安徽农学通报 >
2025 , Vol. 31 >Issue 14: 80 - 83
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.14.017
烟草黑胫病的发生与综合防治措施
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付 堯(1993—),男,贵州威宁人,硕士,助理农艺师,从事烟叶生产技术及烟草病虫害防治工作。 |
Copy editor: 何艳
收稿日期: 2024-12-13
网络出版日期: 2025-07-31
Epidemiology and integrated control measures of tobacco black shank
Received date: 2024-12-13
Online published: 2025-07-31
烟草黑胫病是烟草生产中的主要病害之一,连作及品种引进等因素导致其发生日趋严重,威胁烤烟产质量。本文阐述了其病原学特征、发病症状、发病因素及防治措施。该病害病原菌为疫霉属,以菌丝体或厚垣孢子为初侵染源,其游动孢子可直接穿透植物表皮侵入,菌丝生长最适温度在28~32 ℃,孢子囊产生最适温度在24~28 ℃。该病害在烟草全生育期均可发生,团棵期至旺长期高发,主要为害茎基部和根部,苗期呈“猝倒”,大田期呈“穿大褂”“笋节状”“碟片状”典型症状。发病因素涉及病原菌越冬(存活2~3年,连作加剧积累)、高温高湿气候(田间湿度80%以上持续3~5 d达发病高峰)及根结线虫侵染(加重为害)。防治措施包括选育抗病品种(如中烟100、豫烟2号等高抗品种,K326、云烟85等中抗品种);农业防治(合理轮作/间套作非寄主作物,深耕晒垡、高起垄培土、排水降湿等栽培管理);生物防治(利用芽孢杆菌、假单胞菌等拮抗微生物及大蒜、黄柏等植物源杀菌剂);化学防治(甲霜锰锌、精甲霜·锰锌、烯酰吗啉等药剂)。未来需进一步探究其致病机理、加快抗病品种改良、开发环境友好型生物制剂,并优化综合防控体系以适应不同生产需求。
付堯 , 耿怀婷 , 姬瑾 , 孙浩宸 , 付华安辰 . 烟草黑胫病的发生与综合防治措施[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2025 , 31(14) : 80 -83 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.14.017
Tobacco black shank is one of the major diseases in tobacco production. It has become increasingly severe due to factors such as continuous cropping and frequent introduction of new varieties, threatening the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The etiological characteristics, disease symptoms, pathogenic factors, and control measures of this disease were elaborated. The pathogen of this disease belongs to the genus Phytophthora, with mycelium or chlamydospores serving as the primary infection sources. Its zoospores can directly penetrate the epidermis to infect plants. The optimal temperature for mycelial growth is 28–32 °C, and the optimal temperature for sporangium production is 24–28 °C. This disease can occur throughout the entire growth period of tobacco, with high incidence from the rosette stage to the vigorous growth stage. It mainly damages the basal stems and roots. In the seedling stage, it manifests as “damping-off”; in the field stage, it presents typical symptoms such as “mantle-like”, “bamboo shoot node-like”, and “disc-like” lesions. Pathogenic factors include overwintering of pathogens (surviving for 2–3 years, with continuous cropping exacerbating accumulation), high temperature and high humidity climates (field humidity above 80% for 3–5 consecutive days leading to disease peaks), and root-knot nematode infection (aggravating the damage). Control measures include breeding disease-resistant varieties (such as highly resistant varieties such as Zhongyan 100 and Yuyan No.2, and moderately resistant varieties such as K326 and Yunyan 85); agricultural control (rational crop rotation/intercropping with non-host crops, deep plowing and sunning, high-ridging and earthing up, drainage and humidity reduction, etc.); biological control (using antagonistic microorganisms such as Bacillus and Pseudomonas, as well as plant-derived fungicides from garlic and corktree bark); and chemical control (agents such as metalaxyl-mancozeb, mefenoxam-mancozeb, and dimethomorph). Future research should further explore its pathogenic mechanisms, accelerate the improvement of disease-resistant varieties, develop environmentally friendly biological agents, and optimize integrated prevention and control systems to adapt to different production needs.
Key words: tobacco black shank; symptom; occurrence regularity; integated management
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