安徽农学通报 >
2026 , Vol. 32 >Issue 10: 45 - 48
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2026.10.013
连平县林下药材种植模式与栽培技术
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谢文就(1971—),男,广东连平人,助理工程师,从事林业技术与生态公益林管理工作。 |
收稿日期: 2025-06-12
网络出版日期: 2026-05-28
Models and cultivation techniques of under-forest medicinal herb planting in Lianping County
Received date: 2025-06-12
Online published: 2026-05-28
为推动林下中药材生态规模化种植,本文系统梳理了连平县3种林下中药材生态种植模式的技术体系,包括岗梅林下种植、阔叶林灵芝仿野生栽培及油茶—五指毛桃复合种植模式。明确各模式的技术要点与栽培注意事项。岗梅种植宜选择郁闭度<0.5、土层深厚、排水良好的林地,采用穴垦整地、密度6 000~9 000株/hm²,春季雨后栽植Ⅰ级苗木,抚育期以物理和生物防治为主,按药用需求适时采收。灵芝仿野生栽培优先选择以红锥、枫树为优势树种的天然次生林,控制郁闭度0.7~0.8,种植密度3 000~4 500棒/hm²,整地时撒施石灰防控病害,维持林下“四分阳、六分阴”的光照条件及温度25~28 ℃、空气相对湿度85%~90%,每年5—6月与9—10月采收两茬。油茶—五指毛桃复合经营在油茶新造林同步套种五指毛桃,密度约9 000株/hm²,依托水平带状整地与协同抚育管理,通过穴施追肥、摘顶定干、合理灌溉及综合防治病虫害,实现光能、土地和养分的协同利用。3种模式均强调生态适应性、规范化管护与可持续采收。本文为区域林下中药材生态规模化种植提供参考。
谢文就 . 连平县林下药材种植模式与栽培技术[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2026 , 32(10) : 45 -48 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2026.10.013
To promote the large-scale ecological cultivation of Chinese medicinal herbs under forests, this study systematically sorted out the technical systems of 3 ecological planting modes for under-forest medicinal herbs in Lianping County, namely under-forest planting of Ilex asprella, wild-simulated cultivation of Ganoderma lingzhi in broad-leaved forests, and compound management of Camellia oleifera and Ficus hirta. The key technical points and cultivation precautions of each mode were clarified. For Ilex asprella planting, woodlands with canopy density below 0.5, deep soil layers and good drainage were selected. Hole site preparation was adopted with a planting density ranging from 6 000 to 9 000 plants per hectare. Grade I seedlings were transplanted after spring rainfall. Physical and biological prevention methods were mainly applied during tending management, and timely harvesting was conducted in accordance with medicinal application demands. In terms of wild-simulated Ganoderma lingzhi cultivation, natural secondary forests dominated by Castanopsis hystrix and maple trees were preferred, with canopy density controlled between 0.7 and 0.8 and a cultivation density of 3 000 to 4 500 fungus sticks per hectare. Lime was spread during land preparation to prevent diseases. The under-forest environment was maintained with proper scattered light, a temperature of 25–28 ℃ and relative air humidity of 85%–90%. Two harvests were carried out annually from May to June and September to October. As for the compound management mode of camellia oleifera and Ficus hirta, Ficus hirta was intercropped synchronously with newly established Camellia oleifera forests at a density of approximately 9 000 plants per hectare. With horizontal strip land preparation and coordinated tending measures including hole fertilization, pinching and trunk shaping, rational irrigation and integrated pest control, the collaborative utilization of light energy, land resources and soil nutrients was realized. All 3 modes attached importance to ecological adaptability, standardized field management and sustainable harvesting. This research provides practical references for the large-scale ecological development of under-forest medicinal herb cultivation in relevant regions.
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