1 发生特点
2 重发原因分析
2.1 菌源
2.2 天气
2.3 品种
2.4 抗药性
3 “1+2”药剂防控模式示范实践与成效
3.1 示范实践
3.2 示范成效
表1 “1+2”药剂防控模式防治小麦赤霉病示范成效 |
| 模式 | 病穗率/% | 病穗率相对防效/% | 病情指数 | 病情指数相对防效/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| “1+2”防控 | 3.30 | 92.14 | 0.65 | 95.94 |
| 2次防控 | 5.40 | 87.14 | 1.28 | 92.00 |
| 常规2次防控 | 16.54 | 60.62 | 4.83 | 69.81 |
| 空白对照 | 42.00 | 16.00 |
安徽农学通报 >
2025 , Vol. 31 >Issue 15: 67 - 69
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.15.017
小麦赤霉病重发原因分析及“1+2”药剂防控模式探索
|
杨学文(1971—),男,安徽合肥人,高级农艺师,从事植物保护工作。 |
Copy editor: 李媛
收稿日期: 2024-12-05
网络出版日期: 2025-08-14
Analysis of the reasons for the severe outbreak of wheat scab and exploration of the “1+2” pesticide control model
Received date: 2024-12-05
Online published: 2025-08-14
本文结合安徽巢湖2024年小麦赤霉病发生情况,对该病害重发原因进行分析;同时在小麦赤霉病发生田块开展“1+2”药剂防控试验示范,总结其示范成效。2024年,研究区小麦赤霉病发生的主要特点是稻桩子囊壳萌发早、带菌率高、田间病情重。菌源充足、4—5月天气条件有利(日均温>15 ℃、降水量>0.1 mm日数超过11 d)、小麦品种抗(耐)病性弱以及赤霉病菌产生抗药性等是研究区小麦赤霉病重发的主要原因。“1+2”药剂防控模式是在常规2次防治(第1次在小麦扬花初期、7~10 d后第2次)基础上,增加第3次防治(3月中下旬,小麦孕穗期结合纹枯病防治进行)。试验示范结果表明,“1+2”药剂防控模式的小麦赤霉病病穗率相对防效和病情指数相对防效分别为92.14%、95.94%,防治效果较好。本文为选择适宜的小麦赤霉病药剂防控模式提供参考。
杨学文 . 小麦赤霉病重发原因分析及“1+2”药剂防控模式探索[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2025 , 31(15) : 67 -69 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.15.017
Based on the occurrence of wheat scab in Chaohu, Anhui, in 2024, an analysis was conducted on the causes of its severe outbreak. Additionally, a “1+2” chemical control demonstration was carried out in affected wheat fields, and its effectiveness was summarized. In 2024, wheat scab in the study area was characterized by early maturation of ascocarps on rice stubbles, a high pathogen carrier rate, and severe field disease severity. The main reasons for the severe outbreak of wheat scab in the study area were identified as abundant pathogen sources, favorable weather conditions from April to May (daily average temperature >15 °C, more than 11 days with precipitation >0.1 mm), weak resistance (or tolerance) of wheat varieties, and the development of fungicide resistance in the scab pathogens. The “1+2” chemical control model involved an additional third application (during the wheat booting stage in mid-to-late March, combined with the control of sharp eyespot) on the basis of the conventional two applications (the first at the initial wheat flowering stage and the second 7-10 days later). The experimental results showed that the relative control efficacy of diseased panicle rate and disease index of wheat scab by the “1+2” chemical control model was 92.14% and 95.94%, respectively, demonstrating good prevention effects. This study provides a reference for selecting an appropriate chemical control strategy for wheat scab.
Key words: wheat scab; fungicide resistance; pesticide control; disease index
表1 “1+2”药剂防控模式防治小麦赤霉病示范成效 |
| 模式 | 病穗率/% | 病穗率相对防效/% | 病情指数 | 病情指数相对防效/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| “1+2”防控 | 3.30 | 92.14 | 0.65 | 95.94 |
| 2次防控 | 5.40 | 87.14 | 1.28 | 92.00 |
| 常规2次防控 | 16.54 | 60.62 | 4.83 | 69.81 |
| 空白对照 | 42.00 | 16.00 |
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