安徽农学通报 >
2026 , Vol. 32 >Issue 10: 104 - 106
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2026.10.027
典型草原牧区干旱气象对畜牧业的影响及应对策略
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何 欣(1992—),男,辽宁沈阳人,工程师,从事农业综合业务工作。 |
收稿日期: 2025-07-29
网络出版日期: 2026-05-28
Impact of meteorological drought on animal husbandry in typical steppe pastoral area and corresponding countermeasures
Received date: 2025-07-29
Online published: 2026-05-28
本文基于典型草原牧区内蒙古自治区苏尼特左旗地区气象数据,分析了该地区干旱发生特征及对畜牧业生产的影响,并基于该地区的实际情况,提出干旱监测预报方法和应对策略。分析表明,研究区年均降水量在150~300 mm,降水集中在6—8月,干旱气象特征明显。持续干旱导致草场长势变差、生产能力退化,牲畜生长发育迟缓、免疫力下降,引发饲料短缺,畜牧业生产成本增加。针对干旱气象,研究区基于历史数据分析、地面气象站观测、多源遥感监测等数据,构建了一体化的干旱监测预报体系。采取了短期应急措施和长期适应策略,包括建立气象信息共享平台,通过广播、公众号等渠道将预警信息传达给牧户,组建气象、畜牧、水利专家开展抗旱应急培训,建立三级应急物资储备库,实现跨区域资源统筹;重点推广抗旱玉米等高水分利用效率作物及覆盖保墒、抗旱剂施用等农艺措施,引入耐旱牧草品种,优化畜牧业生产结构,减少对天然草场的过度依赖,并建设标准化舍饲圈养设施,构建“种—养—加”一体化产业链。上述策略有效缓解了牧户的压力,降低了干旱灾害损失,提升了区域抗旱能力。本文为草原牧区干旱风险管理提供参考。
何欣 , 曹山 , 张心雨 , 叁思日 . 典型草原牧区干旱气象对畜牧业的影响及应对策略[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2026 , 32(10) : 104 -106 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2026.10.027
Based on meteorological data of Sonid Left Banner in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, a typical steppe pastoral area, this paper analyzed the characteristics of drought occurrence and its impacts on animal husbandry production in the study area. Combined with local actual conditions, drought monitoring and forecasting methods as well as targeted countermeasures were proposed. The results showed that the annual average precipitation in the study area ranged from 150 to 300 mm, with rainfall concentrated from June to August, presenting prominent meteorological drought characteristics. Persistent drought led to degraded grassland growth and reduced grassland productivity. It also caused stunted growth and declined immunity in livestock, triggers forage shortages, and further increases the production cost of animal husbandry. In response to meteorological drought, the study area has established an integrated drought monitoring and forecasting system based on historical data analysis, ground meteorological station observations, and multi-source remote sensing monitoring. The system inverts vegetation, soil and water drought indices to monitor grassland degradation and spatial differentiation of regional drought. A combination of short-term emergency measures and long-term adaptation strategies has been implemented. Specifically, an integrated meteorological information sharing platform has been established to release early warning information to herdsmen through radio, official WeChat accounts and other channels. Expert teams in meteorology, animal husbandry and water conservancy have been organized to carry out drought prevention emergency training. A three-level emergency material reserve warehouse system has been built to realize cross-regional resource coordination. In terms of long-term strategies, high water-use efficiency crops such as drought-resistant corn are widely promoted. Agronomic practices including soil moisture conservation by mulching and drought resistance agent application are popularized. Drought-tolerant forage varieties are introduced to optimize the animal husbandry structure and reduce excessive reliance on natural grasslands. Meanwhile, standardized captive breeding facilities are constructed to develop an integrated planting-breeding-processing industrial chain. These measures have effectively alleviated the operational pressure on herdsmen, reduced drought disaster losses, and improved the regional drought resistance capacity. This study can provide a scientific reference for drought risk management in pastoral areas.
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