安徽农学通报 >
2025 , Vol. 31 >Issue 13: 79 - 82
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.13.019
稻虾共生种养模式分析
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夏德军(1969—),男,安徽马鞍山人,高级工程师,从事水产技术服务与推广工作。 |
Copy editor: 胡立萍
收稿日期: 2024-06-18
网络出版日期: 2025-07-17
Analysis of rice-crayfish symbiotic farming model
Received date: 2024-06-18
Online published: 2025-07-17
本文结合安徽马鞍山地区稻虾共生种养模式的生产实践,分析该模式下的稻田要求、水稻种植技术和小龙虾养殖技术的要点,以及该模式的优势和未来研究趋势。该模式宜选择3~5 hm2的田块,田埂宽度不少于1.5 m,埂高在60~80 cm,同时采用网目尺寸5 mm的聚乙烯网布对田块内侧边坡进行防护处理。水稻种植技术要点包括选择植株1.1 m以上、抗倒性强、抗病性好的品种(望两优018、韦两优8612和乔两优17等),采用“日浸夜露”的方法浸种,使用水稻专用发芽箱进行恒温催芽;研究区水稻适宜播期在3月15—20日,大棚育秧以旱管、喷灌为主,白天棚内温度保持在25~30 ℃,移栽前5~7 d控水、炼苗,同时提前旋耕大田;采用机械插秧法,插足基本苗,栽插规格为30 cm×17 cm,确保基本苗数在1.2万~1.5万穴/667 m2,头茬水稻在8月20日之前收获,再生稻收获期在10月底至11月上旬。小龙虾养殖技术要点包括分两次进行种苗投放(第一次在3月20日—4月20日,第二次为5月底前),总投放量为7 000尾/667 m2;放苗当天,均匀撒喂蛋白含量36%、粒径1.1 mm的优质幼虾饲料,放苗后每5~7 d使用发酵酵母类EM菌进行水质调节,采取捕大留小的方式在捕捞期(5月持续至10月底)随时进行捕捞。该模式实现了水稻“一种两收”,提高了其产量水平,同时提高了小龙虾单产水平和规格,捕捞时期极大延长、效益提升明显。未来需进一步研究该模式下水稻栽插密度和虾苗投放密度对水稻产量提升和养殖效益的影响。
夏德军 , 花浩然 , 苏枭 , 隋燚 , 洪钦 , 刘怡 . 稻虾共生种养模式分析[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2025 , 31(13) : 79 -82 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.13.019
This paper combines the production practices of the rice-crayfish symbiotic farming model in the Ma’anshan region of Anhui Province, the technical requirements for paddy fields, the key techniques for rice cultivation and crayfish farming under this model were analyzed, as well as its advantages and future research trends. For this model, it was advisable to select field plots of 3–5 hm², with ridge widths no less than 1.5 m and heights of 60–80 cm. Additionally, the inner slopes of the fields should be protected with polyethylene mesh fabric with a mesh size of 5 mm.The key techniques for rice cultivation included selecting varieties with plant heights above 1.1 m, strong lodging resistance, and good disease resistance (such as Wangliangyou 018, Weiliangyou 8612, and Qiaoliangyou 17), using the “day-soaking and night-draining” method for seed soaking, and employing rice-specific germination boxes for constant-temperature sprouting. The suitable sowing period in the study area is March 15–20. Greenhouse seedling cultivation mainly adopts dry management and sprinkler irrigation, with daytime temperatures maintained at 25–30 °C. Water control and seedling hardening were implemented 5–7 days before transplanting, while the main field was rotary-tilled in advance. Mechanical transplanting is adopted, ensuring sufficient basic seedlings with a planting density of 30 cm × 17 cm and 12 000–15 000 holes/667 m². The first harvest of rice should be completed before August 20, while the ratoon rice harvest period falls between late October and early November.The key techniques for crayfish farming included stocking fry in two batches (the first from March 20 to April 20 and the second before the end of May), with a total stocking density of 7 000 individuals/667 m². On the day of release, high quality juvenile feed with a protein content of 36% and a particle size of 1.1 mm should be evenly distributed. After release, fermented yeast-based EM bacteria should be applied every 5–7 days for water quality regulation. During the harvesting period (from May to late October), a “capture the large and retain the small” approach is adopted for flexible harvesting. This model achieves “one planting with two harvests” for rice, improving its yield, while also enhancing the unit yield and size of crayfish. The harvesting period is significantly extended, leading to notable economic benefits. Future research should further investigate the effects of rice planting density and crayfish stocking density on rice yield and farming efficiency under this model.
Key words: crayfish; rice; rice-crayfish symbiotic farming model; culture benefit
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