开发提供参考。

This paper reviewed the main chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Rhodiola rosea, as well as the extraction and synthesis of its primary active ingredient salidroside, and analyzed its current application status, cultivation and propagation techniques. It contains chemical components such as glycosides, flavonoids and polysaccharides. The active component glycosides have effects such as reducing oxidative stress damage, preventing and treating altitude sickness, and improving fibrosis lesions of multiple organs and tissues; flavonoids possess anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects, and exhibit potent oxygen free radical scavenging capacity; polysaccharides have effects such as regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, inhibiting bacteria, and regulating immunity. Salidroside is the core index for the quality evaluation of Rhodiola rosea. It can be extracted from plants, and its synthesis methods include biosynthetic method, enzyme-catalyzed synthesis, and chemical synthesis, among which biosynthetic method and enzyme-catalyzed synthesis are more widely used. This plant has been widely applied in the fields of medicine, health care, and skin care, and has high potential development and application value. In agricultural production, it can be propagated by sowing, rhizome propagation, cutting and tissue culture. This review provides a reference for the quality evaluation and resource development of Rhodiola rosea.