安徽农学通报 >
2025 , Vol. 31 >Issue 19: 32 - 36
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.19.008
长江中下游地区油菜高产高效栽培技术
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姜芳蕾(1990—),女,安徽望江人,农艺师,从事农业项目建设工作。 |
Copy editor: 吴思文
收稿日期: 2025-06-19
网络出版日期: 2025-10-14
High yield and efficient cultivation techniques for rapeseed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River
Received date: 2025-06-19
Online published: 2025-10-14
本文结合长江中下游地区油菜栽培实践,从品种选择、种子处理、精细整地、播种育苗、降渍排湿、追肥管理等方面总结了其高产高效栽培技术。品种选择方面,根据长江流域气候条件、土壤条件、市场需求选择合适品种,可选择中早熟双低油菜品种、耐旱品种等;种子处理方面,剔除携带病害、附着虫体及破损的种子,通过晒种、药剂拌种等种子处理,提高油菜成活率与病虫害抗性;精细整地方面,应用深翻、深沟高垄等精细整地技术,在田块四周开挖深沟以强化降渍排湿效果;播种育苗方面,通过育苗移栽或高效撒播确保足够的基本苗数,优先选择壮苗进行移栽,通过人工、机械方式进行撒播;降渍排湿方面,提前挖好厢沟、腰沟、围沟,并使外排水沟与田间沟渠相连,及时进行清沟排水,防止渍害,促进根系发育;追肥管理方面,在苗期、蕾薹期、花期3个阶段进行精准高效追肥,保证油菜养分供应;病虫害防治方面,综合农业防治、物理防治、生物防治与化学防治措施,通过合理密植、及时清除病残体、选用短效低毒化学药剂等方式强化防治效果。本文为长江中下游地区油菜高产高效生产提供参考。
姜芳蕾 . 长江中下游地区油菜高产高效栽培技术[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2025 , 31(19) : 32 -36 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.19.008
Based on the practice of rapeseed cultivation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the high yield and efficient cultivation techniques from aspects such as variety selection, seed treatment, fine land preparation, sowing and seedling raising, waterlogging and dehumidification, and precise topdressing were summarized. In terms of variety selection, According to the climatic conditions, soil conditions and market demand of the Yangtze River Basin, suitable varieties should be selected. Varieties such as mid-early maturing double-low rapeseed and drought-tolerant varieties can be chosen. In terms of seed treatment, seeds carrying diseases, attached pests and damaged seeds should be removed. Through sun-drying and chemical seed dressing and other seed treatments, the survival rate and disease and pest resistance of rapeseed can be improved. In terms of fine land preparation, deep ploughing, deep furrows and high ridges and other fine tillage and land preparation techniques are applied. Deep furrows are dug around the fields to enhance the effect of moisture reduction and drainage. In terms of sowing and seedling raising, ensure a sufficient number of basic seedlings through seedling transplanting or efficient broadcasting. Prioritize the selection of strong seedlings for transplanting, and carry out broadcasting through manual or mechanical methods. In terms of waterlogging and dehumidification, dig the side ditches, waist ditches and perimeter ditches in advance, and connect the external drainage ditches with the field ditches. Clear the ditches and drain the water in time to prevent waterlogging damage and promote root development. In terms of top dressing management, precise and efficient top dressing should be carried out in the three stages of seedling stage, bolting stage, and flowering stage to ensure the supply of nutrients for rapeseed. In terms of disease and pest control, agricultural control, chemical control, physical control and biological control measures are integrated, and the control effect is strengthened by reasonable dense planting, timely removal of disease and residue, and selection of short-effect and low-toxic chemical agents. This article provides a reference for high yield and efficient production of rapeseed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
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