安徽农学通报 >
2025 , Vol. 31 >Issue 17: 88 - 90
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.17.022
凤阳县小麦赤霉病发生条件及防治措施
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车 旋(1995—),男,安徽滁州人,助理农艺师,从事种植业研究。 |
Copy editor: 胡立萍
收稿日期: 2024-12-03
网络出版日期: 2025-09-16
Conditions for Fusarium head blight occurrence and prevention and control measures in Fengyang County
Received date: 2024-12-03
Online published: 2025-09-16
本文结合安徽凤阳的气候条件,分析了小麦赤霉病在该地区的发生条件,提出该病害的综合防治措施。研究区年平均气温14.8 ℃左右,年平均降水量912 mm,相对湿度在75%~80%,气候温和、四季变化分明;土壤以棕壤、水稻土和砂壤土为主,土层深厚、结构良好、有机质丰富;以上条件为小麦赤霉病的发生提供了有利的环境。同时,玉米—小麦和水稻—小麦等轮作模式为该病原菌创造了适宜的越冬条件,使菌源量连年积累,提高了病害暴发的风险。针对上述条件,采取以下防治措施:为减少菌源积累,应调整轮作植物并优化秸秆处理;为应对温度、湿度和土壤等因素,农业防治方面,选用抗病品种、合理管理水肥以降低田间湿度;使用植物生长调节剂和免疫诱抗剂进行生物防治;化学防治方面,选用丙硫菌唑等高效药剂,交替施用以延缓抗性;收获后迅速烘干或晾晒籽粒至安全水分,并加强存储管理,防止霉变和毒素积累,确保粮食安全。未来应重点利用基因克隆、功能分子标记和遥感监测等技术,以加强抗病品种的选育和病害的监测,从而提高小麦赤霉病的防治水平,促进相关产业可持续发展。
车旋 . 凤阳县小麦赤霉病发生条件及防治措施[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2025 , 31(17) : 88 -90 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.17.022
The occurrence conditions of wheat Fusarium head blight were analyzed in Fengyang, Anhui Province, based on local climatic conditions, and integrated management strategies for the disease were proposed.The study area has an average annual temperature of approximately 14.8 ℃ and an average annual rainfall of 912 mm, with relative humidity ranging between 75% and 80%. The climate is mild with distinct seasonal variations. The soils are predominantly cinnamon, paddy, and sandy loams, characterized by deep layers, good structure, and abundant organic matter, all providing favorable conditions for the occurrence of wheat Fusarium head blight. Furthermore, crop rotation patterns such as maize-wheat and rice-wheat provide suitable overwintering conditions for the pathogen, leading to the annual accumulation of inoculum and increasing the risk of disease outbreaks. In response to the above conditions, the following control measures should be taken: to reduce the accumulation of pathogen sources, the rotation of crops should be adjusted and the treatment of crop residues optimized; to address factors such as temperature, humidity and soil, agricultural measures such as selecting resistant varieties and optimizing water and fertilizer management to reduce field humidity; employing biochemical controls using plant growth regulators and immune inducers; and applying chemical controls, using high efficacy agents like prothioconazole while alternating modes of action to delay resistance development. Post-harvest, rapid drying or sunning of grains to safe moisture levels and enhanced storage management are essential to prevent mold and toxin accumulation, ensuring food safety. Future efforts should focus on leveraging technologies such as gene cloning, functional molecular markers, and remote sensing monitoring to strengthen the breeding of resistant varieties and improve disease surveillance. These advances will enhance the control of wheat scab and promote the sustainable development of the related industry.
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