安徽农学通报 >
2025 , Vol. 31 >Issue 14: 88 - 91
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.14.019
大鲵人工繁养技术
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於 杰(1970—),男,安徽淮南人,工程师,从事水产技术推广工作。 |
Copy editor: 胡立萍
收稿日期: 2024-11-02
网络出版日期: 2025-07-31
Artificial propagation and culture techniques of Andrias davidianus
Received date: 2024-11-02
Online published: 2025-07-31
大鲵作为两栖动物,具有食用、药用等价值。本文结合安徽淮南地区大鲵繁养生产实践,从场地选择、设施建设、人工繁殖、人工养殖和疾病防治等方面总结其繁养技术。大鲵喜阴怕光,喜静怕扰,宜选择环境幽静且饲料资源充足的场地;在可遮光且通风的地下室内建设养殖池,分为稚鲵池、幼鲵池、成鲵池、亲鲵池、产卵池和孵化池;同时配套建设沉淀池、过滤池、净化池等。人工繁殖方面,选择体质健壮、无伤病,体重在2 kg以上的亲鲵个体;在亲鲵养殖池内,实行雌雄比为3∶2配组混养或雌雄隔离分养,养殖密度为1尾/m2,分春季培育(4—5月)、产前培育(6—7月)和秋季培育(8—9月);催产时间以8—9月为宜,水温控制在16~23 ℃;采用流水方式进行孵化,流速控制在2 m3/h,溶解氧浓度>3 mg/L,避免光照。人工养殖分为幼体期、幼鲵及成鲵3个阶段,幼体阶段需控制水温(10~23 ℃)、密度(30~50尾/m2)并严格消毒;幼鲵养殖注重分级管理(6~10尾/m2)和“四定”投喂;成鲵按水温精准调控投饵率(0.3%~10%)。疾病防控以预防为主,寄生虫病(车轮虫等)采用福尔马林药浴,细菌病(疥疮病、肠炎)使用聚维酮碘消毒配合抗生素治疗,真菌病(水霉病)采用食盐浸浴和甲霜灵泼洒。本文为大鲵的健康养殖提供参考。
於杰 . 大鲵人工繁养技术[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2025 , 31(14) : 88 -91 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.14.019
Andrias davidianus as an amphibian, possesses values such as food and medicinal uses. Its breeding and cultivation techniques based on practical production practices in the Huainan area of Anhui Province, covering site selection, farming facility construction, artificial propagation, artificial cultivation, and disease prevention and control were summarized. Andrias davidianus prefer shade and dislike light, favor quiet environments, and are sensitive to disturbances; the site should be secluded with ample feed resources. Breeding ponds should be constructed in shaded and ventilated underground rooms, divided into larval ponds, juvenile ponds, adult ponds, broodstock ponds, spawning ponds, and hatching ponds. Supporting facilities such as sedimentation ponds, filtration ponds, purification ponds should also be built. For artificial propagation, broodstock should be healthy, free of injuries or diseases, and weigh at least 2 kg. In broodstock ponds, a female-to-male ratio of 3∶2 is recommended for mixed breeding or separate rearing, with a stocking density of 1 individual/m2. Breeding is divided into spring cultivation (April–May), pre-spawning cultivation (June–July), and autumn cultivation (August–September). The optimal time for induced spawning is August–September, with water temperature controlled at 16–23 °C. A flow-through method is used for incubation, with a flow rate of 2 m3/h, dissolved oxygen concentration >3 mg/L, and avoidance of light exposure.Artificial cultivation is divided into three stages: larval, juvenile, and adult. The larval stage requires strict control of water temperature (10–23°C), stocking density (30–50 individuals/m2), and thorough disinfection. Juvenile cultivation emphasizes graded management (6–10 individuals/m2) and“four fixed”feeding principles (fixed time, location, quality, and quantity). For adults, feeding rates (0.3%–10%) are precisely adjusted based on water temperature.Disease prevention follows a proactive approach. For parasitic diseases (trichodinosis), formalin baths are used; bacterial diseases (furunculosis, enteritis) are treated with povidone-iodine disinfection and antibiotics; fungal infections (saprolegniasis) are managed with salt baths and metalaxyl application. This study provides a reference for the healthy cultivation of Andrias davidianus.
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