安徽农学通报 >
2026 , Vol. 32 >Issue 12: 12 - 15
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2026.12.004
嘉祥县夏大豆“种肥侧深施+水肥一体化”高产栽培技术
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楚良辉(1989—),男,山东嘉祥人,农艺师,从事基层农业技术推广工作。 |
收稿日期: 2025-05-27
网络出版日期: 2026-07-02
High yield cultivation technology for summer soybean with “side-deep fertilization of seed fertilizer + integrated water and fertilizer” in Jiaxiang County
Received date: 2025-05-27
Online published: 2026-07-02
为探索山东省嘉祥县夏大豆单产提升技术路径,本文阐述了以“种肥侧深施+水肥一体化”技术为主的栽培要点与管理措施,并总结了其示范应用成效。种肥侧深施技术中,在小麦收获后及时深耕25 cm,施腐熟农家肥1 500~2 000 kg/667 m2或有机肥100~200 kg/667 m2;6月20日前完成机械播种及肥料侧深施,选择硫基缓控释复合肥15~20 kg/667 m2,配合腐殖酸有机肥5 kg/667 m2等;施肥位置为种子侧位5~7 cm、深3~5 cm。水肥一体化技术中,系统配置120目过滤器、变频恒压装置(0.2~0.3 MPa)、PE输水管及滴灌带(流量1.8 L/h);滴灌带布设根据行距调整为每2行共用1条,依据土壤类型控制滴头流量在1.8~3.2 L/h;施肥管理方面,分枝期施尿素3~4 kg/667 m2+磷酸一铵2 kg/667 m2,初花期喷硝酸钾5 kg/667 m2+螯合钙1 kg/667 m2,鼓粒期喷磷酸二氢钾2 kg/667 m2+硼砂0.5 kg/667 m2,花荚期补充钼酸铵与硫酸锌,鼓粒期补充氨基酸钙与芸苔素内酯;灌溉管理方面,滴灌保持土壤含水量适宜(播种后48 h内70%~75%,苗期60%~70%、花荚期75%~85%、鼓粒期75%~80%)。此外,还包括配套种子处理(筛选、晾晒、根瘤菌拌种)、适度密植(1.2万~1.6万株/667 m2)、病虫草害防控(播后苗前封闭除草,苗后化学除草;重点防控病毒病、甜菜夜蛾等)及机械收获(在叶片脱落后选择晴朗时段进行)等。2023—2024年山东嘉祥示范结果表明,该技术较常规模式大豆增产62.75~80.94 kg/667 m2,增收300~500元/667 m2,有效提升资源利用效率与生态效益。本文为夏大豆高效优质生产提供参考。
楚良辉 , 逄蕾 , 阮铭朔 , 王壮 , 陈宪信 . 嘉祥县夏大豆“种肥侧深施+水肥一体化”高产栽培技术[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2026 , 32(12) : 12 -15 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2026.12.004
To explore the technical pathway for summer soybean yield improvement in Jiaxiang County, Shandong Province, the cultivation techniques and management measures of the “side-deep fertilization of seed fertilizer + integrated water and fertilizer” technology were described, and its demonstration application effects were summarized. In the side-deep fertilization of seed fertilizer technology, it is recommended to plow deeply to 25 cm after wheat harvest, applying 1 500-2 000 kg/667 m2 of well-rotted farmyard manure or 100-200 kg/667 m2 of organic fertilizer. Mechanical sowing and side-deep fertilizer placement should be completed by June 20, using 15-20 kg/667 m2 of sulfur-based slow-release compound fertilizer, combined with 5 kg/667 m2 of humic acid organic fertilizer, among others. The fertilizer placement should be 5-7 cm to the side of the seeds and 3-5 cm deep. In the integrated water and fertilizer technology, the system configuration includes a 120-mesh filter, a variable frequency constant pressure device (0.2-0.3 MPa), PE water pipes, and drip irrigation tape (flow rate 1.8 L/h). The drip tape should be arranged with one line shared by 2 rows based on row spacing, and the emitter flow rate should be selected between 1.8-3.2 L/h according to soil type. For fertilizer management, apply 3-4 kg/667 m2 of urea + 2 kg/667 m2 of monoammonium phosphate during the branching stage, spray 5 kg/667 m2 of potassium nitrate + 1 kg/667 m2 of chelated calcium at the initial flowering stage, and spray 2 kg/667 m2 of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.5 kg/667 m2 of borax during the grain-filling stage. Additionally, supplement with ammonium molybdate and zinc sulfate during the flowering and pod formation stage, and replenish amino acid calcium and brassinolide during the grain-filling stage. For irrigation management, drip irrigation maintains optimal soil moisture levels (70%–75% within 48 hours after sowing, 60%–70% during the seedling stage, 75%–85% during the flowering and podding stage, and 75%–80% during the grain-filling stage). Additionally, it includes seed treatment (screening, sun-drying, and rhizobium seed dressing), moderate planting density (12 000-16 000 plants/667 m2), pest and weed control (post-sowing pre-emergence herbicides and post-emergence chemical weeding; focused prevention of viral diseases, and beet armyworm), and mechanical harvesting (performed on sunny days after leaf shedding). The demonstration results in Jiaxiang County, Shandong Province, from 2023 to 2024 showed that, compared with conventional practices, this technology increased soybean yield by 62.75-80.94 kg/667 m2 and income by 300-500 yuan/667 m2, and effectively improved resource use efficiency and ecological benefits. This paper provides a reference for the high efficiency and high quality production of summer soybeans.
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